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Organic matter pore characteristics of over-mature marine black shale: a comparison of organic fractions with different densities

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第1期17卷 310-321页

作者： Shitan NING Peng XIA Niuniu ZOU Yi ZHONG Yin YU Yuliang MOU Ke WANG College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 500025China Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment Ministry of Education Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 500025China School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China

Organic matter pores are considered to be the most important type of pore for preserving hydrocarbon gases in shale gas *** organic matter in each over-mature marine shale sample was separated into two organic fractions with densities of greater than and less than 1.25 g/cm^(3),and then their molecular compositions and pore characteristics were quantitatively evaluated using solid state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and gas(N2 and CO_(2))adsorption analyses,*** results revealed that aromatic carbon is the dominant molecular composition of the over-mature organic matter in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang *** the over-mature stage,the organic fractions with densities of greater than and less than 1.25 g/cm^(3) have no significant differences in molecular *** organic fractions with densities of greater than and less than 1.25 g/cm^(3) do have significant differences in their organic pore *** contrast to the high density organic fraction,the low density fraction contained abundant micropores and lacked mesopores and *** organic pore structures of the different occurrence states of organic matter were significantly *** C/O of organic matter in different occurrence states are obviously different,which proves that the organic pore structure is closely related to both the occurrence state and density of the organic ***,these relationships are still unclear and require further study.

关键词： pore characteristics organic matter black shale Early Cambrian Yangtze Block

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Favorable lithofacies and pore characteristics of the Permian Longtan Formation shale in the southern Sichuan Basin

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 210-219页

作者： Ya'na Chen Kai Yang Wei Wu Yuran Yang Xue Yang Kai Ma Hangzhou Geological Research Institute PetroChinaHangzhouZhejiang310023China Earth Exploration and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduSichuan610059China Shale Gas Research Institute of Southwest Oil&Gas Field PetroChinaChengduSichuan610000China Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduSichuan610059China

The marine–continental transitional shale (MCTS) reservoirs of the Longtan Formation (LTF) are widely distributed in the Sichuan Basin. However, the LTF shale exhibits considerable variations in mineral composition and pore characteristics, which makes identifying the 'sweet spot'a challenging task. To address this issue, 10 samples from four typical shale gas wells in the LTF in the southern Sichuan Basin were selected and analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) content, whole-rock composition using X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-pressure gas adsorption, and high-pressure mercury intrusion. The lithofacies distribution and pore structure of the MCTS were studied to determine the pore structural characteristics and the primary factors influencing pore formation in different types of shale lithofacies in the LTF. The lithofacies of the LTF shale in the study area can be classified into three categories: siliceous clay shale, clay shale and mixed shale. Mineral content has a significant impact on the pore characteristics, while TOC content has a minor effect on the pore volume and specific surface area of micropores and mesopores. It can be inferred that the mesopores in the MCTS are mainly related to clay mineral pores, and mineral dissolution and TOC content are not the primary factors contributing to pore formation.

关键词： pore characteristics Sweet spot Favor able lithofacies Marine-coninental transitional shale Longtan Fomaion si chuan Basin

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pore characteristics and Factors Controlling Lacustrine Shales from the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation of the Songliao Basin,Northeast China:A Study Combining SEM,Low-temperature Gas Adsorption and MICP Experiments

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第2期95卷 585-601页

作者： HAN Hui DAI Jie GUO Chen ZHONG Ningning PANG Peng DING Zhengang CHEN Jianping HUANG Zhenkai GAO Yuan LUO Jinyu LI Qirui ZHANG Zhaokun School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Chengdu Center China Geological SurveyChengdu 610081China Key Laboratory of Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Natural ResourcesChengdu 610081China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource&Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Cooperative Innovation Center of Shale Gas Resources and Environments Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 1000S 3China Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis Beijing 100089China

