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Problems of Training Konni producers in the Context of Reforming the Management of Hydroagricultural Developments: Challenges, Issues and Perspectives

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第5期15卷 229-245页

作者： Saidou Abdoulkarimou Illou Mahamadou Department of Environment Faculty of Agronomic Sciences Boubacar Ba University of Tillabéri Tillabéri Niger Department of Geography Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences André Salifou University of Zinder Zinder Niger

Following the reform of the governance of irrigation schemes in Niger, producer cooperatives are encountering real difficulties in ensuring effective and efficient management of irrigation water, infrastructure maintenance and renewal of hydromechanical equipment. The objective of this research is to analyze the issues and challenges of capacity building for Konni producers in the context of AHA management reform in Niger. The methodological approach adopted is based on documentary research and field surveys with all the actors directly concerned with the management of the Konni irrigated perimeter. A total of 448 people were interviewed in all the localities selected. Direct observation and interview are the two field data collection techniques adopted. The data collected was processed and on the basis of the established diagnosis, the training needs were identified. The results show that there are several experiences in terms of training and capacity building of actors in charge of the management of irrigation systems at the Konni AHA level. However, the sustainability of the perimeter is threatened by various crises. The main themes that founded the first training were related to the mobilization, transport and distribution of irrigation water, operation and maintenance, and setting and collection of the fee. In view of the expectations of operators, future issues and challenges, the training modules are increasingly oriented towards social management, the integration of gender in management and environmental impacts. Even if technical progress is possible, the real lever is organizational and requires the professionalization of irrigators. This process requires a new pedagogical approach aimed at irrigators.

关键词： Konni (Niger) Irrigation Schemes Training Management producers

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SWOT Analysis of Agricultural producers in the Supply Chain of Chinese Agro-products

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Asian Agricultural Research 2011年第5期3卷 103-106页

作者： CHEN Yuan-yi,ZHENG Gang,GUO Juan,GUO Xin,YAO Shi-bin School of Management,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039,China School of Management Xihua University

On the basis of defining the producers in the supply chain of agricultural products,the SWOT analysis is adopted to analyze the advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and threats of producers in the supply chain of Chinese agricultural products.The paper analyzes the advantages of producers in the supply chain of agricultural products from three aspects including land resources,technology level of producers and input costs.The disadvantages of producers in the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed from three aspects including scale level,mechanization and technology level and profit level.The opportunities of producers in the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed from the aspects of laws,policies,capitals and technologies.The threats confronted by the producers in the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed from foreign producers,negotiation control of supply chain of agricultural chain,environment protection and quality safety standard.On the basis of the analysis,the relevant suggestions on facilitating the interests of producers in the supply chain of Chinese agricultural products are put forward,including fully displaying the advantages of land resources;improving the knowledge and technology level of supply chain of agricultural production;establishing the alliances of producers of agricultural products to expand production scale;improving the quality of agricultural products to satisfy the relevant safety quality standard and environmental protection standard.

关键词： Supply chain of agricultural products producers SW

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Cobalt Stays at High Price and Net Profits of 4 Major Cobalt producers in China Doubled in H1 of 2018

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China Nonferrous Metals Monthly 2018年第9期 7-8页

As cobalt stayed at high price,net profits of 4major cobalt producers in China realizedsignificant growth in H1 of 2018.According to the semiannual report publishedon the evening of August 28,2018 by HanruiCobalt。

关键词： In net POSCO Cobalt Stays at High Price and Net Profits of 4 Major Cobalt producers in China Doubled in H1 of 2018

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Folate Enrichment of <i>Ogi</i>(a Fermented Cereal Gruel) Using Folate Producing Starter Cultures

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第3期9卷 177-193页

作者： Ike Okoroafor Kolawole Banwo Afolake Atinuke Olanbiwoninu Sunday Ayodele Odunfa Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Ajayi Crowther University Oyo Nigeria Laboratory of Food Biotechnology Institute of Food Nutrition and Health ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

