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The effects of anthropogenic noise on nest predation with respect to predator species across different habitats and seasons

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 377-384页

作者： Xiaogang Yao Neng Wu Yan Cai Canchao Yang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve Suiyang 563300China

Noise pollution is a maj or component of sensory pollution that can disrupt the well-being and functioning of living organisms,affect a variety of life history traits in animals,and reduce their reproductive success.In this study,we used artificial nest experiments with noise manipulation to investigate the influence of anthropogenic noise on nest predation during the breeding and non-breeding seasons and in different forest habitats.We found that the noise treatment did not alter the predation rates or survival probabilities of birds in artificial nests.However,the diversity and species composition of nest predators in artificial pine forests varied between breeding and nonbreeding seasons,which may be explained by season-specific adaption of nest predators to bird nests or the unstable ecosystems of artificial forests.The diversity and species composition of nest predators differed between the different forests,probably because of differences in habitat heterogeneity.Predation time varied with treatment,season,and habitat,although most predators were nocturnal mammals.Niche segregation or changes in optimal foraging time may explain this phenomenon.

关键词： Artificial forest Artificial nest Predator diversity primary forest Secondary forest Sensory pollution

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Atlantic forest Hotspot: Why We Should Consider Mature forests a Conservation Priority in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Southeastern Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第1期13卷 69-83页

作者： Eduardo Hortal Pereira Barretto Eduardo Luís Martins Catharino Sã o Paulo City Herbarium S&atilde o Paulo SP Brazil Sã o Paulo Botanical Institute S&atilde o Paulo SP Brazil

The Atlantic forest is among the 35 hotspots on the planet, and yet few floristic or structural studies have been conducted on mature forest fragments of that biome in Brazil. In view of this knowledge gap and of the need to further comprehend the importance of conserving mature forests, we surveyed the arboreal component of three little-altered forest remnants from the S?o Paulo metropolitan region (SPMR), southeastern Brazil, and compared our data with the one from other phytosociological studies performed in the region. Mature forests showed a different floristic composition from one of young forests. Overall, the former has a higher number and percentage of threatened and endemic species than the latter, and also a higher exclusivity of occurrence of threatened species. In areas up to twice as smaller, mature forests have 1.5 to 4.3 times more endemic species to the Atlantic forest and up to 9 times more species threatened with extinction than young forests. These facts, along with the scarcity of remnants of mature forests, led us to consider such forests as hotspots within the Atlantic forest hotspot in the SPMR, as well as to categorize them as of high relevance for conservation.

关键词： Threatened Species Endemic Species primary forest Tropical forest forest Succession Biodiversity Phytosociology

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