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potassium deficiency inhibits steviol glycosides synthesis by limiting leaf sugar metabolism in stevia(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)plants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第11期20卷 2932-2943页

作者： SUN Yu-ming HUANG Xiao-lei ZHANG Ting YANG Yong-heng CHENG Xiao-fang XU Xiao-yang YUAN Hai-yan Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210014P.R.China College of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801P.R.China College of Arts and Sciences Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801P.R.China

The steviol glycosides(SGs)in stevia(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)leaves are becoming increasingly valuable due to its high sweetness but low calorific value,which is driving the development of stevia commercial *** fertilization management can effectively increase SGs productivity,but knowledge on the relationship between potassium(K)fertilization and SGs production is still *** this study,pot experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of K deficiency on SGs synthesis in stevia leaves,as well as the underlying *** results showed that when compared with standard K fertilization,K deficiency treatment has no significant effect on the biomass of stevia plant grown in a given soil with high K ***,K deficiency critically decreased leaf SGs contents as well as the expression of SGs synthesis-related *** contents of different sugar components decreased and the activities of sugar metabolism-related enzymes were inhibited under the K deficiency ***,spraying sucrose on the leaves of stevia seedlings diminished the inhibitory effect caused by K *** results also revealed the significant positive correlations between sucrose,glucose and SGs ***,our results suggest that K deficiency would suppress the synthesis of SGs in stevia leaves,and this effect may be mediated by the leaf sugar *** findings provide new insights into the improvement of SGs production potential.

关键词： Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni steviol glycosides potassium deficiency sugar metabolism

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Imbalance between nitrogen and potassium fertilization influences potassium deficiency symptoms in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 565-576页

作者： Jing Li Wenshi Hu Zhifeng Lu Fanjin Meng Rihuan Cong Xiaokun Li Tao Ren Jianwei Lu College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070HubeiChina

Chlorosis at leaf margins is a typical symptom of potassium(K) deficiency, but inappropriate application of K with other nutrients often masks symptoms of K deficiency. A two-year field experiment was conducted to measure the interactive effects of N and K on leaf photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation and the resulting growth dilution effect on K concentration and leaf K deficiency symptoms. N application aggravated the imbalance of N and K nutrients and further exacerbated K deficiency symptoms under K limitation. Synergistic effects of N and K promoted plant growth, amplified the growth dilution effect, and reduced the critical K concentration in leaves. Using 90% of the maximum shoot biomass as a threshold,the critical K concentration was 0.72% at the recommended N(N180) fertilization level. The critical K concentration increased by 62.5% owing to the reduced biomass under insufficient N(N;) supply. In contrast, high N(N;) reduced the critical K concentration(0.64%), accelerating chlorophyll decomposition and exacerbating K deficiency symptoms. The basis of changing the critical K concentration by magnifying growth dilution effect was the functional synergistic effect of N and K on photosynthetic characteristics. Under insufficient N, the low maximum carboxylation rate(V;) limited the net photosynthetic rate(An) and necessitated more K to maintain high CO;transmission capacity, to improve the total conductance g;/V;ratio. High N supply increased gtotand V;possibly mitigating the effect of K reduction on photosynthesis. In conclusion, it is unwise to judge K status of plants only by K concentration without accounting for crop mass(or dilution effect), critical K concentration and deficiency symptoms are affected by N fertilization, and the synergistic effect of N and K on leaf photosynthesis is the foundation of maximal growth of plants under diverse critical K concentrations.

关键词： potassium deficiency Nutrient equilibrium Dilution effect Critical K concentrations Photosynthetic characteristics

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Response of root morphology, physiology and endogenous hormones in maize(Zea mays L.) to potassium deficiency

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 785-794页

作者： ZHAO Xin-hua YU Hai-qiu WEN Jing WANG Xiao-guang DU Qi WANG Jing WANG Qiao College of Agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences

potassium （K） deficiency is one of the major abiotic stresses which has drastically influenced maize growth and yield around the world. However, the physiological mechanism of K deficiency tolerance is not yet fully understood. To identify the differences of root morphology, physiology and endogenous hormones at different growing stages, two maize inbred lines 90-21-3 （tolerance to K deficiency） and D937 （sensitive to K deficiency） were cultivated in the long-term K fertilizer experimental pool under high potassium （＋K） and low potassium （-K） treatments. The results indicated that the root length, volume and surface area of 90-21-3 were significantly higher than those of D937 under -K treatment at different growing stages. It was noteworthy that the lateral roots of 90-21-3 were dramatically higher than those of D937 at tasselling and flowering stage under-K treatment. Meanwhile, the values of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and oxidizing force of 90-21-3 were apparently higher than those of D937, whereas malondialdehyde （MDA） content of D937 was obviously increased. Compared with ＋K treatment, the indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） content of 90-21-3 was largely increased under-K treatment, whereas it was sharply decreased in D937. On the contrary, abscisic acid （ABA） content of 90-21-3 was slightly increased, but that of D937 was significantly increased. The zeatin riboside （ZR） content of 90-21-3 was significantly decreased, while that of D937 was relatively increased. These results indicated that the endogenous hormones were stimulated in 90-21-3 to adjust lateral root development and to maintain the physiology function thereby alleviating K deficiency.

关键词： potassium deficiency maize root morphology physiological variation endogenous hormone

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Effects of Different potassium Stress on Leaf Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Maize (Zea Mays L.) at Seedling Stage

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第1期7卷 44-53页

作者： Xinhua Zhao Qi Du Yue Zhao Huajie Wang Yanjie Li Xiaoguang Wang Haiqiu Yu College of Agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang China

Leaf early senescence caused by nutrition deficiency is one of the major limitation reasons in the world crop production. potassium (K) is one of important nutrient elements in crop growth, which modifies dozens of enzyme activations and controls stomatal movement of photosynthesis. The yield and quality of maize (Zea Mays L.) have been limited due to K deficiency in plough layer soil. However, the mechanism of K deficiency tolerance is not fully understood in maize. In this study, two inbred lines, 099 (tolerance to potassium deficiency) and 835 (sensitive to potassium deficiency) were carried out to investigate the variations of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related with senescence under different K+ concentrations in maize at seedling stage. The results showed that the Chlorophyll a, b and (a + b) of 835 were significantly decreased under different K deficiency treatments, whereas those of 099 were remained normal. In addition, 099 showed a lower stomatal restriction and higher electronic transition capacity under different K deficiency treatments. The variations of F0, Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡ, qP and NPQ in 835 were largely higher than those in 099. These results indicated that the inbred line 099 tolerance to K deficiency could keep chlorophyll content to maintain photosynthesis and to alleviate the injury of PSII under K deficiency condition. This study should contribute to explaining the physiological mechanism tolerance nutrition deficiency and improving breeding program in maize.

关键词： potassium deficiency Maize Leaf Senescence Photosynthetic Parameters Chlorophyll Fluorescence

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