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Poisoning effect of polyvinyl chloride on the catalytic pyrolysis of mixed plastics over zeolites

Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2265-2273页

作者： Jiangchun Yuan Wenjie Wang Weixiao Sun Zhirong Yang Yueqiang Cao Wenyao Chen Xiaohu Ge Gang Qian Xiang Feng Xuezhi Duan Xinggui Zhou Kevin M.Van Geem Jing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Laboratory for Chemical Technology(LCT) Department of MaterialsTextiles and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering&ArchitectureGhent UniversityZwijnaarde B-9052Belgium State Key Lab of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China

Nowadays,the chemical recycling is applied for only 1%of total waste plastics,largely due to contaminants in plastic waste and difficulty in product *** the major contaminant,polyvinyl chloride(PVC)often forms corrosive hydrogen chloride(HCl)during the chemical recycling,which may cause severe catalyst deactivation and equipment ***,the investigation on catalytic pyrolysis(the major route for plastics chemical recycling)of the PVC containing mixed plastics has been rarely ***,catalytic co-pyrolysis of PVC and polyethylene(PE)was studied over an aromatization catalyst,Pt/ZSM-5,since the basic building block aromatics are desired products from plastics chemical *** poisoning effect of PVC vapor on the catalyst stability was explored by collective efforts of thorough product analysis and catalyst *** was found that the HCl evolving from PVC has an autocatalytic effect that promotes the scission of dehydrochlorinated PVC,resulting in the high yield of benzene and acetylene from *** the other hand,the presence of PVC suppressed the aromatics formation from PE,largely due to the poisoning effect of PVC-derived HCl on the Pt/*** deactivation is irreversible as evidenced by the decreased zeolite crystallinity and the loss of strong acid sites that are key to the aromatization,possibly due to the removal of framework Al upon the interaction with *** modification with octadecylphosphonic acid only slightly alleviated the PVC poisoning *** insights on the PVC poisoning of zeolite catalysts provided in this work may guide the process design of chemical recycling of PVC containing waste plastics.

关键词： polyvinyl chloride polyethylene zeolite aromatics deactivation

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Toxicity mechanisms of photodegraded polyvinyl chloride nanoplastics on pea seedlings

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 111-124页

作者： Hao Wu Beibei He Bocheng Chen An Liu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Nanoplasctics(NPs),which are very small in particle size,exert toxic effect to ***,compared to original NPs,photodegraded NPs would pose higher *** is because their relatively higher specific surface areas and the presence of additives which can more easily *** original NPs and aged NPs affect plant growth has not been widely *** work chose polyvinyl chloride NPs(PVC-NPs)that were subjected to up to 1000 h UV light radiation to explore the impact of PVC-NPs on the growth of pea seedlings(Pisum Sativum L.).The results indicated the existence of PVC-NPs with longer UV light radiation time and higher concentrations had more negative influences on pea seedlings’growth such as germination rate(decreased by 10.6%–22.5%),stem length(decreased by 2.8%–8.1%),dry weight(decreased by 6.3%–7.1%)and fresh weight(decreased by 6.7%–14.8%).It was also noted that photodegraded PVC-NPs resulted in damage to leaf stomata and roots,hindering photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients and hence the decrease in chlorophyll and soluble sugar *** to transcriptomic investigation results,the presence of aged PVC-NPs primarily influenced protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum(upregulated metabolic pathway)and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis(downregulated metabolic pathway)of pea *** results provide an in-depth understanding of how NPs influence the growth of plants.

关键词： Nanoplasctics polyvinyl chloride Toxicity mechanisms Plant growth

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EFFECT OF POLYANILINE AS A SURFACE MODIFIER OF TiO_2 NANO-PARTICLES ON THE PROPERTIES OF polyvinyl chloride/TiO_2 NANOCOMPOSITES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第3期31卷 481-494页

作者： Ali Olad Sepideh Behboudi Ali Akbar Entezami Polymer Composite Research Laboratory Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Polymer Research Laboratory Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz

Surface of TiO2 nanoparticles was modified with the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. Polyaniline modified TiO2 nanoparticles （PANI-TiO2） were characterized with the FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. Results confirmed that PANI was grafted successfully on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles, therefore agglomeration of nanoparticles decreased dramatically. polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites filled with 1 wt%-5 wt% of PANI-TiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via the solution blending method. PVC nanocomposites were analyzed with FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG/DTA, DSC and tensile test techniques. Effect of PANI as surface modifier of nanoparticles was discussed according to the final properties of PVC nanocomposites. Results demonstrated that deposition of PANI on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles improved the interfacial adhesion between the constituents of nanocomposites, which resulted in better dispersion of nanoparticles in the PVC matrix. Also PVC/PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites showed higher thennal resistance, tensile strength and Young＇s modulus compared to those of unfilled PVC and PVC/TiO2 nanocomposites.

