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Sequence Comparison of MHCClassⅡβ(Exon 2)and Phylogenetic Relation-ship Between poultry and Mammalian

Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第4期4卷 299-309页

作者： XUmi-fu LIKui CHENGuo-hong QIANGBa-yang-zong MODe-lin LIChang-chun FANBin LIUBang LaboratoryofMolecularBiologyandAnimalBreeding CollegeofAnimalScienceandTechnologyHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityWuhan430070PR.China DepartmentofAnimalScienceandTechnology YangzhouUniversityYangzhou225009P.R.China DepartmentofAnimalHusbandryandVeterinary Collegeof4gricultureandAnimalHusbandryTibetanUniversityLinzhi860000P.R.China

A fragment spanning over exon 2 and intron 2 of major histocompatibility complex B-LB Ⅱ genes was amplified using PCR, cloned and sequenced in 13 individuals from eight Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and one introduced breed. Another 41 sequences of MHC class Ⅱ β from ten vertebrate species were cited from the NCBI GenBank. Thirteen new B-LB Ⅱ alleles were found in the chicken breeds sampled. Alignment of the exon 2 sequences revealed 91.1-97.8% similarity to each other within the chickens sampled, and the chickens shared 84.1-87.0% homology to Phasianus colchicus, 78.5-81.5% similarity to Coturnix japonica. The sequences in poultry showed 62.6-68.1% identity to HLA-DRB1, 50-61.5% similarity to DQB (HLA-, SLA- and H2-BB), 53.7-60% to HLA-DPB and 53.3-57.8% similarity to HLA-DOB. The frequency of nonsynonymous substitutions of nucleotide was higher than that of synonymous substitutions, and the frequencies of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions in poultry B-LB Ⅱ genes were lower than those observed in mammalian DRB1 and DQB1 genes. The deduced amino acid sequences of MHC class Ⅱ β1 domain exhibited extreme difference in conversed region and variable region patterns among the various species, but the two conserved cysteines forming disulfide-bond were shown consistent in poultry with that in mammalian species; and the carbohydrate attachment site was found more conserved in chicken, Homo sapiens, Bos taurus, Ovis aries and Capra hircus than in Sus scrofa and rodent animals. Compared with exon 2 of DQB1 genes of Homo sapiens, ruminant species and Sus scrofa, the differentia that the deletion of six nucleotides at position195 to 200 of exon 2 of DQB1 genes, and insertion of three nucleotides at position 247 to 249 of the exon 2 existed in rodent species were found, which led to the absence of three AA residues at position 65, 66, and 67 within β1 domain of DQB1 chain, and the insertion of one AA residue at position 85. The difference of the deletion of six nuc

关键词： Major histocompatibility complex Class Ⅱ β-chain Phylogenetic relationship poultry Mammalian Nucleotide deletion

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Corrigendum to“Methodologies for energy evaluation of pig and poultry feeds:A review”[Animal Nutrition volume 8(2022),185-203]

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 378-378页

作者： Jean Noblet Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct INRAE UMR 1348 PEGASE35590 St-GillesFrance School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

The authors have realized that an error repeated 4 times in this *** corrected version should be the following.

关键词： poultry corrected repeated

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poultry products and public health-a critical survey

Poultry products and public health-a critical survey

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The 15th World Veterinary poultry Congress

作者： Lüppo Ellerbroek Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Unit Food Hygiene and Safety ConceptsDiedersdorfer Weg 1D-12277 Berlin

＜正＞Incidents of food borne disease in humans have increased considerably worldwide in the last few years. Although the sources of infection are mostly unknown,poultry products have repeatedly been implicated. poultry can harbour different food borne *** reports during recent years have shown that Salmonella（specially ***）and Campylobacter *** the most common causes of human food borne bacterial diseases linked to ***,verotoxin producing Escherichia coli 0157:H7（VTEC） and several other micro organisms such as Clostridium perfringens and some Listeria species can also enter the human food chain via contaminated poultry *** relevance of these zoonotic pathogens in meat and eggs is becoming more important due to the prevalence of antibiotic resistant strain and their implications for human health. Because of the number of reported food borne human cases a strategy to reduce the incidence of human disease is the farm to fork approach where the elimination of the pathogen at the most appropriate stage in the food chain can be achieved,together with communication to the final consumer of residual risks and their *** the available means of risk reduction in the household do not substitute the risk management measures that are possible earlier in the food *** use of flock surveillance has already been introduced to meat hygiene and safe production of eggs. For egg production risks have to be considered during collection,transfer and *** the context of biosecurity,egg processing rooms and coolers are considered dirty areas because processing plants handle eggs from all flocks on the farm and may receive eggs from other *** egg processing plants are critical,receiving eggs and equipment（pallets,racks and fiats）from multiple sources,all of which could potentially bring infectious disease agents into one central location. Still the route of infection of zoonotic hazards in poultry is not full

