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Interrelationship of soil moisture and temperature to sylvatic plague cycle among prairie dogs in the Western United States

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 852-867页

作者： Cassandra D.PAULING Deborah L.FINKE Deborah M.ANDERSON Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Plague,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle,mainly in areas with temperate *** rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of *** the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(Muridae),and ground squirrels(Spermophilus)are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit *** particular,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread,which can lead to extirpation of colonies.A number of ecological parameters,including climate,are associated with these *** this study,we asked whether soil parameters,primarily moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were *** collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation,while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been *** analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of ***,the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.

关键词： plague prairie dogs soil moisture soil temperature sylvatic cycle Yersinia pestis

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Size and shape information serve as labels in the alarm calls of Gunnison＇s prairie dogs Cynomys gunnisoni

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 741-748页

作者： C. N. SLOBODCHIKOFF William R. BRIGGS Patricia A DENNIS Anne-Marie C. HODGE Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA Present Address: Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie WY82071 USA

Some animals have the capacity to produce different alarm calls for terrestrial and aerial predators. However, it is not clear what cognitive processes are involved in generating these calls. One possibility is the position of the predator： Anything on the ground receives a terrestrial predator call, and anything in the air receives an aerial predator call. Another possibility is that animals are able to recognize the physical features of predators and incorporate those into their calls. As a way of elucidating which of these mechanisms plays a primary role in generating the structure of different calls, we performed two field experiments with Gunnison＇s prairie dogs. First, we presented the prairie dogs with a circle, a triangle, and a square, each moving across the colony at the same height and speed. Second, we presented the prairie dogs with two squares of differing sizes. DFA statistics showed that 82.6 percent of calls for the circle and 79.2 percent of the calls for the triangle were correctly classified, and 73.3 percent of the calls for the square were classified as either square or circle. Also, 100 percent of the calls for the larger square and 90 percent of the calls for the smaller square were correctly classified. Because both squares and circles are features of terrestrial predators and triangles are features of aerial predators, our results suggest that prairie dogs might have a cognitive mechanism that labels the abstract shape and size of different predators, rather than the position of the predator [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 741-748, 2012].

关键词： Gunnison's prairie dogs prairie dogs Alarm calls Referential communication

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No evidence for enzootic plague within black-tailed prairie dog(Cynomys ludovicianus)populations

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 834-851页

作者： Rebecca E.COLMAN R.Jory BRINKERHOFF Joseph D.BUSCH Chris RAY Adina DOYLE Jason W.SAHL Paul KEIM Sharon K.COLLINGE David M.WAGNER Pathogen and Microbiome Institute Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA Environmental Studies Program University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA

Yersinia pestis,causative agent of plague,occurs throughout the western United States in rodent populations and periodically causes epizootics in susceptible species,including black-tailed prairie dogs(Cynomys ludovicianus).How *** persists long-term in the environment between these epizootics is poorly understood but multiple mechanisms have been proposed,including,among others,a separate enzootic transmission cycle that maintains *** without involvement of epizootic hosts and persistence of *** within epizootic host populations without causing high mortality within those *** live-trapped and collected fleas from black-tailed prairie dogs and other mammal species from sites with and without black-tailed prairie dogs in 2004 and 2005 and tested all fleas for presence of *** was not detected in 2126 fleas collected in 2004 but was detected in 294 fleas collected from multiple sites in 2005,before and during a widespread epizootic that drastically reduced black-tailed prairie dog populations in the affected *** and spatial patterns of *** occurrence in fleas and genotyping of *** present in some infected fleas suggest *** was introduced multiple times from sources outside the study area and once introduced,was dispersed between several *** conclude *** likely was not present in these black-tailed prairie dog colonies prior to epizootic activity in these *** we did not identify likely enzootic hosts,we found evidence that deer mice(Peromyscus maniculatus)may serve as bridging hosts for *** between unknown enzootic hosts and black-tailed prairie dogs.

关键词： black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus plague prairie dogs Yersinia pestis

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