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Plant Diversity 2019年第5期41卷 323-329页

作者： Lin-Lin Wang Zhi-Qiang Zhang Yong-Ping Yang Yuan-Wen Duan Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau Research at KunmingKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650201China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan650091China

Dasiphora fruticosa comprises male,female and hermaphrodite plants,which are distributed sympatrically in some populations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.To explore what governs the coexistence of these three sexual phenotypes,we investigated the DNA contents,pollen and ovule production,pollen deposition,and performed hand-pollination in both hermaphroditic and dioecious individuals of D.fruticosa.Flow cytometry confirmed that the DNA content of males and females were almost twice as much as that of the hermaphrodites.Male and female flowers produced more pollen grains and ovules than hermaphroditic flowers.Hand-pollinated treatments showed that unisexual flowers were sterile in one sexual function and bisexual flowers were fertile for both functions,but no sterile seeds were produced between unisexual and bisexual flowers.Our findings imply that Polyploidy is related to gender dimorphism,and both are likely to play a strong role in the coexistence of two cryptic biological species of D.fruticosa(low ploidy hermaphroditic species and high ploidy dioecious species)in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Gender polymorphism Dioecy Dasiphora fruticosa Polyploidy Reproductive isolation

Reply to Zwaenepoel et al.: Meeting the Challenges of Detecting Polyploidy Events from Transcriptomic Data

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Molecular Plant 2019年第2期12卷 137-140页

作者： Haifeng Wang Chunce Guo Hong Ma Ji Qi State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology College of Agriculture Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization Forestry College Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang China Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China

Dear Editor,Transcriptomic data have been widely employed to infer whole genome duplications (WGDs, or paleoPolyploidy)(Jiao et al., 2011;Barker et al., 2016;Huang et al., 2016), through the use of large numbers of re... 详细信息

关键词： Challenges Detecting Polyploidy Events Transcriptomic Data

Plant Polyploidy and evolution

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第1期61卷 4-6页

作者： Gai Huang Yu-Xian Zhu Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University

Polyploidy refers to two or more complete sets of chromosomes that are combined within a nucleus,and includes both autoPolyploidy and alloPolyploidy(Otto 2007).Polyploidy is a recurring theme in the evolutionary history of plants and it has been considered an important mechanism for speciation and also for adaptability to changing environments(Shimizu-Inatsugi et al.2017).In nature,about one-third of flowering plants are polyploids,and a great majority of them are allopolyploids.There are many cultivated allopolyploid species,such as cotton,Brassica and potato,the possible evolutionary history of which can be inferred with high certainty.

关键词： Polyploidy history

Polyploidy and new chromosome counts in Anaphalis(Asteraceae:Gnaphalieae) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第1期48卷 58-64页

作者： 1,2 Ying MENG 1 Hang SUN 1,2 Yong-Ping YANG 1 Ze-Long NIE 1(Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China) 2(Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China) (Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China)

Anaphalis is one of the largest genera of the Asian Gnaphalieae(Asteraceae) and is most diversified on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The chromosome numbers and karyomorphology of six species from seven populations were investigated for the first time for this region.Chromosome numbers have been newly documented for four species:Anaphalis deserti(2n=56=24 median m+24 submedian sm+8 acrocentric st);Anaphalis plicata(2n=56=26m+30sm);Anaphalis xylorhiza(2n=28=2 median point M+14m+12sm);and Anaphalis rhododactyla(2n=56=32m+24sm).Two further counts are in agreement with the previously reported numbers,that is,Anaphalis royleana(2n=28=4M+6m+18sm) and Anaphalis margaritacea(2n=28=12m+16sm).A new polyploid cytotype(2n=56=26m+30sm) was found in the Zougong population of A.margaritacea.Polyploidy is for the first time reported for Anaphalis,with four out of seven counts being tetraploid.Our cytological results suggest that polyploids might have played an important role in the evolution of Anaphalis on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Anaphalis DC. Asteraceae chromosome number Gnaphalieae Polyploidy Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Induced Polyploidy as a Tool for Increasing Tea(Camellia sinensis L.) Production

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2015年第3期22卷 43-47页

作者： Hasnain Alam Muhammad Razaq Salahuddin Department of Biotechnology International Islamic University Department of Silviculture Northeast Forestry University

Tea （Camellia sinensis L.） represents different ploidy levels. In the present paper, we reviewed the recent data on the diploid, aneuploid and polyploid formed their origin and chemically induced Polyploidy and predicted it role in teagenetic improvement for better yield. Different polidy levels had different effects on tea physiology. Tetraploid and triploid had more vigour and hardness due to increased size of cells, while triploid could have even more vigours due to increased size of cells and sterilities. Chemically induced Polyploidy had been found an important tool for improving plant physiology and production, therefore, induced polyploids should be produced to overcome the problem of low yield and limited rainfall in tea growing areas.

