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Progress in gut microbiota-host interaction

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 851-853页

作者： Changtao Jiang Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Recently,the gut microbiota has been recognized as a novel endocrine organ in the human body.It produces various bioactive metabolites and participates in metabolic processes.In addition,the gut microbiota is involved in the metabolism of drugs and natural components,which in turn influences the effects of various oral medications.

关键词： metabolism drugs processes

Ciprofloxacin degradation in photo-Fenton and photo-catalytic processes: Degradation mechanisms and iron chelation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 82-92页

作者： Ardhendu Sekhar Giri Animes Kumar Golder Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Ciprofloxacin(CIP)is a broad spectrum synthetic antibiotic drug of fluoroquinolones class.CIP can act as a bidentate ligand forming iron complexes during its degradation in the photoFenton process(PFP).This work investigates on PFP for the degradation of CIP to understand the formation mechanism and stability of iron complexes under ultraviolet(UV)-light illumination.A comparison was made with the UV-photocatalysis(UV/TiO_2)process where CIP doesn't form a complex.In PFP,the optimal dose of Fe^(2+)and H_2O_2were found to be 1.25 and10 mmol/L with pH of 3.5.An optimal TiO_2dose of 1.25 g/L was determined in the UV/TiO_2process.Maximum CIP removal and mineralization efficiency of 93.1%and 47.3%were obtained in PFP against 69.7%and 27.6%in the UV/TiO_2process.The mass spectra could identify seventeen intermediate products including iron-CIP complexes in PFP,and only seven intermediate products were found in the UV/TiO_2process with a majority of common products in both the processes.The proposed mechanism supported by the mass spectra bridged the routes of CIP cleavage in the PFP and UV/TiO_2process,and the decomposition pathway of Fe^(3+)-CIP chelate complexes in PFP was also elucidated.Both in PFP and UV/TiO_2processes,the target site of HO~·radical attack was the secondary-N atom present in the piperazine ring of the CIP molecule.The death of Escherichia coli bacteria was 55.7%and 66.8%in comparison to the control media after 45 min of treatment in PFP and UV/TiO_2process,respectively.

关键词： Advanced oxidation processes Antibiotic decomposition Iron chelation Antimicrobial activity

Urbanization: processes and driving forces

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第9期62卷 1351-1360页

作者： Chaolin GU School of Architecture Tsinghua University

Urbanization is becoming the most important human social change in the world, especially in developing countries.However, what is the process of urbanization? What forces are driving the urbanization process? This paper summarizes five main processes of urbanization through various aspects of urbanization in different countries, including economic growth and development, demographic change, social transformation, reshaped and stretched urban spaces, and shrinking cities. Based on the comprehensive method of analyzing urbanization, this paper sorts out five driving forces of urbanization, which are industrialization, modernization, globalization, marketization and administrative/institutional power. The author tries to contribute to the healthy development of urbanization in developing countries through the analysis of process and driving force in urbanization.

关键词： Urbanization processes of urbanization Driving forces of urbanization Demographic change Urban spaces

Distribution and assessment of hydrogeochemical processes of F-rich groundwater using PCA model:a case study in the Yuncheng Basin,China

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Acta Geochimica 2020年第2期39卷 216-225页

作者： Tao Liu Xubo Gao Xiaobo Zhang Chengcheng Li School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074HubeiPeople's Republic of China Science and Technology Promotion Centre of Water Resources of Zhejiang Province HangzhouPeople's Republic of China

Hydrogeochemistry and factor analysis were conducted together to assess the distribution and the major geochemical processes in fluoride-contaminated shallow groundwater in the Yuncheng Basin.Spatially,fluoride concentration was low(processes response for the groundwater chemistry and explained the largest portion(42.1%)of the total variance.Factor two reflects the negative influence of human activities,with a positive loading of NO3^-and HCO3^-,and negative loading of well depth.Fluoride-bearing mineral dissolution and alkaline condition was ranked as the third factors responding for groundwater chemistry and explained 11.2%of the total variance.

