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prey preference of the common long-armed octopus Octopus minor(Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) on three different species of bivalves

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第5期37卷 1595-1603页

作者： SONG Minpeng WANG Jinhai ZHENG Xiaodong Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China) Ministry of EducationQingdao 266003China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

Octopus minor is widely distributed along the northern coast of China. To date, there is little information on the prey selection process of this species. To understand this process, several experiments were carried out. Three types of bivalves, namely, Ruditapes philippinarum , Mactra chinensis , and Mytilus galloprovincialis , were used to observe the prey selection of O . minor and to analyze the potential causes of prey selection from three aspects: prey profi tability, adductor muscle tension and handling time. Under single-prey conditions, we found that the average (±SD) predation rates of O . minor on R . philippinarum , M . chinensis , and M . galloprovincialis were 1.73±0.50, 1.27±0.42, and 0.8±0.2/d, respectively. Under diff erent prey combinations, octopods actively selected one type of prey over the other(s), and the order of prey preference was R . philippinarum , followed by M . chinensis and lastly M. galloprovincialis . Furthermore, the shells of the consumed prey showed that O . minor only consumed bivalves by pulling them apart since there was no evidence of drill holes on the shells. The prey selection of O . minor was related to the prey profi tability and handling time;O . minor appeared to select preys with a higher profi tability and a shorter handling time. However, the diffi culty in opening the bivalve was not consistent with the prey preference of the octopods. These results suggest that O . minor prefers to consume R . philippinarum possibly due to a high profi tability and a short handling time that supports the optimum Foraging Theory.

关键词： Octopus minor bivalve prey preference prey selection prey profi tability

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Abundance and prey capture success of Common Terns(Sterna hirundo)and Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis)in relation to water clarity in south-east coastal Ghana

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 226-238页

作者： Lars H.Holbech Francis Gbogbo Timothy Khan Aikins Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaP.O.Box LG 67LegonAccraGhana Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Management University for Development StudiesBox TL 1882Nyankpala CampusTamaleGhana

Background: Water clarity may negatively influence rate of plunge diving and prey capture success of piscivorous plunge-diving birds, and therefore has implications for their conservation in polluted urban wetlands. We studied the relationship between water clarity and the abundance and prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis) and Common Terns(Sterna hirundo) in two polluted coastal waters of south-east Ghana—the Weija Lake and Densu Delta Ramsar ***: On each wetland, data on abundance and prey capture success of plunge-divers were collected in four spatio-temporal quadrats of 100 m × 100 m and analysed with concurrent measurements of water quality parameters using GLM regression with Pearson's correlation ***: Mean prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(34.7 e two species responded differently to water clarity. The± 13.1%) and Common Terns(35.3 abundance of Common Terns was± 11.0%) were similar but th significantly higher in less transparent/more turbid water while that of Pied Kingfishers showed no significant relationship with turbidity and transparency. In contrast, the prey capture success of Common Terns was neither related to transparency nor turbidity, as opposed to that of Pied Kingfishers which was significantly higher in more turbid/less transparent waters. Correlations between capture success and bird abundance, as well as capture attempts were insignificant, suggesting that increased fish abundance associated with cloudy water may not necessarily promote higher abundance and capture success of foraging birds. Thus, when foraging in less transparent water, capture success may depend more on predator avoidance by fish prey than lower prey detectability of foraging ***: Within a gradient of 15–51 cm transparency studied, lower water clarity did not constrain prey capture success of Common Terns and Pied Kingfishers. Further studies on the foraging ecology of plunge-divers in coastal Ghana are however r

关键词： Coastal Ghana Common Tern Pied Kingfisher prey capture success Water turbidity and transparency

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Park size and prey density limit occurrence of Eurasian Sparrowhawks in urban parks during winter

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 206-213页

作者： Claudia Schütz Christian H.Schulze Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of ViennaRennweg 141030 ViennaAustria

Background: Eurasian Sparrowhawks(Accipiter nisus) increasingly represent successful city-dwellers. Thereby, a rich food supply indicated by high numbers of small birds is believed to be the key driver for this bird-eating raptor species to settle in urban environments. However, as small passerine birds show particularly strong antipredator responses, sparrowhawks may not simply focus on patches of highest prey densities, but rather respond strategically to prey behavior, raising the importance of other parameters in determining the occurrence within urban ***: To deepen our knowledge on habitat requirements of urban sparrowhawks, bird surveys were carried out during winter between December 2005 and January 2017 in 36 city parks in Vienna, Austria. Besides food supply also park size, canopy heterogeneity and the connectivity with other green spaces were ***: Occurrence of sparrowhawks was positively affected by increasing park size, prey density and the interaction between both. Bird feeder density and park connectivity with other green spaces were of minor importance in explaining the presence of this species. Canopy heterogeneity didn't affect city park occupancy by Eurasian ***: Our results suggest that large city parks, particularly when characterized by high prey densities, substantially contribute to protect and preserve ecologically important bird species such as raptors within the urban environment—a landscape already struggling with biodiversity losses and functional homogenization.

