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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 679-690页

作者： Gao-Lin Qiu Li-Jun Peng Peng Wang Zhi-Lai Yang Ji-Qian Zhang Hu Liu Xiao-Na Zhu Jin Rao Xue-Sheng Liu Department of Anesthesiology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui 230022China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

General anesthesia is widely applied in clinical practice.However,the precise mechanism of loss of consciousness induced by general anesthetics remains unknown.Here,we measured the dynamics of five neurotransmitters,includingγ-aminobutyric acid,glutamate,norepinephrine,acetylcholine,and dopamine,in the medial prefrontal cortex and primary visual cortex of C57BL/6 mice through in vivo fiber photometry and genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors under anesthesia to reveal the mechanism of general anesthesia from a neurotransmitter perspective.Results revealed that the concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid,glutamate,norepinephrine,and acetylcholine increased in the cortex during propofol-induced loss of consciousness.Dopamine levels did not change following the hypnotic dose of propofol but increased significantly following surgical doses of propofol anesthesia.Notably,the concentrations of the five neurotransmitters generally decreased during sevoflurane-induced loss of consciousness.Furthermore,the neurotransmitter dynamic networks were not synchronized in the non-anesthesia groups but were highly synchronized in the anesthetic groups.These findings suggest that neurotransmitter dynamic network synchronization may cause anesthetic-induced loss of consciousness.

关键词： General anesthesia Loss of consciousness In vivo neurotransmitter imaging Medial prefrontal cortex primary visual cortex

Modulation of Spike Count Correlations Between Macaque primary visual cortex Neurons by Difficulty of Attentional Task

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第5期38卷 489-504页

作者： Qiyi Hu Wenjuan Hu Keyi Liu Xiangdong Bu Lisha Hu Liming Li Xinyu Chai Yao Chen School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Studies have shown that spatial attention remarkably affects the trial-to-trial response variability shared between neurons.Difficulty in the attentional task adjusts how much concentration we maintain on what is currently important and what is filtered as irrelevant sensory information.However,how task difficulty mediates the interactions between neurons with separated receptive fields(RFs)that are attended to or attended away is still not clear.We examined spike count correlations between single-unit activities recorded simultaneously in the primary visual cortex(V1)while monkeys performed a spatial attention task with two levels of difficulty.Moreover,the RFs of the two neurons recorded were non-overlapping to allow us to study fluctuations in the correlated responses between competing visual inputs when the focus of attention was allocated to the RF of one neuron.While increasing difficulty in the spatial attention task,spike count correlations were either decreased to become negative between neuronal pairs,implying competition among them,with one neuron(or none)exhibiting attentional enhancement of firing rate,or increased to become positive,suggesting inter-neuronal cooperation,with one of the pair showing attentional suppression of spiking responses.Besides,the modulation of spike count correlations by task difficulty was independent of the attended locations.These findings provide evidence that task difficulty affects the functional interactions between different neuronal pools in V1 when selective attention resolves the spatial competition.

关键词： Rhesus monkey Spatial attention Shared variability Attentional load primary visual cortex

Contextual Fear Learning and Extinction in the primary visual cortex of Mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第1期39卷 29-40页

作者： Xiaoke Xie Shangyue Gong Ning Sun Jiazhu Zhu Xiaobin Xu Yongxian Xu Xiaojing Li Zhenhong Du Xuanting Liu Jianmin Zhang Wei Gong Ke Si Department of Psychiatry The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310012China College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310012China Intelligent Optics&Photonics Research Center Jiaxing Research InstituteZhejiang UniversityJiaxing314001China Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310012China MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science&Brain-Machine Integration NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologySchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310012China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310012China

Fear memory contextualization is critical for selecting adaptive behavior to survive.Contextual fear conditioning(CFC)is a classical model for elucidating related underlying neuronal circuits.The primary visual cortex(V1)is the primary cortical region for contextual visual inputs,but its role in CFC is poorly understood.Here,our experiments demonstrated that bilateral inactivation of V1 in mice impaired CFC retrieval,and both CFC learning and extinction increased the turnover rate of axonal boutons in V1.The frequency of neuronal Ca^(2+)activity decreased after CFC learning,while CFC extinction reversed the decrease and raised it to the naïve level.Contrary to control mice,the frequency of neuronal Ca^(2+)activity increased after CFC learning in microglia-depleted mice and was maintained after CFC extinction,indicating that microglial depletion alters CFC learning and the frequency response pattern of extinction-induced Ca^(2+)activity.These findings reveal a critical role of microglia in neocortical information processing in V1,and suggest potential approaches for cellular-based manipulation of acquired fear memory.