This study was aimed at selecting starter cultures for bio-enriching ogi (fermented cereal gruel) using folate-producing microorganisms. The folate-producing microorganisms were isolated by incorporating folate analogue, methotrexate in the isolation medium and further screened for folate production by growth in Folic Acid Casei Medium. Folate production was quantified using 3-aminophenol spectrophotometric method. Folate-producing lactic acid bacteria from fermenting maize slurry were species of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus and Leuconostoc while yeast isolates were mainly species of Candida and Saccharomyces. However, Lactobacillus plantarum X13, Pediococcus pentosaceus L73, Candida parapsilosis Y77 and Candida tropicalis Y74 were used as starter cultures singly and in combination for the fermentation and production of ogi. The highest folate concentration, 30.97 ± 0.37 μg/ml, was observed after 24 h of the co-fermentation of maize slurry with Lactobacillus plantarum X13 and Candida tropicalis Y74. This represents a triple fold of the folate concentration observed in unfermented maize slurry. The pH of the fermenting maize slurry was observed to decrease from 6.12 to 3.60, while the reducing sugars and the titratable acidities were observed to increase as fermentation progressed. Sensory evaluation of the ogi samples after fermentation showed high general acceptability comparable to the naturally fermented ogi as regards to colour, taste, flavour, aroma and texture. The data made available in this study suggest the possibility of folate enrichment of ogi and its use as a vehicle for increasing folate availability to consumers thereby preventing folate deficiency diseases prevalent in many African countries.

关键词： Folate producers Folate Enrichment Ogi Lactic Acid Bacteria Yeasts

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Decentralised Energy Systems and Associated Policy Mechanisms—A Review of Africa

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2017年第3期7卷 98-116页

作者： Shadreck M. Situmbeko Department of Industrial Design and Technology University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Decentralised energy (DE), also known as distributed energy, refers to power generation and energy storage systems located at or near the point of use;and may also be connected to a local distribution network system or to a high voltage transmission system either directly or through a local distribution network system. It is generated or stored by a variety of small devices commonly referred to as distributed energy resources (DER);the definition also extends to include stand-alone systems completely isolated from the public networks. The contribution made by independent power producers (IPP’s) through deployment of DER in the African energy market is critical to fast-tracking the deployment of renewables, diversification of the energy mix and enhancing access to modern and clean energy. There is need to develop policy mechanisms aimed at enhancing the current positive drive in the energy market;and this has been observed to be a driving factor in countries which have developed appropriate policy strategies. This paper presents the concept of DE in detail and how it could complement efforts to addressing the current energy crises in Southern Africa;it also looks at policy developments in Africa and presents the scenarios in the two southern African countries of South Africa and Botswana. The research is based on an extensive review of literature on the subject matter, consultations with stakeholders as well as feedback from the Learning Network for Sustainable Energy Systems (LeNSes) workshops.

关键词： Decentralised Energy Distributed Energy Resources Renewables Independent Power producers Energy Policy

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Methodology for the Evaluation of Reproductive Management in Pig Farms

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2018年第6期8卷 388-397页

作者： Susana Espinosa Hernández Martínez Gamba Roberto Luz Valeria Martínez Carrillo Department of Medicine and Animal Husbandry of Pigs Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico City 04510Mexico

To identify areas of opportunity in the reproductive management of pig farms,a questionnaire was developed consisting of 36 reagents,18 directed to the male management area and 18 to the female.In a second stage,the questionnaire was validated by applying it to 15 cooperating farms.To corroborate the information of the questionnaire,the inspection of the reproductive management was carried out.Each reagent was assigned values of 0:does not exert a negative effect on the reproductive process,1:slight effect,2:intermediate effect and 3:negative effect.The average number of points per farm was 44.93;the area that obtained the worst percentage of points in the reproductive management was the boars with 54.93%.No correlation was found between the percentages of reagents classified as deficiencies with the number of females(p>0.05),a negative correlation was found with the fertility percentage(p0.05),but there was a negative correlation with the total number of piglets born(p0.05).There was also no effect of the region for general points in both male and the female areas(p>0.05).It is concluded that the instrument identifies weak points(WP)of reproductive management.

关键词： Management pigs reproduction small producers

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Resin Production in Natural and Artificial Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Cavity Trees

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第4期5卷 364-374页

作者： David L. Kulhavy Kimberly B. Rozelle William G. Ross Daniel R. Unger Richard N. Conner Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches TX USA School of Forestry Louisiana Tech University Rustin LA USA U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (Retired) Southern Research Station Nacogdoches TX USA

Resin flow was measured in red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis Vieillot) clusters in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in the southern region of the Angelina National Forest, Texas. Resin flow (ml) at 1.4 m height over 24 hrs was measured from one 2.5 cm punch through the phloem between 0700 and 1000 hrs from March 1999 to September 2000, for a total of 9 measurements per tree. Resin was sampled in naturally active cavity trees, artificial (insert) active, natural inactive, artificial inactive and control pines (84 sample trees). Resin flow pattern was significantly different during the year, but not significantly different in the cavity tree type resin flow. Cavity trees in the 90th percentile (>33.0 ml resin in 24 hrs) were defined as super resin producing. High average resin flows in August 1999 and September 2000 indicate when to sample resin for potential cavity trees. Regression equations were produced to estimate future resin production.