关键词： Birds of prey Bird feeders prey abundance Habitat connectivity Tree cover Urban ecology

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prey and predators perceive orb-web spider conspicuousness differently: evaluating alternative hypotheses for color polymorphism evolution

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 559-570页

作者： Nathalia G.XIMENES Felipe M.GAWRYSZEWSKI Animal Colouration and Evolution Lab Departamento de ZoologiaInstituto de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade de BrasiliaBrasiliaDF70910-900Brazil Pos-Graduaqao em Ecologia e Evoluqao Universidade Federal de GoiasCampus SamambaiaGoianiaGO74690-900Brazil

Color polymorphisms have been traditionally attributed to apostatic *** perception of color depends on the visual system of the *** models predict that differently perceived degrees of conspicuousness by two predator and prey species may cause the evolution of polymorphisms in the presence of anti-apostatic and apostatic *** spider Gasteracantha cancriformis(Araneidae)possesses several conspicuous color *** orb-web spiders,the prey attraction hypothesis states that conspicuous colors are prey lures that increase spider foraging success via flower ***,polymorphism could be maintained if each morph attracted a different prey species(multiple prey hypothesis)and each spider mimicked a different flower color(flower mimicry hypothesis).Conspicuous colors could be a warning signal to predators because of the spider's hard abdomen and *** predators could perceive morphs differently and exert different degrees of selective pressures(multiple predator hypothesis).We explored these 3 hypotheses using reflectance data and color vision modeling to estimate the chromatic and achromatic contrast of *** morphs as perceived by several potential prey and predator *** results revealed that individual taxa perceive the conspicuousness of morphs ***,the multiple prey hypothesis and,in part,the multiple predator hypothesis may explain the evolution of color polymorphism in ***,even in the presence of anti-apostatic *** flower mimicry hypothesis received support by color metrics,but not by color vision *** parameters not evaluated by color vision models could also affect the perception of morphs and influence morph survival and polymorphism stability.

关键词： aposematism Araneidae Gasteracantha cancriformis luring prey attraction visual communication

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Pollutants and fish predator/prey behavior： A review of laboratory and field approaches

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 9-20页

作者： Weisi, Judith S. Candelmo, Allison Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA James Howard Laboratory Sandy Hook Highlands NJ 07732 USA

Fish behavior can be altered by contaminants. There is an extensive literature on laboratory behavioral assays, with many chemicals impairing feeding or predator avoidance. However, there is not extensive work on fishes that live in contami- nated environments. Therefore, we then review our recent research on feeding and trophic relations of populations from contami- nated estuaries compared with relatively unpolluted sites. The mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, is a non-migratory fish; those from more contaminated areas are poor predators and slower to capture active prey （grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio）. In the field, they consume much detritus and sediment, which is not nutritious. They are less active than fish from cleaner sites and more vulnerable to predation. They have altered thyroid glands and neurotransmitter levels, which may underlie altered behaviors Fish from the reference site kept in tanks with sediment and food from the polluted site showed bioaccumulation and reduced prey capture after two months, although fish from the polluted site did not show significant improvement when maintained in a clean environment. Poor nutrition and predator avoidance may be responsible for their being smaller and having a shorter life span than reference fish. Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix, are a marine species in which the young-of-the-year spend their first summer in es- tuaries. We found bioaccumulation of contaminants and reduced activity, schooling, and feeding in young-of-the-year bluefish from a relatively unpolluted site that were fed prey fish from a contaminated site. They also had altered thyroid glands and neuro- transmitter levels. Many field-caught specimens had empty stomachs, which is rare in this species. In the fall, when they migrate back out to the ocean, they are smaller, slower, and more likely to starve or to be eaten than those that spent their summer in cleaner estuaries [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 9-20, 2012].

关键词： Predator Feeding prey Pollution Activity Trophic

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Evolutionary modifications of Astyanax larval prey capture (LPC) in a dark environment

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 750-760页

作者： Luis Espinasa Ruth Diamant Ehud Vinepinsky Monika Espinasa School of Science Marist CollegePoughkeepsieNY 12601USA Depto.de Física Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaCiudad de México C.P.09310México Institut de Biologie de l’ENS(IBENS) Département de BiologieÉcole Normale SupérieureCNRSINSERMUniversitéPSL75005 ParisFrance SUNY Ulster Stone RidgeNY 12484USA

Feeding strategies of an organism depend on the multimodal sensory processing that most efficiently integrates available visual,chemosensory,and/or mechanoreceptive cues as part of their environmental *** blind cavefish morph of Astyanax mexicanus has developed sensory-dependent behaviors to find food more efficiently than their eyed,surface-morph counterparts while in *** the absence of light,adult cavefish have evolved enhanced behaviors,such as vibration attraction behavior(VAB),and changes in feeding ***,we identified evolved differences in cavefish larval prey capture(LPC)*** the dark,LPC is more efficient in cavefish than in surface ***,different cave populations express laterality in their LPC and strike towards prey preferentially located on their left or right *** suggests the occurrence,to some extent,of divergent LPC evolution among cave *** LPC can be triggered exclusively by a vibration stimulus in both surface and cavefish,we provide evidence that LPC is,at least partially,a multimodal sensory process different from adult *** also found that a lack of food may exacerbate the laterality of ***,we proposed a mathematical model for explaining laterality based on a balance between:(1)enlarged range of foraging field(behavioral or perceptive)due to asymmetry,(2)food abundance,and(3)disadvantages caused by laterality(unequal lateral hydrodynamic resistance when swimming,allocation of resources for the brain and receptors,and predator escape).