关键词： zoonoses food borne hazards poultry food control risk

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Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 529-539页

作者： Sudhir Yadav Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources University of Hawaii at Manoa

poultry is widely produced and consumed meat *** demand is expected to continue increasing to meet the animal protein requirement for ever-increasing human ***,the challenge that poultry scientists and industry face are to produce sufficient amount of poultry meat in the most efficient *** the past,using antibiotics to promote the growth of poultry and manage gut microbiota was a ***,due to concerns over potential fatalistic impacts on food animals and indirectly to humans,their use as feed additives are banned or regulated in several *** this changed context,several alternative strategies have been proposed with some success that mimics the functions of antibiotics as growth promoters and modulate gut microbiota for their beneficial *** include the use of probiotics,prebiotics,organic acids,and exogenous enzyme,among *** microbiota and their metabolic products improve nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and overall health and growth performance of *** paper reviews the available information on the effect of feed additives used to modulate intestinal microbiota of poultry and their effects on overall health and growth *** these functions and interactions will help to develop new dietary and managerial strategies that will ultimately lead to enhanced feed utilization and improved growth performance of *** review will help future researchers and industry to identify alternative feed ingredients having properties like prebiotics,probiotics,organic acids,and exogenous enzymes.

关键词： Enzymes Microbiota Organic acids poultry Prebiotics Probiotics

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Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development, antioxidants, tight junctions, and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal Science University of Debrecen Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of Debrecen Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen

Methionine(Met) is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth. The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health. Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes, TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype, were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype. The treatment groups include the following: 1) control non-injected eggs(NoIn); 2) saline-injected(SaIn); 3) DL-Met injected(DLM); and 4) L-Met injected(LM). The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development; after hatching, eight chicks per group were sacrificed, and the jejunum was extracted for analysis. The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width, villus height, and villus area(P < 0.05) compared to the control. The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth, glutathione(GSH) content, glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3), occludin(OCLN) gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P < 0.05). The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) gene, tricellulin(MD2), occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development, and function, with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions. Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants, tight junction, and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development poultry

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Utilization of Pyrosequencing to Monitor the Microbiome Dynamics of Probiotic Treated poultry (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) during Downstream poultry Processing

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第7期8卷 675-691页

作者： Vamsy Priya Guttala Enrique G. Medrano Joey Bray Beatrice Clack Stephen F. Austin State University Department of Biology Nacogdoches USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service College Station USA

Antibiotic growth promoters that have been historically employed to control pathogens and increase the rate of animal development for human consumption are currently banned in many countries. Probiotics have been proposed as an alternative to control pathogenic bacteria. Traditional culture methods typically used to monitor probiotic effects on pathogens possess significant limitations such as a lack in sensitivity to detect fastidious and non-culturable bacteria, and are both time consuming and costly. Here, we tested next generation pyrosequencing technology as a streamline and economical method to monitor the effects of a probiotic on microbial communities in juvenile poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) after exposure to several microbiological challenges and litter conditions. Seven days and repeated again at 39 days following hatching, chicks were challenged with either Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, or no bacteria in the presence of, or without a probiotic (i.e., Bacillus subtilis) added to the feed. Three days following each of two challenges (i.e., days 10 and 42, respectively) the microbiome distributions of the poultry caecum were characterized based on 16S rDNA analysis. Generated PCR products were analyzed by automated identification of the samples after pooling, multiplexing and sequencing. A bioinformatics pipeline was then employed to identify microbial distributions at the phylum and genus level for the treatments. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that pyrosequencing technology is a rapid, efficient and cost-effective method to monitor the effects of probiotics on the microbiome of poultry propagated in an agricultural setting.

