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Minerogenic Theory of the Superlarge Lop Nur potash deposit, Xinjiang, China

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第1期79卷 53-65页

作者： WANGMili LIUChenglin JIAOPengcheng YANGZhichen InstituteofMineralResources ChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences26BaiwanzhuangRoadBeijing100037 InstituteofMineralResources ChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences26BaiwanzhuangRoadBeijing100037／／ DepartmentofEnvironmentandPhysicalGeographySchoolofEnvironmentPekingUniversityBeijing100871

Located in the eastern part of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang, the Lop Nur was an ultimate water catchment area of the Tarim basin during the Quaternary. Through nearly ten years of investigation and research, the authors have found a superlarge brine potash deposit in the Luobei subbasin—a secondary basin of the Lop Nur depression. The deposit has been mined now. On that basis, the authors propose new theories on the genesis of the potash rock deposit. In the tectonic and geomorphologic contexts, the Tarim basin lies in a 'high mountain-deep basin' environment. At the beginning of the Quaternary, influenced by the neotectonic movement, the Lop Nur evolved into a 'deep basin' in the Tarim basin. At the end of the middle Pleistocene, neotectonic migration began to take place in the interior of the Lop Nur and a new secondary deep basin—the Luobei subbasin—formed gradually. Despite its small area, it is actually the deepest subbasin in the Lop Nur depression, where brines of the Lop Nur Salt Lake gather and evaporate, thus providing materials for the formation of a superlarge brine potash rock deposit. With respect to the phenomenon of brine concentration and change with deepening of the lake, the authors propose a model of 'high mountain-deep basin' tectonic migration for potash concentration. In the sedimentological context, the honeycomb-shaped voids developed in glauberite rock in the subbasin are good space for potash-rich brine accumulation. Study indicates that the deposition of glauberite requires recharge of calcium-rich water. In the Tarim area the calcium-rich water might come from deep formation water or oilfield water, and the river water recharging the Lop Nur Salt Lake was rich in sulfate radicals and other components; in addition, the climate in the area was very dry and the brine evaporated steadily, thus resulting in deposition of substantial amount of glauberite, potash accumulation in intercrystal brine and final formation of the potash deposit. General

关键词： Lop Nur potash deposit glauberite high mountain-deep basin tectonic migration two-stage potash formation

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A Multi–fluid Constrain for the Forming of potash deposits in the Savannakhet Basin: Geochemical Evidence from Halite

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第2期92卷 755-768页

作者： REN Qianhui DU Yongsheng GAO Donglin LI Binkai ZHANG Xiying LIU Xiuting YUAN Xiaolong Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Geology and Environment of Salt Lake University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Khorat Plateau on the Indochina Terrane is known to have formed during the closure of the Tethys Ocean, although the origin of its potash mineral deposits is a topic of current debate. Data from a borehole on Savannakhet Basin is used in this study to re-define the evaporation processes of the study area. Geochemical analyses of halite from various borehole-derived evaporite strata have elucidated the fluid sources from which these ores formed. Measured δ11 B indicated that ore deposits formed primarily due to evaporation of seawater, although non-marine fluids affected the later stages of the evaporation process. Fluctuations in B and Br concentrations in carnallite-and sylvite-rich strata indicate the influence of fresh water. Boron concentration in carnallite unit indicated the influence of hydrothermal fluids. From the relative timings of these various fluid influxes, the evolution of these evaporates can be divided into four stages:(1) an initial marine evaporation at the beginning of the deposit’s formation, where seawater(and minor fresh water) trapped on the uplifted Khorat Plateau produced sediments and salts with Br contents lower than those of normal marine-derived evaporites;(2) a transgression stage, where seawater recharged the basin;(3) a hydrothermal infiltration stage, which was coeval with the late Yanshan movement; and(4) a stage of fresh water supply, as recorded by fluctuations in B and Br contents, inferring intermittent fresh water influx into the basin. Thus, although evaporites on the Savannakhet Basin primarily formed via marine evaporation, they were also influenced to a significant degree by the addition of non–marine fresh water and hydrothermal fluids.