关键词： Contextual fear conditioning Calcium imaging primary visual cortex Cortical plasticity Microglial depletion Learning and memory

Super-Resolution Track-Density Imaging Reveals Fine Anatomical Features in Tree Shrew primary visual cortex and Hippocampus

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第3期34卷 438-448页

作者： Jian-Kun Dai Shu-Xia Wang Dai Shan Hai-Chen Niu Hao Lei National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathe-matics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China Institute of Neuroscience Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031 China Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 China Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging（d MRI） is widely used to study white and gray matter（GM） micro-organization and structural connectivity in the brain. Super-resolution track-density imaging（TDI） is an image reconstruction method for d MRI data, which is capable of providing spatial resolution beyond the acquired data, as well as novel and meaningful anatomical contrast that cannot be obtained with conventional reconstruction methods. TDI has been used to reveal anatomical features in human and animal brains. In this study, we used short track TDI（st TDI）, a variation of TDI with enhanced contrast for GM structures, to reconstruct directionencoded color maps of fixed tree shrew brain. The results were compared with those obtained with the traditional diffusion tensor imaging（DTI） method. We demonstrated that fine microstructures in the tree shrew brain, such as Baillarger bands in the primary visual cortex and the longitudinal component of the mossy fibers within the hippocampal CA3 subfield, were observable with st TDI,but not with DTI reconstructions from the same d MRI data.The possible mechanisms underlying the enhanced GM contrast are discussed.

关键词： Track-density imaging Diffusion tensor imaging Tree shrew primary visual cortex Hippocampus

Restoration of FMRP expression in adult V1 neurons rescues visual deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome

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Protein & Cell 2022年第3期13卷 203-219页

作者： Chaojuan Yang Yonglu Tian Feng Su Yangzhen Wang Mengna Liu Hongyi Wang Yaxuan Cui Peijiang Yuan Xiangning Li Anan Li Hui Gong Qingming Luo Desheng Zhu Peng Cao Yunbo Liu Xunli Wang Min-hua Luo Fuqiang Xu Wei Xiong Liecheng Wang Xiang-yao Li Chen Zhang State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and RepairCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijing 100021China Laboratory Animal Center Fujian University of Tradition Chinese MedicineFuzhou 350122China State Key Laboratory of Virology CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science andIntelligence TechnologyWuhan Institute of VirologyCASWuhan 430071China Center for Brain Science Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular PhysicsWuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsCASCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Department of Physiology Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032China Department of Physiology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Many people affected by fragile X syndrome(FXS)and autism spectrum disorders have sensory processing deficits,such as hypersensitivity to auditory,tactile,and visual stimuli.Like FXS in humans,loss of Fmr1 in rodents also cause sensory,behavioral,and cognitive deficits.However,the neural mechanisms underlying sensory impairment,especially vision impairment,remain unclear.It remains elusive whether the visual processing deficits originate from corrupted inputs,impaired perception in the primary sensory cortex,or altered integration in the higher cortex,and there is no effective treatment.In this study,we used a genetic knockout mouse model(Fmr1^(KO)),in vivo imaging,and behavioral measurements to show that the loss of Fmr1 impaired signal processing in the primary visual cortex(V1).Specifically,Fmr1^(KO) mice showed enhanced responses to low-intensity stimuli but normal responses to high-intensity stimuli.This abnormality was accompanied by enhancements in local network connectivity in V1 microcircuits and increased dendritic complexity of V1 neurons.These effects were ameliorated by the acute application of GABAA receptor activators,which enhanced the activity of inhibitory neurons,or by reintroducing Fmr1 gene expression in knockout V1 neurons in both juvenile and young-adult mice.Overall,V1 plays an important role in the visual abnormalities of Fmr1^(KO) mice and it could be possible to rescue the sensory disturbances in developed FXS and autism patients.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder calcium imaging fragile X syndrome primary visual cortex visual hypersensitivity

Directional tunings independent of orientation in the primary visual cortex of the cat

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2001年第5期44卷 513-523页

作者：陈垚李兵李宝旺刁云程 Laboratory of visual Information Processing Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China

A family of moving ‘random-line' patterns was developed and used to study the directional tuning of 91 single units in cat primary visual cortex (V1). The results suggest that, in addition to the well-known orientation-dependent mechanism, there is also some kind of orientation-independent mechanism underlying the direction selectivity. The directional tuning of the neurons varies in accordance with the increase of orientation or non-orientation element in the stimulus.

关键词： moving ’random-line’ patterns direction selectivity primary visual cortex cat.

Long-range horizontal interactions in cat primary visual cortex observed by optical imaging

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Long-range horizontal interactions in cat primary visual cor...

