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Specialist predator in a multi-species prey community:boreal voles and weasels

Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 51-63页

作者： Janne SUNDELL Hannu YLÖNEN Metapopulation Research Group Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Konnevesi Research Station Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland

Dissimilar vulnerabilities of different prey types and preferences of predators are factors likely to contribute to community dynamics.This may happen via differential individual properties of prey animals(e.***.vigilance,escape)or via habitat effects making hunting by a predator easier and more rewarding in some habitats,or both.Furthermore,community dynamics may be influenced by predator mediated apparent competition,in which an increase in one prey type has negative effects on another prey type indirectly via the shared predator.We summarize the current knowledge from the field in a model predator–prey system consisting of sympatric boreal vole species and their common specialist predator and review field studies using predator manipulation and studies on the responses of individuals in the laboratory and in outdoor enclosures.The vole species studied represent different prey types that are thought to have different vulnerabilities.Our observations on the main resident specialist predator,the least weasel(Mustela nivalis nivalis L.),show that it hunts according to prey availability and suitability of the hunting habitat.prey voles respond to the presence of the predator behaviorally in various ways to avoid predation.We conclude that even if the least weasel is a specialized predator of small rodents it acts like a generalist predator within the small rodent guild and may facilitate the coexistence of prey species via predator switching.This may lead to interspecific synchrony between prey populations,which has often been observed.We suggest that the processes determining the community impact of predator–prey interactions are driven by the behavioral arms race between the predator and the prey,together with the habitat-dependent density of prey and net gain for the predator.

关键词： apparent competition predator–prey interaction prey choice vole cycle

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Selecting the best:Interspecific and age-related diet differences among sympatric steppe passerines

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 611-622页

作者： Julia Zurdo Paula Gomez-Lopez Adrian Barrero Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa Julia Gomez-Catasús Margarita Reverter Cristian Perez-Granados Manuel B.Morales Juan Traba Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversidad Autonoma de Madrid(TEG-UAM)MadridSpain Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidady Cambio Global Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(CIBC-UAM)MadridSpain Ecology Department/IMEM“Ramon Margalef” Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Parental food provisioning is crucial for the growth and survival of offspring.Growth rate depends on food quality and food supplied to offspring may differ from what adults use for their own.In the case of steppe passerine birds,detailed characterization on nestling dietary composition,as well as prey choice and resource partitioning among species,is a pending subject.Dietary differences between nestlings and adults remain also largely unexplored.By using faecal DNA metabarcoding,we described the diet of nestlings and adults of five shrub-steppe passerine species over the 2017–2019 breeding seasons in central Spain.We also monitored arthropod availability in the field to assess dietary selection.We expected interspecific dietary differences to limit competition for food resources among sympatric species,as well as parental selection of high quality prey for nestlings.We also predicted age-related differences,with nestlings being fed nutrient-rich prey more frequently than adults.The main arthropod orders provisioned to nestlings were Orthoptera,Julida,Araneae and Lepidoptera.Nestlings of the different species showed high interspecific diet overlap,indicating both a coincidence in growth needs among bird species and no or little limitation of the most profitable resources during the breeding season.Adults of all species showed higher diet richness than nestlings,and age-related differences in prey composition were mainly driven by the selection of the most easily digestible,larger protein-and calcium-rich prey for nestlings,which may favour their rapid growth,and avoiding highly sclerotized and less nutritional prey such as ants.Our study sheds light on the basic ecology and conservation of these declining steppe birds,indicating that interspecific competition may not be a major factor during the breeding season.Given the current global decline of arthropods,further long-term research would be necessary,along with the implementation of effective conservation measures that ensure a sufficient availability of resou

关键词： 18S Faecal material Nestling diet prey choice Resource partitioning

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