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater chemistry PCA model Hydrogeochemical processes Yuncheng Basin

Fault Diagnosis for Batch processes by Improved Multi-model Fisher Discriminant Analysis

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2006年第3期14卷 343-348页

作者：蒋丽英谢磊王树青 National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Shenyang 110034 China National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Since there are not enough fault data in historical data sets, it is very difficult to diagnose faults for batch processes. In addition, a complete batch trajectory can be obtained till the end of its operation. In order to overcome the need for estimated or filled up future unmeasured values in the online fault diagnosis, sufficiently utilize the finite information of faults, and enhance the diagnostic performance, an improved multi-model Fisher discriminant analysis is represented. The trait of the proposed method is that the training data sets are made of the current measured information and the past major discriminant information, and not only the current information or the whole batch data. An industrial typical multi-stage streptomycin fermentation process is used to test the performance of fault diagnosis of the proposed method.

关键词： fault diagnosis Fisher discriminant analysis batch processes

Formalisms to Support the Definition of processes

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第2期24卷 198-211页

作者： Leon J. Osterweil Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts Amherst

This paper emphasizes the importance of defining processes rigorously, completely, clearly, and in detail in order to support the complex projects that are essential to the modern world. The paper argues that such process definitions provide needed structure and context for the development of effective software systems. The centrality of process is argued by enumerating seven key ways in which processes and their definitions are expected to provide important benefits to society. The paper provides an example of a process formalism that makes good progress towards the difficult goal of being simultaneously rigorous, detailed, broad, and clear. Early experience suggests that these four key characteristics of this formalism do indeed seem to help it to support meeting the seven key benefits sought from process definitions. Additional research is suggested in order to gain more insights into needs in the area of process definition formalisms.

关键词： processes process definition process language

Coating processes towards selective laser sintering of energetic material composites

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第2期16卷 316-324页

作者： Zetu Jiba Walter W.Focke Lonji Kalombo Moshawe J.Madito Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR) Defence Peace Safety and SecurityP.O Box 395Pretoria 0001South Africa University of Pretoria South Africa CSIR Chemical ClusterSouth Africa

This research aims to contribute to the safe methodology for additive manufacturing(AM)of energetic materials.Coating formulation processes were investigated and evaluated to find a suitable method that may enable selective laser sintering(SLS)as the safe method for fabrication of high explosive(HE)compositions.For safety and co nvenie nce reasons,the co ncept demonstration was conducted using inert explosive simulants with properties quasi-similar to the real HE.Coating processes for simulant RDXbased microparticles by means of PCL and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde(as TNT simulant)are reported.These processes were evaluated for uniformity of coating the HE inert simulant particles with binder materials to facilitate the SLS as the adequate binding and fabrication method.Suspension system and single emulsion methods gave required particle near spherical morphology,size and uniform coating.The suspension process appears to be suitable for the SLS of HE mocks and potential formulation methods for active HE composites.The density is estimated to be comparable with the current HE compositions and plastic bonded explosives(PBXs)such as C4 and PE4,produced from traditional methods.The formulation method developed and understanding of the science behind the processes paves the way toward safe SLS of the active HE compositions and may open avenues for further research and development of munitions of the future.

关键词： Coating processes Energetic materials Simulants Mock explosives Additive manufacturing Selective laser sintering

Direct Urca processes with Hyperons in Cooling Neutron Stars

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第7期28卷 334-337页

作者：许妍刘广洲吴姚睿朱明枫喻孜王红岩赵恩广 Center for Theoretical Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012 College of Science Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037 Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190

In the relativistic mean field approximation,the relativistic energy losses of the direct Urca processes with nucleons(N-DURCA)and hyperons(Y-DURCA)are studied in the degenerate baryon matter of neutron stars.We investigate the effects of hyperon degrees of freedom and the Y-DURCA processes on the N-DURCA processes,and the total neutrino emissivity of neutron star matter.The results show that the existence of hyperons decreases the abundance of protons and leptons,and can sharply suppress the neutrino emissivity of the N-DURCA processes.

关键词： processes relativistic sharply

Generalized Integral Fluctuation Relation with Feedback Control for Diffusion processes

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第10期61卷 571-578页

作者：柳飞谢洪城卢志悦 School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering Beihang University Chemical Physics Program University of MarylandCollege ParkCollege Park MD 20742USA

We extend a generalized integral fluctuation relation in diffusion processes that we obtained previously to the situation with feedback control. The general relation not only covers existing results but also predicts other unnoticed fluctuation relations. In addition, we find that its explanation of time-reversal automatically emerges in the derivation.This interesting observation leads into an alternative inequality about the entropy-like quantity with an improved lower bound. Two feedback-controlled Brownian models are used to verify the result.

关键词： diffusion processes information thermodynamics fluctuation relationship feedback