关键词： Endangered Species Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Resin Sampling Super Resin producers Cavity Trees

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A Research of the Environmental and Social Effects of the Adoption of Biotechnological Practices for Soybean Cultivation in Argentina

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 359-369页

作者： Guido Fernando Botta Alfredo Tolón-Becerra Xavier Lastra-Bravo Mario Cesar Tourn 不详

In recent years, the excessive and unregulated implementation of biotechnological practices has placed a large number of farmers in a precarious position throughout our country. Here we review and we analyzed results produced in field experiments installed along the Argentinean Pampas to determine environmental and social effects of the adoption of biotechnology practices associated with direct sowing (DS) of soybean. The use of machinery for farm work, the perfection of handling techniques, the incorporation of improved seeds, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides together influenced a significant increase in the productivity of the land, manual labors and capital. Despite positive economic results of this agricultural renewal also brought about consequences that proved to be detrimental to producers. By the end of the 1980s numerous sectors were in states of crisis. The major findings of our research are: 1) exhaustion of resources;2) erosion problems brought on by inappropriate land use and soil compaction by increased area under DS system;3) loss of biodiversity in the ecosystem;4) crisis among family-owned farms who cannot access to new improved technologies due to profitability, obsolete machinery and the impossibility of access to credit;5) reduction in smaller farms;6) increase in specialized production, which implies the subordination of farming production to the dynamic of capital and finally more direct relationships between the entities generating technology and primary productions. The results of our study on adoption of biotechnology practice associated to DS of soybean give the following results: 1) the deterioration of family income from farms reached 41% per hectare comparing the average values of the 1990s to the 1980s. Farms smaller than 190 hectares, therefore, ceased to be “competitive” in Buenos Aires State, it can be observed a reduction of 24.2% in the number of farms. This occurred due to a reduction of small and medium-scale farmers associated with the concentration of land into farm

关键词： Agricultural Sustainability Small producers Agricultural Machinery Rural Workers

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A Review of Different Types of Subsidies and How They Work in Theory

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Asian Agricultural Research 2013年第11期5卷 1-4页

作者： Kampungu K.Gerson Han Feng School of Economics and Management Beijing Forestry University

This paper gives a brief review on types of subsidies and how they work in theory.The paper identified three types of subsidies:subsidies that increase revenue,subsidies that lower the cost of production,and subsidies that are not linked to production or input.With the use of graphic examples to describe the partial effects of subsidies on supply and demand,the following findings were obtained:one,for producers to sell more,they will need to produce more,and in order to produce more,a higher input level is required,which depends on the marginal productivity of the inputs;two,the larger the elasticity for supply and demand of input(the more responsive supply and demand are to changes in the price of the input),the larger quantity of input used for a given level of support,and thereby increasing the associated environmental damage from the use of that particular input;three,for a given demand curve,a shallow supply curve(reflecting a large price elasticity of supply)will yield larger volume effects in response to a certain change in price compared to a steep supply curve and vise a verse.Finally,the study found input subsidy as an example of subsidies that lower the cost of production,and direct income support or unconditional lump sum support to an industry as an example of subsidies that are not linked to production or input.

关键词： Subsidy Elasticity Income Supply Demand producers

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Swiss Textile Machinery:Many of the innovations will integrate digitalisation and sustainability Interview with Mr. Ernesto Maurer, President of Swissmem, Swiss Textile Machinery Association

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China Textile 2019年第6期 24-25页

作者： Ernesto Maurer President of Swissmem Swiss Textile Machinery Association

24 China Textile Top Interview Swiss Textile Machinery: Many of the innovations will integrate digitalisation and sustainability Interview with Mr. Ernesto Maurer, President of Swissmem, Swiss Textile Machinery Association ITMA 2019 will demonstrate the “inventive DNA” of Switzerland’s machinery producers. Swissmem is keen to emphasise the spirit of inventiveness which has brought history-making breakthroughs as diverse as the chocolate bar, fizzy drinks and the computer mouse – as well as a continuing stream of textile-related innovations for which ITMA will provide the latest evidence.

关键词： Top producers evidence

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