关键词： Polymer nanocomposite polyvinyl chloride Polyaniline TiO2 nano-additive Surface modification.

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SYNERGISTIC MODIFICATION OF EPDM AND CROSSLINKING AGENT IN IMMISCIBLE BLENDS OF polyvinyl chloride WITH LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第2期24卷 147-154页

作者：方征平 Institute of Polymer Composites Zhejiang University

The synergism of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer copolymer （EPDM） and dicumyl peroxide （DCP, a crosslinking agent） in low density polyethylene （LDPE）/poly（vinyl chloride）（PVC） blends was investigated. When EDPM and DCP are added to the blends simultaneously, the tensile properties could be improved significantly, especially for the blends with LDPE matrix. For example, incorporation of 10/1 （mass ratio） EPDM/DCP improves the tensile strength of the LDPE/PVC （mass ratio 80/20） blend from 7.9 MPa to 8.5 MPa and the elongation at break from 25% to 503%. Results from selective extraction, phase-contrast microscopy and thermal analysis reveal that the improvement in the tensile properties of the blends with LDPE matrix is principally due to the formation of a fine crosslinking network of the LDPE and EPDM phase. The outstanding modification effect of EPDM is explained by its dual functions： molecular entanglement with LDPE and the enhanced efficiency of DCP in the blends.

关键词： polyvinyl chloride Polyethylene EPDM Blend Crosslinking

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Surface Sulfonation of polyvinyl chloride by Plasma for Antithrombogenicity

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第3期6卷 2328-2332页

作者：刘鹏陈亚芍 School of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China

To enhance the blood compatibility of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, the film was modified by SO2/O2 gas plasma treatment. The effect of surface sulfonation of PVC treated by various SO2/O2 gas plasma depended on the volume ratio O2/(SO2 +O2). When the volume ratio was 0.5, the effect of sulfonation was the best. Sulfonic acid groups were specifically and efficiently introduced onto the PVC surface, which was proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transfer Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface microstructure of modified PVC film was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antithrombogenicity of the samples was determined by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and plasma recalcification time (PRT) tests and platelet adhesion experiment. The results indicated that the antithrombogenicity of modified PVC was improved remarkably.

关键词： polyvinyl chloride plasma surface sulfonation antithrombogenicity

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Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies on the Cooling Process of polyvinyl chloride

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2006年第1期22卷 80-84页

作者： YANG Hua LI Ze-sheng YANG Yong-biao ZHANG Xiu-bin SUN Chia-chung State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 P. R. China

By means of molecular dynamics simulation, the transition of the conformations of polyvinyl chloride during a cooling process from 600 to 300 K was studied. The results show that the amorphous polyvinyl chloride chain experiences the melting state, elastic state and glass state and the conformations can be characterized by the increases of the trans-state of C--C--C--C and the near gauche-state of C--C--C--C1 with the decrease of temperature. It is found that the transition of the conformations is driven mainly by the Coulomb interaction between chain segments.

关键词： Molecular dynamics simulation polyvinyl chloride Cooling Conformation

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Valorization of palm oil refining by-product for organotin mercaptide as a polyvinyl chloride thermal stabilizer:Synthesis,efficacy and comparison to mixed metal stearate

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第4期9卷 565-576页

作者： I Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan Adli Azharuddin Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Industrial TechnologyInstitut Teknologi BandungBandung 40132Indonesia

Organotin mercaptide-based thermal stabilizer is recognized for its effectiveness in enhanc-ing thermal stability of polyvinyl chloride(PVC).In this study,we synthesized an organotin mercaptide-based thermal stabilizer from palm fatty acid distillate,which is a by-product of palm oil refining process,and then evaluated its thermal stabilizing effects on PVC and compared its efficacy and economics to those of mixed metal *** synthesized thermal stabilizer mani-fests as methyltin mercaptoethyl carboxylate *** dehydrochlorination and two-roll mill discoloration tests have demonstrated the high efficacy of the resulting thermal stabilizer in stabi-lizing PVC,surpassing the performance of mixed metal stearate,as evidenced by the lower dosage *** synthesized PVC thermal stabilizer not only provides effective stabilization but also presents a competitive viable alternative.

