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Activity criterion of pre-existing fabrics in non-homogeneous deformation domain

Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第8期53卷 1115-1125页

作者： TONG HengMao CAI DongSheng WU YongPing LI XiaoGuang LI XuShen MENG LingJian State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Zhanjiang Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Zhanjiang 524057China Dagang Branch of China National Petroleum Corporation Tianjin 300280China Exploration and Development Institute Liaohe Oilfield Company of China National Petroleum CorporationPanjin 124010China

The Anderson's model can be applied only to elastic homogeneous deformation and cannot explain complicated phenomena of natural faults, which to a large degree limits the model to practical application. By combing the Coulomb-Mohr Criterion with the sandbox modeling and considering non-homogeneous deformation, mechanisms of how basement pre-existing fabrics control fault formation and evolution are analyzed and a mechanical factor, activation-coefficient (faS) of pre-existing fabrics, is proposed. It is determined by the attitude and mechanical properties of pre-existing fabric, and the stress state (the magnitudes and directions of the three principal stresses). The coefficient has taken the heterogeneity of rocks into account and may serve as a criterion for evaluating the activity of a pre-existing fabric. The Mohr-Coulomb Criterion is expanded to non-homogeneous deformation domain in terms of activation-coefficient (faS) of pre-existing fabrics, the general law of the activity of a pre-existing fabric is predicted, the fault complexity real of rift basin is revealed in theory, and the controlling law of basement pre-existing faults to fault formation and evolution is determined, and checked with sandbox modeling. A new way is provided for in-depth study of faulting.

关键词： Anderson’s model pre-existing fabric non-homogeneous deformation activation-coefficient sandbox modeling

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Damage and failure characteristics of rock similar materials with pre-existing cracks

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2019年第4期6卷 505-517页

作者： Xiaoyu Cheng China Coal Energy Research Institute Co. Ltd.Xi'an 710054People's Republic of China

In order to further study the damage and failure mechanism for rock similar materials,this study investigated the mechanical properties and failure characteristics,law of damage space development,and damage evolution characteristics for rock similar materials with pre-existing cracks of varying length under uniaxial compression *** equipment used in this study is the self-developed YYW-Ⅱ strain controlled unconfined compression apparatus and the PCIE-8 acoustic emission monitoring *** show that,as the length of pre-existing crack increases:(1) the peak and residual strength reduces,and the peak axial strain and the strain during the initial compression phase increases;(2) the major failure mode is changed from shear failure to tensile failure along a vertical plane that passes the middle of the pre-existing crack;(3) The damage increases during the stable and accelerated development stage,and the effect of the pre-existing cracks is more during the accelerated development stage than the stable development stage.

关键词： pre-existing cracks Rock similar materials Mechanical properties Acoustic emission localization Damage evolution

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Relationship between the pre-existing Active Kunlun Fault and Co-seismic Surface Ruptures Produced by the 2001 Mw 7.8 Central Kunlun Earthquake, China

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地球科学进展 2004年第3期19卷 368-372页

作者： LINAi-ruing InstituteofGeosciences，FacultyofScience，ShizuokaUniversity，836Ohya，Shizuoka422-8529，Japan

Field investigations allow to constrain the co-seismic surface rupture zone of ～400 km with a strike-slip up to 16.3 m associated with the 2001 Mw 7.8 Central Kunlun earthquake that occurred along the western segmentof the Kunlun fault, northern Tibet. The co-seismic rupture structures are almost duplicated on the pre-existing fault traces of the Kunlun fault. The deformational characteristics of the co-seismic surface ruptures reveal that the earthquake had a nearly pure strike-slip mechanism. The geologic and topographic evidence clearly shows that spatialdistributions of the co-seismic surface ruptures are restricted by the pre-existing geological structures of the Kunlun fault.

关键词： Earthquake Co-seiemic surface rupture Active fault pre-existing fault Seismogenic fault zone

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Relationship of pre-existing Maternal/Caregiver Acute Respiratory Infection in the Pattern and Risk of Acute Respiratory Infection among Infants in Rivers State, Nigeria

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2018年第10期9卷 787-798页

作者： A. S. Ibama I. N. S. Dozie O. C. Abanobi A. N. Amadi G. Iwuoha T. Jaja P. Dennis Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Rivers State Primary Health Care Management Board Port Harcourt Nigeria