关键词： poultry Production Probiotics Pyrosequencing Mutiplex Identifier (MID) Microbiota

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Prediction of net energy of feeds for broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 241-250页

作者： Aye-Cho Tay-Zar Manoosak Wongphatcharachai Pairat Srichana Pierre-André Geraert Jean Noblet Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (CPF) Adisseo France S.A.S. INRAE

Net energy(NE) enables the prediction of more accurate feed energy values by taking into account the heat increment which is approximately 25% of apparent metabolizable energy(AME) in ***, application of NE in poultry industry has not been practiced widely. To predict the NE values of broiler diets, 23 diets were prepared by using 13 major ingredients(wheat, corn, paddy rice,broken rice, cassava pellets, full-fat soybean, soybean meal, canola meal, animal protein, rice bran, wheat bran, palm kernel meal and palm kernel oil). The diets were formulated in order to meet the birds' requirements and get a wide range of chemical compositions(on DM basis; 33.6% to 55.3% for starch;20.8% to 28.4% for CP, 2.7% to 10.6% for ether extract [EE] and 7.0% to 17.2% for NDF), with low correlations between these nutrients and low correlations between the inclusion levels of ingredients allowing for the calculation of robust prediction equations of energy values of diets or ingredients. These diets were fed to Ross 308 broilers raised in 12 open-circuit respiratory chambers from 18 to 23 d of age(4 birds per cage) and growth performance, diet AME content and heat production were measured, and dietary NE values were calculated. The trial was conducted on a weekly basis with 12 diets measured each week(1per chamber), 1 of the 23 diets(reference diet) being measured each week. Each diet was tested at least 8times. In total, 235 energy balance data values were available for the final calculations. Growth performance, AME(15.3 MJ/kg DM on average) and AME/GE(79.4% on average) values were as expected. The NE/AME value averaged 76.6% and was negatively influenced by CP and NDF and positively by EE in connection with efficiencies of AME provided by CP, EE and starch for NE of 73%, 87% and 81%,respectively. The best prediction equation was: NE =(0.815 × AME)—(0.026 × CP) +(0.020 × EE)—(0.024 × NDF) with NE and AME as MJ/kg DM, and CP, EE and NDF as % of DM. The NE prediction

关键词： Net energy Broiler poultry Feed evaluation Energy system

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Quantification of Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens within Commercial poultry Processing Water Samples Using Droplet Digital PCR

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Advances in Microbiology 2013年第5期3卷 403-411页

作者： Michael J. Rothrock Kelli L. Hiett Brian H. Kiepper Kim Ingram Arthur Hinton poultry Processing and Swine Physiology Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research Service Athens Georgia

Raw poultry and poultry products are a significant source of zoonotic bacterial pathogen transmission;thus the sensitive detection of major zoonotic pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes) is a vital food safety issue. Recently, third generation PCR technology, known as droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has been developed to be more accurate and sensitive to detect genetic targets than current quantification methods, but this technology has not been tested within an industrial setting. There is an on-going study within our laboratory is investigating the effects of sampling times and sampling methods on the cultural and molecular (via qPCR) quantification of dominant zoonotic pathogens within a poultry processing facility. This presents a unique opportunity to compare the quantification resulted from this emerging, third generation technology to traditional quantification methods currently employed by the poultry industry. The results show that ddPCR detected pathogen-specific genes from more pathogen:sampling time combinations than either the qPCR or culturing methods from the final scalder and chiller tanks at three stages of processing (Start, Mid, and End). In fact, both ddPCR and qPCR substantially outperformed culture methods commonly used in poultry processing food safety-related studies, with Salmonella recovered only from the Mid and End sampling times from the scalder tank. While neither C. jejuni nor L. monocytogenes were recovered culturally, ddPCR was able to detect their respective genes commonly throughout the processing day in both the scalder and chiller water samples. Additionally, the use of unfiltered processing water provided significantly greater detection of bacterial and pathogen-specific gene abundances than did an analysis of larger volumes of filtered water. Considering the ddPCR-derived concentrations of the bacterial pathogens were consistent with what was previously found culturally in commercial poultry

