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Effect of rare earth on primary carbides in H13 die steel and their addition method:a review

Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第3期31卷 531-551页

作者： Jing-feng Wang Lin-zhu Wang Chao-yi Chen Xiang Wang Fei Zhao School of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College Zhengzhou 450000HenanChina Guizhou Provincial University Key Laboratory of High Performance Battery Materials Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Shougang Guiyang Special Steel Co. Guiyang 550005GuizhouChina

Larger-sized primary carbides lead to stress concentration during the application of H13 hot-work die steel,resulting in microcracks and fatigue failure.Rare earth was usually added to modify the carbides and inclusions.The existing literature is reviewed on the effect of rare earth on primary carbides in H13 steel.A comprehensive review on the effect of rare earth on the characteristics of primary carbides,i.e.,number,size,morphology,and thermal stability in H13 steel,was done.The precipitation mechanism and nucleation of primary carbides with rare earth were summarized.The position and form of rare earth in steel and their effects on alloying elements segregation were reviewed.The addition techniques of rare earth in H13 steel were compared,and the prospects for other uncommon rare earth and emerging technology were present.Based on the current references,it can be known that adding rare earth facilitated refined and dispersed primary carbides.The size of primary carbides would be reduced,and their morphology would be improved because the rare earth inclusions formed in H13 steel can act as nucleation cores forγ-Fe orδ-Fe,refining the dendritic structure.Besides,the number of primary carbides at grain boundaries would be significantly reduced.However,rare earth had little impact on thermal stability.The nucleation of primary carbides tended to be inhibited due to the modification of inclusions by rare earth which were likely to be nucleation cores for primary carbides.Rare earth had been reported to affect the mechanism and process of primary carbide precipitation.Additionally,the addition of rare earth can inhibit the segregation of alloying elements and carbon diffusion by calculation.Thus,laboratory experiments and theoretical calcu-lations need to be conducted to study the states and evolution of rare earth steels.

关键词： Rare earth H13 die steel primary carbide Nucleation Dendritic structure

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Effect of Ti and rare earth on microsegregation and large-sized precipitates of H13 steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2021年第12期28卷 1591-1604页

作者： Fa Ji Rui Xu Yu-long Gao Qing-chao Tian Lu Wang Zhi-xia Xiao Fu-xing Yin School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel&Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China

Large-sized precipitates are fatal to the thermal fatigue of H13 hot work die steel.Different amounts of Ti and/or rare earth(RE)were added in H13 steel during electroslag remelting to improve the element segregation and refine the large-sized precipitates.The results show that as Ti content increases from 0.0032 to 0.057 wt.%,the segregation of Cr,Mo and V becomes more severe.V-rich M(C,N)carbides are shorter,and their branches are denser in 3D observation.Moreover,the number density of V-rich M(C,N)carbides with a size less than 2μm increases and that with other sizes decreases.In addition,Ti-rich MN nitrides with the size greater than 4μm increases significantly at high Ti content.When RE content increases from 0.0051 to 0.036 wt.%,the segregation of main alloying elements is first weakened and then aggravated.Compared with that in RE-free H13 steel,V-rich M(C,N)carbides are less developed in 3D observation,and the change in number density is similar to that of Ti-modified alloys.After composite modification of 0.024 wt.%Ti and 0.011 wt.%RE,the segregation of alloying element and V-rich M(C,N)carbides are not significantly improved.

关键词： H13 steel Segregation primary carbide Ti Rare earth Precipitate

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