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Heavy Metal Levels and Ecological risk in Crude Oil-Contaminated Soils from Okpare-Olomu, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 415-438页

作者： Adedoyin Olubunmi Bankole Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede Harrison Agboro Prince Alex Ekhorutomwen Osasenaga Israel Otuomagie Khadijah Ateda Isimekhai Ekaette Akpan Fadairo Efe Jeffery Isukuru Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology College of Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Department of Biology and Environmental Science College of Arts and Sciences University of New Haven West Haven USA Department of Chemistry University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria Department of Science Laboratory Technology Petroleum Training Institute Effurun Nigeria

Crude oil spills have inflicted extensive disruption upon the Niger Delta ecosystem, resulting in crop loss and severe environmental damage. Such spills exacerbate heavy metal concentration within soil due to the presence of metallic ions. The Okpare-Olomu community has borne the brunt of crude oil pollution from illicit bunkering, sabotage, and equipment malfunction. This study targets an evaluation of ecological hazards linked to heavy metals (HMs) in crude oil impacted agriculturally soils within Okpare-Olomu in Ughelli South LGA of Delta State. In this study, 24 topsoil samples were obtained from areas affected by crude oil pollution;the heavy metal content was evaluated through atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration ranges for HMs (mg/kg) in soil were: 24.1 - 23,174 (Cu);0.54 - 37.1 (Cd);9.05 - 54 (Cr);12 - 174 (Ni);18.5 - 8611 (Pb);and 148 - 9078 (Zn) at a soil depth of 0 - 15 cm. Notably, metal concentrations were recorded to be above permissible World Health Organization limits. Predominantly, Zn and Pb recorded higher heavy metal concentration when compared to other heavy metals analysed, notably at sampling points PT7 through PT24. Zinc and Pb contamination exhibited highly significant contamination factors, and contamination severity was evidenced across all sample points, signifying a grave risk level. Pollution load indices indicated pervasive extreme pollution levels. Geoaccumulation indices signaled moderate to strong pollution, mainly by Pb and Zn. Ecological risk assessments revealed variable levels of heavy metal contamination, from low to very high, with potential ecological risk reflecting markedly elevated levels. This study underscores the imperative for soil remediation to rectify ecological imbalances in agriculturally affected soil constituents.

关键词： Heavy Metals Crude Oil Pollution Degree of Contamination potential risk index

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A Longitudinal Study of Human Exposure to potential Nuclear Power Plant risk

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2015年第4期6卷 399-414页

作者： Dean Kyne Jason T.Harris Department of Sociology and Anthropology The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Health Sciences Purdue University

This study constructs a potential risk index(PRI) for the 65 U.S.-based commercial nuclear power plant(NPP) sites in relation to their surrounding populations. Four risk levels are defined: low risk, moderate risk,high risk, and very high risk. Discrepancies that exist in the sociodemographic characteristics of the host communities’ populations are examined as sorted by risk-level *** is found that a greater percentage of minority groups are exposed to the highest levels of risk. In addition, percent 'Hispanic' and percent 'Other,'a grouping that includes multiracial, mixed, interracial, as well as Hispanic and Latino groups(for example, Mexican, Puerto Rican,Cuban, or Spanish) are categories that show the greatest percent change in both the period 1990–2000 and2000–2010.

关键词： Environmental justice Nuclear power induced disaster Nuclear power plant potential risk index

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