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Exploration and development of continental tight oil in China

Petroleum Exploration and Development 2018年第4期45卷 790-802页

作者： HU Suyun ZHU Rukai WU Songtao BAI Bin YANG Zhi CUI Jingwei Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China National Energy Tight Oil and Gas E&P Center Beijing 100083 China CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoirs Beijing 100083 China

Based on the investigation of tight oil exploration and development in North America, the successful cases of tight oil exploration and development in North America are summarized. The geological differences between continental tight oil in China and marine tight oil in North America is analyzed to explore the technical strategies for the industrial development of continental tight oil in China. The experiences of large-scale exploration and profitable development of tight oil in North America can be taken as references from the following 6 perspectives, namely exploring new profitable strata in mature exploration areas, strengthening the economic evaluation of sweet spots and focusing on the investment for high-profitability sweet spots, optimizing the producing of tight oil reserves by means of repetitive fracturing and 3 D fracturing, optimizing drilling and completion technologies to reduce the cost, adopting commodity hedging to ensure the sustainable profit, and strengthening other resources exploration to improve the profit of whole project. In light of the high abundance of tight oil in China, we can draw on successful experience from North America, four suggestions are proposed in sight of the geological setting of China's lacustrine tight oil:(1) Evaluating the potential of tight oil resources and optimizing the strategic area for tight oil exploration;(2) selecting "sweet spot zone" and "sweet spot interval" accurately for precise and high efficient development;(3) adopting advanced tight oil fracturing technology to realize economic development;(4) innovating management system to promote the large-scale profitable development of tight oil.

关键词： continental tight oil sweet-spot area sweet-spot interval profitable exploration and development China North America

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Financial Analysis of Keora (Sonneratia apetala) Plantations in Bangladesh

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Open Journal of Statistics 2012年第1期2卷 124-130页

作者： S. S. Islam Abul Kalam Azad Jonaed Kabir Mohammed Abu Taher Hossain 不详

An attempt has been taken to compare economic performance of different ages of keora (Sonneratia apetala) Plantations in coastal zone in this paper. The main objective was to find out financial rotation and profitability of keora plantation. The existing market price of round wood per cubic meter and fuel wood per ton were found to be Tk. 2650 to Tk. 3530 and Tk. 670 to Tk. 940 respectively near plantation area in 2003. The harvesting and processing costs were estimated as 20% and 10% of the standing value of the trees. The value of IRR and other economic determinants for timber were varied among Coastal Afforestation Divisions mainly due to different rates of siltation, salinity and other factors involved on the forest floor in coastal zone. However, applying the economic determinants throughout coastal zone, financially remarkable rotation age for timber was found to be within 14th to 16th year of plantation and rotation age forfuel wood as 9th year of plantation. Applying the same economic determinants keora plantation was also found as profitable in coastal zone in Bangladesh.

关键词： Keora Plantation Determinants profitable

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Volume Table of Raintree (Samanea Saman) in Bangladesh by Regression Technique

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Open Journal of Statistics 2012年第1期2卷 115-119页

作者： S. S. Islam Jonaed Kabir Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum 不详

Raintree (Samanea saman) is a multipurpose village tree species grown in abundance at southern and northern regions of Bangladesh. Village people need to know estimation procedure for timber inventory of this useful tree species. Data on diameter at breast height (diameter) and total height (height) of 205 standing sample trees were collected by Spiegel relascope for the purpose. The sample trees with diameter ranging 21 cm - 91 cm and height ranging 10 m - 20 m were considered for measurement. Volumes (m3) of individual trees were computed by Smalian formula. A total of 10 linear models of volume on diameter and volume (V) on diameter (D) and height (H) were examined with the sample trees. A few statistics of F, t, mean square error, multiple correlation coefficient and Furnivall Index was computed and tested for investigation of best fitted models. The two models of In(V) = 8.3023 + 2.1746 In(D) and In(V) = –9.1864 + 1.85502 In(D) + 0.8234 In(H) were found to be best fitted models. They have been recommended to estimate volume of large scale standing Raintree trees.

关键词： Volume Table Raintree Regression Technique profitable

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