关键词： Savannakhet Basin potash deposit boron isotopes geochemistry

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The characteristics, formation and exploration progress of the potash deposits on the Khorat Plateau, Thailand and Laos, Southeast Asia

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China Geology 2020年第1期3卷 67-82页

作者： Li-jian Shen Nuchit Siritongkham Ministry of Natural Resources Key laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Mineral Resources Division Department of Mineral ResourcesMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment75/10 RamaⅥRoadRatchathewiBangkok 10400Thailand

The giant potash deposit on the Khorat Plateau is one of the most promising targets for exploitation of potassium *** far,many researches and geologic survey have been conducted on the giant potash ***,it is necessary to make an overall review on the potash *** potash deposit on the Khorat Plateau was formed during the Middle to Late Cretaceous,during which seawater was enriched in Ca2+and depleted in SO42-compared with those of modern *** addition to seawater,continental water and hydrothermal fluids could have affected the evaporite *** seawater was probably derived from Tethys ocean,and the brine should have evaporated to some extent before entering into the basin systems based on the evidence of absence of carbonates and unproportionate sulphate compared with chloride *** paleo-climate during Middle to Late Cretaceous was characterized as high temperature and extremely arid environment,which is favourable for deposition of potassium-magnesium saline *** major saline minerals are of anhydrite,halite,carnallite,sylvite and,tachyhydrite,with trace amounts of *** resources of the potash deposit on the Khorat Plateau could be approximately as much as 400×109 t of carnallite and 7×109 t of *** evaporite sequences have been deformed and altered by postdepositinal processes,including tectonic movements and chemical *** domes were formed in the postdepositional *** on the analyses of geophysical surveys and drilling projects,high-quality sylvinite ores are commonly found at the flanks of those salt domes due to incongruent dissolution of *** furure potential prospecting areas for the highquality sylvinite ores would be on the edges of the Khorat Plateau.

关键词： potash deposit Cretaceous Formation model Seawater Post-depositional alteration Potential exploration target Mineral exploration engineering Thailand Laos Southeast Asia

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Strontium and boron isotopic constraint on the marine origin of the Khammuane potash deposits in southeastern Laos

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Science Bulletin 2010年第Z2期 3181-3188页

作者： TAN HongBing 1,2,MA HaiZhou 3,LI BinKai 3,ZHANG XiYing 3 &XIAO YingKai 3 1School of Earth Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China 3Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China

Since 2006,we have conducted a geological exploration of the Khammuane area in southeastern *** thick sequences of potash deposits containing sylvite and carnallite were discovered from drilling Paleocene strata of the Thangon Formation(E1tg).To constrain the origin of the brine that formed thick sequences of salt mineral deposits,we measured the strontium and boron isotope composition of some salt minerals in the potash *** isotope composition of halite-and potash-associated minerals in the Khammuane potash deposit varied from 19.91%to 31.01‰,which differs significantly from continental evaporates(-6.83‰--5.79‰)but is very close to that of salts precipitated from evapo-concentrated seawater(10‰-36‰).The 87Sr/86Sr ratios(0.707542 to 0.709461)of salts were also close to the values of Paleocene seawater(0.70772 to 0.707830).The content of Br-(0.01%-0.25%)and Br×103/Cl ratios(0.10-0.52)of halite were>10 times higher than that of common continental *** characteristics indicate clearly that the Laos potash deposits were deposited from *** small variation in boron and strontium isotopes in all salt sedimentary sequences(gypsum-halite-potash-halite)also suggests that the recharge source should be stable and the effects of other continental water mixing are ***-scale potash deposits are commonly precipitated from ***,the results of recent regional drilling work and geochemical research suggest extensive potash resources could occur in the Thangon Formation of southeastern Laos.

关键词： potash deposit strontium isotope boron isotope marine origin Laos

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