To investigate pore characteristics and the factors controlling lacustrine shales,geochemical,mineralogical and petrophysical experiments were performed on 23 shale samples from the Qingshankou Formation of the Songliao Basin,China.A comparison of mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP)and low-temperature N2 adsorption pore-size distribution showed that MICP has a higher pore-size distribution(PSD)line in its overlapping pore diameter range,which may be elevated by the higher pressure of ***,in the overlapping range,low-temperature N2 adsorption data were preferred in pore *** correlations were observed between pore volumes and TOC content,indicating organic matter pores are not well-developed in the studied *** may be related to their low grade of maturity and type I *** existed negative relationships between pore volumes and S1,which illustrated that liquid hydrocarbons occupied some pore *** volume had a better correlation with S1 than mesopore and macropore volumes,which suggests that liquid hydrocarbons preferentially occur in *** obvious relationships between pore volumes and quartz or feldspar were observed,while pore volumes increased with the increasing clay mineral *** relationships indicate that intraparticle pores in clay minerals represent the principal pore type.

关键词： lacustrine shales pore characteristics clay mineral shale oil Upper Cretaceous Songliao Basin

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pore characteristics of the Fine-Grained Tight Reservoirs in the Yabulai Basin, Northwestern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第3期92卷 1170-1192页

作者： ZHANG Shaomin CAO Yingchang Jens JAHREN ZHU Rukai MAO Zhiguo XI Kelai Kashif MUHAMMAD Helge HELLEVANG School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 Shandong China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071 Shandong China Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Beijing 100083 China

This work investigated the pore structure characteristics and reservoir features of the finegrained tight reservoirs in the lower member of the Xinhe Formation(J2x1) in the Xiaohu subsag,Yabulai Basin based on core samples through various techniques. Interbedded silt/fine sandstones and mudstones are developed in the study area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images were used to delineate different types of pores, including primary intergranular pores, secondary intergranular and intragranular pores, organic pores and fractures. The pore types were distinguished by pore size, pore area, location and formation process. The pore radii of the fine-grained rocks range from 1 nm to 1.55μm, mainly concentrated between 5 and 300 nm by low pressure N2adsorption and MICP analyses. The pore structure parameters of pore throat size and pore throat sorting coefficient are both positively correlated with porosity, while pore throat sorting coefficient has a negative correlation with permeability. The pore structures of the studied samples are much related to the mineral type and content and grain size, followed by TOC content. In these rocks with relatively low TOC and low maturity, the rigid minerals protect pores with pressure shadow from collapse, and dissolution-related pores contribute a lot to inorganic porosity. In contrast, these rocks with abundant TOC contain a large number of organic pores. The permeability of the fine-grained tight reservoir is mainly dominated by larger pore throats, while a large number of small pores(mostly <0.1 μm) contribute considerably to porosity. These results have deepened our understanding of the interbedded fine-grained tight reservoirs and can be applicable to fine-grained reservoirs in a similar setting.

关键词： pore characteristics reservoir property fine-grained tight reservoirs Xinhe Formation Yabulai Basin China

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The influence of pore characteristics on rock fragmentation mechanism by high-voltage electric pulse

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Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第5期25卷 116-130页

作者：刘伟吉张有建祝效华罗云旭 School of Mechatronic Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500People’s Republic of China Geothermal Energy Research Center Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500People’s Republic of China

High-voltage electric pulse(HVEP)is an innovative low-energy and high-efficiency ***,the underlying physics of the electrical breakdown within the rock,and the coupling mechanism between the various physical fields involved in HVEP still need to be further *** this study,we establish a 2D numerical model of multi-physical field coupling of the electrical breakdown of porous rock with randomly distributed pores to investigate the effect of pore characteristics(porosity,pore media composition)on the partial electrical breakdown of rock(*** generation of a plasma channel inside the rock).Our findings indicate that the generation of a plasma channel is directionally selective and extends in the direction of a weak electrical breakdown *** the porosity of the rock increases,so does the intensity of the electric field in the‘electrical damage’region—the greater the porosity,the greater the effectiveness of *** the fraction of pore fluid(S_(water)/S_(air))gradually declines,the generation time of the plasma channel decreases,and the efficacy of rock-breaking by HVEP *** addition,in this study,we conducted an indoor experiment utilizing an electric pulse drill to break down the rock in order to recreate the growth mode of the plasma channel in the ***,the experimental results are consistent with the simulation *** addition,the development of this type of partial electrical breakdown is confirmed to be related to electrode polarity and pore characteristics via the experiment of the symmetrical needle-needle electrode arrangement,which further demonstrates the mechanism of partial electrical *** research is significant for comprehending the process of electric impulse rock-breaking and gives theoretical guidance and technological support for advancing electric impulse drilling technology.