中国神经科学学会第六届学术会议暨学会成立十周年庆祝大会

作者： Wen Yun-qing, Zhang Ying. Bian Xi-ling Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031

A novel finding in the mammalian primary visual cortex is the extensive long-range horizontal connections within the superficial cortical layer. Using the optical imaging technique we have studied the spatial interactions between the neighboring areas in cat primary visual cortex. Three parallel rectangular gratings were used as stimuli. The gratings drifted within a horizontal window with 36?length and 2-5?height oriented either vertically or horizontally. They were either presented alone, or combined (two or

关键词： primary visual cortex spatial interaction horizontal connection optical imaging

Dual labeling of figural elements in primary visual cortex

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Dual labeling of figural elements in primary visual cortex

中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Minggui Chen Charles Gilbert Wu Li State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University The Rockefeller University

According to the "labeled line" theory in sensory processing,different neurons in the primary visual cortex（V1） register different local stimulus features;on the other hand,V1 neuronal responses can be affected by global stimulus context.Contextual influences in V1 have been interpreted to play diverse roles in mediating various center-surround interactions,but it is unclear whether the V1 signals conveying figural information defined by different stimulus contexts share similar properties.By examining the response properties of V1 neurons in monkeys detecting different forms of targets within complex backgrounds,we found that V1 plays a double role in stimulus labeling:registering the local stimulus attributes and marking the local elements within the global context as belonging either to the figure or to the background.The latter global labehng,which is superimposed on but can be dissociated from the local labeling,is independent of neuronal feature selectivities and of the global figural attributes when the sahency of the figure is fixed.For instance,when the figure to be detected was a global contour made of collinear lines embedded in randomly oriented tines,we could dissociate a general additive response component that was dependent on the global saliency of the contour but was independent of neuronal orientation selectivity and of the global contour orientation.Moreover,this additive effect was indistinguishable when the neuron’s receptive field was centered on any local element lying on the contour path,even if the element in the receptive field was in marked feature contrast with the other stimulus elements.However,the response component associated with the global labehng gradually faded when the luminance contrast between the background and the figure was increased,indicating dependence of the global labeling process on the complex background.The other forms of stimuli with global figure-ground configurations showed similar results,suggesting a general mechanism for figure-ground processing in V1.

关键词： primary visual cortex figure-ground segmentation global labeling additive effect

Environmental enrichment modifies ON-OFF visual processing in mouse primary visual cortex

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Environmental enrichment modifies ON-OFF visual processing i...

中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Dinghong ZHANG Haishan YAO Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Objective The information of light increments and decrements is processed by ON and OFF visual channels,which originate from the retina and converge for the first time in the primary visual cortex（V1）.Recent studies show that OFF-dominant neurons outnumber ON-dominant neurons in monkey and cat V1,and a study in our lab suggests that the OFF-dominance is matched to the prevalence of negative contrasts in natural images.However,it remains unclear whether the relative strength of ON and OFF responses is influenced by visual experience.In this study,we examined the effect of environmental enrichment（EE） on the ON and OFF responses in mouse V1.Methods Mice were reared in standard or enriched condition.Comparing to mice reared in the standard condition,enriched mice were reared in larger groups and stimulated by a variety of objects.We measured ON and OFF RFs of V1 neurons using two-dimensional sparse noise stimuli.Results We found that EE enhanced the degree of OFF-dominance in V1.The enhancement of OFF-dominance was observed across different cortical layers,and the effect can be observed in mice exposed to various durations of EE,including EE for 2 months,1 month,and 1 week.Conclusion Our results add to the literature that examines the influence of EE on brain function,and provide the first evidence that the relative strength of ON and OFF responses can be modified by sensory experience.

关键词： environmental enrichment primary visual cortex ON/OFF response

Retinal distribution of neurons with facilitatory and inhibitory eextra-receptive field in cat primary visual cortex

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Retinal distribution of neurons with facilitatory and inhibi...

中国神经科学学会第六届学术会议暨学会成立十周年庆祝大会

作者：魏薇宋雪梅中国科学院上海神经科学研究所中国科学院上海神经科学研究所

＜正＞Neurons in the primary visual cortex （V1） of cat have an extra-receptive fields （ERFs） beyond the classical receptive field （CRF） that can either inhibit or facilitate the response elicited by stimulation within the CRF. We have analyzed the retinal distribution of the ERFs for a total of 268 V1 cells in relation to the facilitatory/inhibitory property of the cells. Our results show that the cells with inhibitory ERF had a more central localization （relative to the fovea） of their CRF, and the cells with facilitatory ERFs are distributed mostly at the peripheral retina. This distribution, combining with the findings that neurons with facilitatory ERF respond preferentially to broad field homogeneous textures and neurons with inhibitory ERF are responsible to detecting differences in visual features, may suggests a center/surround differentiation of the retina in detecting object details with the central vision, and the uniform background using the peripheral vision.

关键词： retinal distributio primary visual cortex