关键词： ddPCR poultry Processing Zoonotic Pathogens qPCR

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Differential Response of Biomass Production and Nitrogen Uptake of Vegetable Amaranth to Two Types of poultry Manure from Nigeria and Canada

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 694-711页

作者： F. T. Olatoberu M. K. Idowu J. A. Adepetu O. O. Akinremi Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Management Faculty of Agriculture Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife Nigeria Department of Soil Science University of Manitoba Manitoba Canada

Amaranthus cruentus is one of the sixty Amaranthus species of world. It is widely grown as a green leafy vegetable and for its grain in many tropical countries of Africa, Central and South American, Canada, Mexico and parts of Asia. Depleted soil fertility under intensive cultivation is a major limitation to production of the vegetable. The study investigated the effects of two types of poultry manure on biomass yield and nutrient uptake of Amaranth cruentus in a greenhouse at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada in 2011. The experiment was a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial arranged into a Randomized Completely Block Design and replicated three times. The factors were two soil types, two sources of poultry manure and urea, and N rates at 0, 60 and 120 kg⋅N⋅ha−1. Nitrogen uptake by the plants that treated with poultry manure from Canada (PMC) and Urea was 172.5 vs. 171.4 mg⋅pot−1 and 169.5 vs. 163.7 mg⋅pot−1 respectively which were significantly greater than the poultry manure from Nigeria (PMN), 100.6 mg⋅pot−1 and 110.0 mg⋅pot−1 for Red River and Glenhope soil series, respectively. Nitrogen uptake was similar at the N rates of 60 and 120 kg⋅N⋅ha−1 (140.7 vs. 155.6 mg⋅pot−1) in the Red River soil, while N uptake at 120 kg⋅N⋅ha−1 was greater than at 60 kg⋅N⋅ha−1 in Glenhope soil. Shoot dry matter of the vegetable grown in soils treated with PMC and urea was significantly greater than from PMN in Red River soil (10.1, 9.6 and 6.7 g⋅pot−1) and in Glenhope soil (8.8, 8.1 and 6.4 g⋅pot−1). Phosphorus, K, Ca and Mg uptake at 60 and 120 kg⋅

关键词： Amaranth poultry Manure Urea Soil Properties Biomass Yield and Nutrients Uptake

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Comparative analysis of the microbiome of sympatric wintering Bean Geese,Domestic Ducks,humans,and soil at Shengjin Lake of China reveals potential public risk to human health

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 279-286页

作者： Gang Liu Na Xu Chongyang Yu College of Life Sciences Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032China

The gut microbiota of migratory waterbirds is affected by various complex factors,including cross-species transmission,which increases the risk of pathogen spreading among sympatric animals and poses a potential public health risk to *** this study,we investigated the microbial communities of wintering Bean Geese(Anser fabalis),Domestic Ducks(*** domesticus),humans,and soil using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region in Shengjin Lake,*** total,6,046,677 clean reads were obtained,representing 41,119 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)across the four *** dominant microbial phyla were the Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidota,and *** Sorensen similarity index and alpha and beta diversity results showed that the gut microbial communities of Bean Geese and Domestic Ducks were more similar to those of the other *** analysis revealed that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Pseudomonas fragi,and Bradyrhizobium elkanii were hubs of the three major *** common microbiomes were iden-tified in Bean Geese,Domestic Ducks,humans,and soil in Shengjin Lake.A total of 96 potential pathogens were identified among the four groups,with 20 specific potentially pathogenic microbiomes found in the gut of Bean *** of these pathogens are responsible for significant financial losses in the poultry industry and pose risks to human *** pneumoniae,Morganella morganii,Escherichia coli,and Ralstonia insidiosa are potential core pathogens found in the four groups at Shengjin Lake that can cause diseases in humans and an-imals and facilitate cross-species transmission through various ***,humans are at risk of con-tracting these pathogens from migratory birds because of their frequent contact with domestic ***,further studies are required to explore the potential pathogenic species and transmission pathways among sympatric wintering Bean Geese,Domestic Ducks,humans,and soil.

关键词： Microbiome Migratory waterbird Pathogens poultry Sympatric species

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