关键词： high-voltage electric pulse pore characteristics electrical breakdown porous rock plasma channel electrical breakdown test

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The effect of swelling agent on the pore characteristics of mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2015年第3期25卷 185-190页

作者： L.Bakhtiari J.Javadpour H.R.Rezaie M.Erfan M.A.Shokrgozar School of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences National Cell Bank of Iran Pasteur Institute of Iran

The effect of swelling agent on the physicochemical properties of mesoporous hydroxyapatite particles synthesized by self-assembly process has been investigated. Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) and 1-dodecanethiol were used as soft template and swelling agent respectively. The results of the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), simultaneous thermal analysis(STA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface area, small-angle X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)assessments revealed that in the case of low concentration, 1-dodecanethiol performed as swelling agent and caused an increase in the pore size. However, at higher concentrations it led to the formation of microemulsion and foamy structures. The optimum swelling agent: surfactant mass ratio in synthesis of mesoporous hydroxyapatite particles with high pore volume was determined to be around 2.1 in this study.

关键词： Mesopore Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Swelling agent pore characteristics

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characteristics of microscopic pore heterogeneity and development model of Wufeng‒Longmaxi Shales in the Pengshui area of south-east Chongqing

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第1期18卷 188-203页

作者： Lu SUN Zhigang WEN Guisong HE Peixian ZHANG Chenjun WU Liwen ZHANG Yingyang XI Bo LI College of Resources and Environment Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Sinopec East China CompanyNanjing 210011China

Normal-pressure shale gas reservoirs are widely distributed in south-eastern Chongqing and show good potential for resource *** paper reports the organic matter(OM),physical,and pore characteristics,mineral composition,and gas content of representative shale samples from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Member 1 of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(Long 1 Member).Microscopic pores within different shale layers of the Long 1 Member were classified,quantitatively evaluated,and their development mechanisms were systematically *** found that OM characteristics,mineral composition,and pore type were the main factors affecting the enrichment and preservation of shale *** characteristics of the Long 1 Member are mainly controlled by changes in the sedimentary *** are evident differences in total organic carbon content and mineral composition vertically,leading to a variable distribution of pores across different *** matter abundance controls the degree of OM pore development,while clay minerals abundance control the development of clay mineral-related *** organic carbon content generally controls the porosity of the Long 1 Member,but clay minerals also play a role in OM-poor *** connectivity and permeability are influenced by the development of pores associated with brittle *** propose a microscopic pore development model for the different *** geochemical data and this pore development model,layers 1‒4 are considered to be excellent shale gas preservation and enrichment *** preservation conditions in layers 5‒7 result in high levels of shale gas *** 8‒9 possess a better sealing condition compared with layers 5‒7 and are conducive to the enrichment and preservation of shale gas,and can thus be used as future potential target *** research provides a theoretical basis for exploring and evaluating shale gas potential in the studied region or other co

关键词： shale gas pore characteristics Longmaxi Formation reservoir model

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Improvements on physical conditions of bauxite residue following application of organic materials

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第6期34卷 198-208页

作者： Ying Guo Yuzhen Ye Feng Zhu Rui Xue Xianchao Zhang Mingxing Zhu William Hartley Lin Guo Shengguo Xue School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Environmental Sciences Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Agriculture and Environment Department Harper Adams UniversityNewportShropshireTF108NBUK Henan Institute of Geological Survey Zhengzhou 450001China

