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Association of liver cirrhosis related IgA nephropathy with portal hypertension

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第43期13卷 5783-5786页

作者： Georgios Kalambokis Leonidas Christou Dimitrios Stefanou Evdokia Arkoumani Epameinondas V Tsianos Division of Internal Medicine and Hepato-gastroenterology Unit University Hospital Ioannina Greece Department of Pathology University Hospital Ioannina Greece

A high incidence of IgA nephropathy has been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis, though, clinically evident nephrotic syndrome is very uncommon. Impaired hepatic clearance of circulating IgA immune complexes and subsequent deposition in renal glomeruli has been considered principally in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis associated IgA nephropathy. Here we report on a patient with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis and splenic vein thrombosis, who presented with nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy showed findings consistent with IgA nephropathy. Lower endoscopy showed features of portal hypertensive colopathy. Following initiation of propranolol and anticoagulant treatment to reduce portal pressure, a gradual decrease of proteinuria and hematuria to normal range was noted. The potential pathogenetic role of portal hypertension in the development of IgA nephropathy in cirrhotic patients is discussed.

关键词： IgA nephropathy Nephrotic syndrome portalhypertension Liver cirrhosis

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Role of self-expanding metal stents in the management ofvariceal haemorrhage:Hype or hope?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第1期8卷 23-29页

作者： Brian J Hogan James P O’Beirne Institute for Liver and Digestive Health UCLRoyal Free HospitalLondon NW3 2QGUnited Kingdom the Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre Royal Free London NHS Foundation TrustRoyal Free HospitalLondon NW3 2QGUnited Kingdom

Despite the advances of medical,endoscopic and radiological therapy over recent years the mortality rates of acute variceal haemorrhage are still 16%-20% and the medium term outcome has not improved in the last 25 years. Early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt has proved to be an effective therapy for selected groups of patients with a high risk of re-bleeding and moderate liver disease. However,there is an unmet need for a therapy that can be applied in patients with a high risk of re-bleeding and advanced liver disease either as definitive therapy or as a bridge to permanent therapy. Selfexpanding metal stents can be placed without the need for endoscopic or fluoroscopic control and,once in place,will provide effective haemostasis and allow a route for oral fluids and nutrition. They can remain in place whilst liver function recovers and secondary prophylaxis is initiated. We review the results of 6 case series including a total of 83 patients and the first randomised controlled trial of self-expanding metal stents vs balloon tamponade(BT) in the management of refractory variceal haemorrhage. We report that self-expanding metal stents provide effective haemostasis and perform better than BT in refractory bleeding,where they are associated with fewer complications. Whilst the most effective place for self-expanding metal stents in the management algorithm needs to be determined by further randomised controlled trials,currently they provide an effective alternative to BT in selected patients.

关键词： Esophageal and gastric varices Stents Liver cirrhosis Gastrointestinal haemorrhage portalhypertension

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