关键词： Mixed metal Organotin mercaptide Palm fatty acid distillate Polymer polyvinyl chloride Thermal stabilizer

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Enhancement of Photocatalytic Degradation of polyvinyl chloride Plastic with Fe_(2)O_(3) Modified AgNbO_(3) Photocatalyst under Visible-light Irradiation

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2021年第12期40卷 1595-1603,1552页

作者： CHANG Hai-Bo LIU Jun-Bo DONG Zheng WANG Dan-Dan XIN Yu JIANG Zhuo-Lin TANG Shan-Shan College of Resource and Environmental Science Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118China

The solid-phase photocataKtic degradation of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)plastic with AgNbO_(3)/Fe_(2)O_(3) is studied under visible-light *** PVC-(AgNbO_(3)/Fe_(2)O_(3))samples are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope(XPS),scanning electron microscope(SEM),gas chromatography(GC),and UV-vis diffusion reflectance spectra(UV-vis DRS).The photocatalytic properties of PVC-(AgNbO_(3)/Fe_(2)O_(3))samples are systematically *** amounts of generated CO2,greater texture change and higher weight loss rate were exhibited in the system of PVC-(AgNbO_(3)/Fe_(2)O_(3))than pure PVC *** weight loss rate is ten times higher than that of pure PVC film,which reaches to 46.53%with optimum amount of O.5wt% Fe_(2)O_(3).Active radicals generate primarily on the surface of Fe_(2)O_(3) particles,which cause composite plastic decomposition on the PVC-(AgNbO_(3)/Fe_(2)O_(3))interface and extend into polymer *** study provides a new promising way to degrade the plastic waste under visible-light.

关键词： photocatalytic degradation polyvinyl chloride AgNbO_(3)/Fe_(2)O_(3)

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Phosphorus Containing Rubber Seed oil as a Flame Retardant Plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第4期11卷 1731-1743页

作者： Hongying Chu Huabei Li Xiaoyan Sun Yaowang Zhang Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute Kaifeng475004China Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Coating Materials Kaifeng475004China

The application of phthalate plasticizers has been restricted around the world due to their poor migration and potential harm to the human ***,producing functional bio-based plasticizers via exploiting clean and reusable resources meets the satisfaction of current *** this study,flame-retardant rubber seed oil-based plasticize(FRP)was prepared via epoxidation reaction and ring opening addition reactions,which was used as a flame-resistant plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride to replace petroleum-based phthalate *** DOP was replaced with FRP,the torque of PVC blends increased from 11.4 to 18.4 N⋅m,the LOI value increased from 24.3%for PVC-FRP-0%to 33.1%for *** THR value diminished from 39 MJ/m^(2)(pertaining to PVC-FRC-0)to 22 MJ/m^(2)Tg increased from 23°C to 47°C,the weight loss of plasticized PVC blends significantly reduced from 22.6%to 2.8%in leaching *** study provided a new way to prepare flame retardant plasticizer using rubber seed oil as raw material.

关键词： Plasticizer rubber seed oil polyvinyl chloride vegetable oil modification

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Analysis of the suspension polymerization flows of polyvinyl chloride with the exergy analysis involving resource utilization and environmental influence

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Science China Chemistry 2001年第1期44卷 93-102页

作者：王彦峰冯霄 1. Environmental and Chemical Engineering School Xi’an Jiaotong University 710049 Xi’an China

In order to comprehensively assess the resource utilization of aprocess system and its influence on the environment, the application range of the traditional exergy analysis was expanded in this paper to include the pollution degree of the discharged wastes to the environment. So technology indexes can be obtained to comprehensively assess the resource utilization and the environment impact of a process system. The harm coefficient and effect coefficient were introduced to concern the different harm to the environment of the different wastes and the pollution effect relative to resource waste by environment. The determination method of the harm coefficient and effect coefficient was discussed. Two suspension polymerization flows of polyvinyl chloride were calculated with this method. The results show that the method can comprehensively assess the resource utilization and the environment impact of the chemical process system by comparing and analyzing.

关键词： exergy analysis resource utilization environment impact polyvinyl chloride

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