关键词： Astyanax Cave Troglobite Neuromast prey Asymmetry

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A mathematical study of a predator-prey model with disease circulating in the both populations

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2015年第2期8卷 1-27页

作者： Krishna Pada Das J. Chattopadhyay Department of Mathematics Mahadevananda Mahavidyalaya Barrackpore Kolkata 700120 India Agricultural and Ecological Research UnitIndian Statistical Institute 203 B. T. Road Kolkata 700108 India

Disease in ecological systems plays an important role. In the present investigation we propose and analyze a predator-prey mathematical model in which both species are affected by infectious disease. The parasite is transmitted directly （by contact） within the prey population and indirectly （by consumption of infected prey） within the predator population. We derive biologically feasible and insightful quantities in terms of ecological as well as epidemiological reproduction numbers that allow us to describe the dynamics of the proposed system. Our observations indicate that predator-prey system is stable without disease but high infection rate drive the predator population toward extinction. We also observe that predation of vulnerable infected prey makes the disease to eradicate into the community composition of the model system. Local stability analysis of the interior equilibrium point near the disease-free equilibrium point is worked out. To study the global dynamics of the system, numerical simulations are performed. Our simulation results show that for higher values of the force of infection in the prey population the predator population goes to extinction. Our numerical analysis reveals that predation rates specially on susceptible prey population and recovery of infective predator play crucial role for preventing the extinction of the susceptible predator and disease propagation.

关键词： prey predator disease in both populations reproduction number predation oscillation treatment.

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Size-dependent locomotory performance creates a behaviorally mediated prey size refuge in the marine snail Olivella sem istriata:a study in the natural habitat

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 57-62页

作者： Callie A.VEELENTURF Winfried S.PETERS Biology Department Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA Goldring-Gund Marine Biology Station Playa GrandeSanta CruzGuanacasteCosta Rica School of Biological Sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

The effects of the variability of individual prey locomotory performance on the vulnerability to predation are poorly understood,partly because individual performance is difficult to determine in natural *** gain insights into the role(s)of individual variation in predatory relationships,we study a convenient model system,the neotropical sandy beach gastropod Olivella semistriata and its main predator,the carnivorous snail Agaronia *** largest size class of *** is known to be missing from ***'s spectrum of subdued prey,although the predator regularly captures much larger individuals of other *** resolve this conundrum,we analyzed predation attempts in the *** *** attacked *** of all sizes,large prey specimens usually escaped by'sculling',an accelerated,stepping mode of *** semistriata performed sculling locomotion regardless of size,but sculling velocities determined in the natural environment increased strongly with ***,growth in size as such does not establish a prey size refuge in which *** is safe from ***,a behaviorally mediated size refuge is created through the size-dependence of sculling *** together,this work presents a rare quantitative characterization in the natural habitat of the causal sequence from the size-dependence of individual performance,to the prey size-dependent outcome of predation attempts,to the size bias in the predator's prey spectrum.

关键词： Escape response prey size refuge Locomotory performance Predator-prey size ratio Olivella semistriata Agaronia propatula

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Analysis of a predator-prey model with herd behavior and disease in prey incorporating prey refuge

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2019年第1期12卷 133-171页

作者： Sangeeta Saha G.P.Samanta Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur Howrah-711103India

In this work,we have introduced an eco-epidemiological model of an infected predator prey *** of prey refuge gives that a fraction of the infected prey is available to the predator for ***,to make the model more realistic to the environment,we have introduced strong Allee effect in the susceptible *** and positivity of the solution have been *** stability conditions of the equilibrium points have been found with the help of Routh-Hurwitz criterion and it has been observed that if a prey population is infected with a lethal disease,then both the prey(susceptible and infected)and predator cannot survive simultaneously in the system for any parametric *** disease transmission rate and the attack rate on the susceptible have an important role to control the system *** different values of these two key parameters,we have got only healthy or disease-free or predation-free or a fluctuating disease-free or even a fluctuating predator-free system with some certain parametric conditions.

关键词： Allee effect herd behavior infected prey refuge extinction bifurcations

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NONLINEAR SINGULARLY PERTURBED PREDATOR-prey REACTION DIFFUSION SYSTEMS

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2004年第1期19卷 57-66页

作者： MoJiaqi TangRongrong HuzhouTeachersCollege Zhejiang313000China

A class of nonlinear predator prey reaction diffusion systems for singularly pe rturbed problems are *** suitable conditions, by using theory of di fferential inequalities the existence and asymptotic behavior of sol... 详细信息

关键词： nonlinear predator prey reaction diffusion singular perturbation.

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