Soil formation and ecological rehabilitation is the most promising strategy to eliminate environmental risks of bauxite residue disposal areas. Its poor physical structure is nevertheless a major limitation to plant growth. Organic materials were demonstrated as effective ameliorants to improve the physical conditions of bauxite residue. In this study, three different organic materials including straw(5% W/W), humic acid(5% W/W), and humic acidacrylamide polymer(0.2% and 0.4%, W/W) were selected to evaluate their effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue pretreated by phosphogypsum following a 120-day incubation experiment. The proportion of 2-1 mm macro-aggregates, mean weight diameter(MWD) and geometric mean diameter(GWD) increased following organic materials addition, which indicated that organic materials could enhance aggregate stability. Compared with straw, and humic acid, humic acid-acrylamide polymer application had improved effects on the formation of water-stable aggregates in the residues. Furthermore, organic materials increased the total porosity, total pore volume and average pore diameter, and reduced the micropore content according to nitrogen gas adsorption(NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)analysis, whilst enhancing water retention of the residues based on water characteristic curves. Compared with traditional organic wastes, humic acid-acrylamide polymer could be regarded as a candidate according to the comprehensive consideration of the additive amount and the effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue. These findings could provide a novel application to both Ca-contained acid solid waste and high-molecular polymers on ecological rehabilitation at disposal areas.

关键词： Bauxite residue Soil formation Aggregates pore characteristics Water retention

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pore structure characterization and seepage analysis of ionic rare earth orebodies based on computed tomography images

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2022年第2期32卷 411-421页

作者： Xianping Luo Yongbing Zhang Hepeng Zhou Kunzhong He Boyuan Zhang Dongming Zhang Weijing Xiao National Innovation Center for Rare Earth Functional Material Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China Key Laboratory of Ionic Rare Earth Resources Development and Application Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining&Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

pore network structure of ore body is a diffusion channel of leaching agent solution that exerts a significant influence on *** ore body structure,pore distribution,pore and throat size,and pore network characteristics of topsoil,weathered,and semiweathered layers of ionic rare earth ore in southern Jiangxi Province were explored in this *** effect of leaching operation on the pore structure was investigated,and main factors affecting the seepage were *** showed that the semiweathered layer presents a dense structure and a small number of unconnected *** of topsoil and weathered layers are mainly long and narrow column openings with some planar *** pore distribution and large size span were *** with the weathered layer,the topsoil layer demonstrates larger voids,smaller average pore volume and equivalent radius,and fewer coordination throats;however,the average equivalent radius of the throat in the topsoil layer is larger and largescale channels exist through ore body ***,permeability of the topsoil layer is significantly higher than that of the weathered *** clay minerals migrate easily and the occurrence of silting in the small porosity blocks the throat and significantly decreases the permeability of the ore body in the leaching *** equivalent radius of the throat is the key to the *** the migration of fine particles is an effective measure to protect the throat and shorten the leaching period.

关键词： Ionic rare earth ore CT scanning 3D visualization pore characteristics Permeability

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Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of White Sandstone Based on Computer Fractal Theory

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第10期39卷 121-131页

作者： Yong Wang Yongyan Wang Nan Qin Sa Huang Le Chang Shunzheng Hou School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266061China

The work presented in this paper was conducted to quantify the relationship between the pore characteristics and mechanical properties of white *** study include tests carried out under the coupling effects of chemical corrosion,temperature,nuclear magnetic resonance,and mechanical *** fractal theory was employed to describe and quantify the characteristics of the growth of pores in white sandstone under the same coupling effect.A custom developed program code,in the MATLAB software platform,was used for calculating the growths of the pores in white sandstone when subjected to coupling *** correlation between the computer fractal dimension of the growth of the pores in rock and characteristics of mechanical damage was accordingly *** results showed that when the temperature was set at a level lower than 100°C,it caused damage to the rock and strength reduction,primarily due to the rates of chemical reactions,the generation,and evolution of pores in the rock mass under the coupling effects of chemical corrosion and ***,it was observed that the higher the value of the computer fractal dimension,the higher the growth of the pores,and the lower the uniaxial compressive strength of the white sandstone.

关键词： White sandstone pore characteristics mechanical properties MATLAB chemical corrosion temperature fractal dimension nuclear magnetic resonance

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