History of upper respiratory tract infection in the mother or siblings was associated with higher risk of acute lower respiratory tract infection in cases. Most upper respiratory tract infections were caused by viral pathogens and likely to occur in many members of the family. The study aimed to determine the existence and pattern of relationship between risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among infants and exposure to pre-existing maternal/caregiver acute respiratory tract infection. The study was designed as a community-based Nested case-control study of 1100 infants randomly selected from 12 communities out of 6 Local Government Areas of the 3 senatorial districts of Rivers State. A multistage random sampling technique was used in selecting the subjects up to the community level. Descriptive method was used to represent the characteristics of the subjects and the differences in ARI between exposed and unexposed infants were tested in a bivariate logistics regression at 5% level of significance. Odds ratio (OR) was used to interpret the size effect measures of ARI on exposure to pre-existing maternal/caregiver ARI differences. A total of 275 Cases of ARI and 825 controls were included in the study. Among exposed infants (N = 104), ARI cases were found to be higher n = 80 (76.9%) than in control n = 24 (23.1%). Whereas, among unexposed infants N = 991, ARI cases were found to be lower n = 195 (19.7%) than in control n = 796 (80.3%). For the exposed infants, the odds for ARI were 13.5 times significantly higher compared to those of their unexposed counterparts (OR-Unadjusted = 13.52, (p pre-existing maternal/caregiver ARI via nursing care. Therefore, community-based sensitization programme on barrier nursing care techniques and personal hygiene practices should be on focus.

关键词： Acute-Respiratory-Infection Pattern Risk-Factor Maternal/Caregiver pre-existing Barrier-Nursing

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On the Reactivation of the pre-existing Normal Fault

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World Journal of Mechanics 2018年第5期8卷 210-217页

作者： Shuping Chen Zongpeng Chen State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin Austin USA

The reactivation of pre-existing faults is a common phenomenon in a basin. This paper discusses the relationship between the pre-existing faults and the newly formed Coulomb shear fractures regarding pore fluid pressures. Based on the Coulomb fracture criterion and Byerlee frictional sliding criterion, an equation relating pore pressure coefficient (λe), minimum dip angle (αe) of the reactive pre-existing fault and the intersection point depth (z) between the pre-existing fault and a newly formed Coulomb shear fault in an extensional basin, is established in this paper. This equation enhanced the understanding on the reactivation of pre-existing faults and can be used to calculate paleo-pore fluid pressures. The bigger the pore fluid pressure in a pre-existing fault is, the less the minimum dip angle for a reactive pre-existing fault will be. The minimum dip angle is less in shallow area than that in deep area. This will be of significance in petroleum exploration and development.

关键词： Coulomb Criterion Frictional Sliding Criterion pre-existing Fault Pore Fluid pressure Reactivation

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Bifid pancreatic tail as cause of acute pancreatitis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 480-481页

作者： Hanna Rafaela Ferreira Dalla Pria Rafael Andrade Santiago Fernanda Garozzo Velloni Giuseppe D’ippolito Department of Imaging Universidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Diagnos ticos da Ametica S.A.DASA. Sao PauloBrazil Grupo Fleury Sao PauloBrazil

To the Editor:Wepresentacaseofa22-year-oldwomanwithrecurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. The patient had no known risk factors such as history of alcoholism, smoking, pre-existing medical conditions, family member... 详细信息

关键词： pre-existing medicall dilatation or cholelithiasis

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Intraplate Strike-Slip Reactivation of the Sinnyeong Fault in the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin, Korea, Due to the Concentration of Later Compressional Stress

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2013年第3期1卷 12-17页

作者： Youngbeom Cheon Cheol Woo Song Son Kap Lee Jong-Sun Kim Moon Son Department of Geological Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea

This study focuses on the geometry and kinematics of the Sinnyeong Fault which is the most conspicuous fault among the WNW-trending Gaeum Fault System in the Gyeongsang Basin,SE Korea. The fault is traced for over ca.70 kmand has a consistent WNW-trending strike with a nearly vertical dip. It has an asymmetric fault damage zone of several meters to several tens of meters in width and a several meter-thick fault core. Its main movement is interpreted as sinistral-reverse oblique-slip or sinistral strike-slip under NE-SW compressional stress regime, although it could have experienced other faultings with different senses before/after this movement. Cylindrical folds, having the NW-trending fold axes of low angle plunge, are only observed along the southern damage zone of the fault with a continuous narrow width of several tens of meters. It is thus interpreted that the formation of the folds and sinistral movement of the fault were almost contemporaneously generated due to the concentration of the regional NE-SW compressional stress along pre-existing WNW-trending faults or densely populated fracture zone in a relatively stable intraplate region.

关键词： Sinnyeong Fault Sinistral-Reverse Oblique-Slip Compressional Stress pre-existing Fault

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