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PtrHB7, a class III HD-Zip Gene, Plays a Critical Role in Regulation of Vascular Cambium Differentiation in populus

Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1331-1343页

作者： Yingying Zhu Dongliang Song Jiayan Sun Xingfen Wang Laigeng Li National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology ShanghaiInstitutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 300 Fenglin Rd Shanghai 200032 China

A key question in the secondary growth of trees is how differentiation of the vascular cambium cells is directed to concurrently form two different tissues： xylem or phloem, class III homeodomain-leucine zipper （HD-Zip III） genes are known to play critical roles in the initiation, patterning, and differentiation of the vascular system in the process of primary and secondary growth. However, the mechanism of how these genes control secondary vascular dif- ferentiation is unknown. Here, we show that a populus.class III HD-Zip gene, PtrHB7, was preferentially expressed in cambial zone. PtrHB7-suppressed plants displayed significant changes in vascular tissues with a reduction in xylem but increase in phloem. Transcriptional analysis revealed that genes regulating xylem differentiation were down-regulated, whereas genes regulating phloem differentiation were up-regulated. Correspondingly, PtrHB7 overexpression enhanced differentiation of cambial cells toward xylem cells but inhibited phloem differentiation. PtrHB7 regulation on cambial cell differentiation was associated with its transcript abundance. Together, the results demonstrated that PtrHB7 plays a critical role in controlling a balanced differentiation between secondary xylem and phloem tissues in the process of populus.secondary growth in a dosage-dependent manner.

关键词： HD-Zip III cambium xylem fiber cell secondary growth populus.

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PtrCel9A6, an Endo-l,4-β-Glucanase, Is Required for Cell Wall Formation during Xylem Differentiation in populus

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Molecular Plant 2013年第6期6卷 1904-1917页

作者： Liangliang Yu Jiayan Sun Laigeng Li National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics/CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 300 Fenglin Road Shanghai 200032 China

ABSTRACT Endo-l,4-β-glucanases （EGases） are involved in many aspects of plant growth. Our previous study found that an EGase, PtrCel9A6, is specifically expressed in differentiating xylem cells during populus.secondary growth. In this study, the xylem-specific PtrCel9A6 was characterized for its role in xylem differentiation. The EGase is localized on the plasma membrane with catalytic domain toward the outside cell wall, hydrolyzing amorphous cellulose. Suppression of PtrCel9A6 expression caused secondary cell wall defects in xylem cells and significant cellulose reduction in populus. Heterologous expression of PtrCelgA6 in Arabidopsis enhanced plant growth as well as increased fiber cell length. In addition, introduction of PtrCel9A6 into Arabidopsis resulted in male sterility due to defects in anther dehiscence. Together, these results demonstrate that PtrCel9A6 plays a critical role in remodeling the 1,4-β-glucan chains in the wall matrix and is required for cell wall thickening during populus.xylem differentiation.

关键词： endo-l,4-β-glucanase cell wall cellulose synthesis cell wall thickening populus.

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Characterization and Ectopic Expression of a populus.Hydroxyacid Hyd roxyci n nam oylt ra nsferase

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Molecular Plant 2013年第6期6卷 1889-1903页

作者： Ai-Xia Cheng Jin-Ying Gou Xiao-Hong Yu Huijun Yang Xin Fang Xiao-Ya Chen Chang-Jun Liu Biosciences Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University :linan 250012 China Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

Cutinized and suberized cell walls in plants constitute physiologically important environment interfaces. They act as barriers limiting the loss of water and nutrients and protecting against radiation and invasion of pathogens. The roles of cutin- and suberin polyesters are often attributed to their dominant aliphatic components, but the contri- bution of aromatic composition to their physiological function remains unclear. By functionally screening a subset of populus.trichocarpa BAHD/HXXXD acyltransferases, we identified a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase that shows specific transacylation activity on ~0-hydroxyacids using both feruloyl- and p-coumaroyl- CoA as the acyl donors. We named this enzyme P. trichocarpa hydroxyacid/fatty alcohol hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 1 （PtFHT1）. The ectopic expression of the PtFHT1 gene in Arabidopsis increased the incorporation of ferulate in root and seed suberins and in leaf cutin, but not that of p-coumarate, while the aliphatic load in both suberin and cutin polyesters essentially remained unaffected. The overaccumulation of ferulate in lipophilic polyester significantly increased the tolerance of transgenic plants to salt stress treatment; under sub-lethal conditions of salt stress, the ratios of their seed germination and seedling establishment were 50% higher than those of wild-type plants. Our study suggests that, although aromatics are the minor component of polyesters, they play important role in the sealing function of lipidic polymers in planta.

关键词： cutin suberin ferulate BAHD acyltransferase populus.

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A Comparative Study of Soluble Protein Extractions of populus.deltoides × （ Trichocarpa × Deltoides） for 2-DE

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第9期6卷 970-979页

作者： Joke Dupae Ann Cuypers Jean-Paul Noben Jana Boulet Nele Weyens Karen Verstraelen Jaco Vangronsveld Centre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Agoralaan Building D B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium Biomedical Institute Hasselt University Agoralaan Building A 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium

Background： The disclosure of the poplar genome strengthens its position as well-established model organism. populus.has been subject of several proteome studies, but up to date no comparative study was performed on the extraction method of soluble proteins for this species. The extraction is the most critical step in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and each extraction method has its advantages, disadvantages and limitations. Therefore protein extraction methods should be optimized for each tissue before starting an experimental setup. In prospect of future DIGE （Differential Gel electrophoresis） experiments for the investigation of the effects of cadmium and inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria at the proteome level, the aim of this study was to optimize an extraction method for soluble proteins of poplar leaves and roots. Results： The acetone-phenol extraction method was found to be the most suited, rendering a high spot number and low background interference. During further optimization, several critical steps in the extraction method were revealed. Conclusion： Aiming to optimize the extraction of soluble leaf and root proteins of populus.deltoides × （trichocarpa× deltoides） compatible with DIGE analysis, a protocol rendering high reproducibility, low background interference and a high spot number was established, however no novel insights were acquired.

关键词： Proteomics two-dimensional gel electrophoresis soluble proteins protein extraction populus.

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