关键词： tea Camellia sinensis Polyploidy

WGDI:A user-friendly toolkit for evolutionary analyses of whole-genome duplications and ancestral karyotypes

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Molecular Plant 2022年第12期15卷 1841-1851页

作者： Pengchuan Sun Beibei Jiao Yongzhi Yang Lanxing Shan Ting Li Xiaonan Li Zhenxiang Xi Xiyin Wang Jianquan Liu Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina Center for Genomics and Bio-computing North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebeiChina State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina

Evidence of whole-genome duplications(WGDs)and subsequent karyotype changes has been detected in most major lineages of living organisms on Earth.To clarify the complex resulting multi-layered patterns of gene collinearity in genome analyses,there is a need for convenient and accurate toolkits.To meet this need,we developed WGDI(Whole-Genome Duplication Integrated analysis),a Python-based command-line tool that facilitates comprehensive analysis of recursive polyploidization events and cross-species genome alignments.WGDI supports three main workflows(polyploid inference,hierarchical inference of genomic homology,and ancestral chromosome karyotyping)that can improve the detection of WGD and characterization of WGD-related events based on high-quality chromosome-level genomes.Significantly,it can extract complete synteny blocks and facilitate reconstruction of detailed karyotype evolution.This toolkit is freely available at GitHub(https://***/SunPengChuan/wgdi).As an example of its application,WGDI convincingly clarified karyotype evolution in Aquilegia coerulea and Vitis vinifera following WGDs and rejected the hypothesis that Aquilegia contributed as a parental lineage to the allopolyploid origin of core dicots.

关键词： WGDI Polyploidy collinearity inference of hierarchical and event-related gene collinearity ancestral chromosome karyotype

Hybridization and Polyploidy-Induced Transcriptomic Response and Epigenetic Changes in Plants

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Hybridization and Polyploidy-Induced Transcriptomic Response...

Evolutionary mechanisms and practical significance of reproductive success and clonal diversity in unisexual vertebrate polyploids

中国遗传学会植物遗传和基因组学专业委员会2009年学术...

作者： Bao Liu~* Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024

Inter-specific hybridization Polyploidy are common features found in many organismal taxa,and prevails in plants(Otto and Whitton,2000;Comai 2005;Otto,2007).Estimates indicate that around 70%of today’s angiosperms ha... 详细信息

关键词： Hybridization Polyploidy transcriptome genetic and epigenetia changes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 449-459页

作者： Meng Lu Li Zhou Jian-Fang Gui State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Hubei Hongshan Laboratorythe Innovation Academy of Seed DesignInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Unisexual reproduction is generally relevant to Polyploidy, and unisexual vertebrates are often considered an evolutionary “dead end” due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations and absence of genetic diversity. However, some unisexual polyploids have developed strategies to avoid genomic decay, and thus provide ideal models to unveil unexplored evolutionary mechanisms, from the reproductive success to clonal diversity creation. This article reviews the evolutionary mechanisms for overcoming meiotic barrier and generating genetic diversity in unisexual vertebrates, and summarizes recent research advancements in the polyploid Carassius complex. Gynogenetic gibel carp(Carassius gibelio) is a unique amphitriploid that has undergone a recurrent autotriploidy and has overcome the bottleneck of triploid sterility via gynogenesis. Recently, an efficient strategy in which ploidy changes, including from amphitriploid to amphitetraploid, then from amphitetraploid to novel amphitriploid, drive unisexual-sexual-unisexual reproduction transition and clonal diversity has been revealed.Based on this new discovery, multigenomic reconstruction biotechnology has been used to breed a novel strain with superior growth and stronger disease resistance. Moreover, a unique reproduction mode that combines both abilities of ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion,termed as ameio-fusiongensis, has been discovered, and it provides an efficient approach to synthesize sterile allopolyploids. In order to avoid ecological risks upon escape and protect the sustainable property rights of the aquaculture seed industry, a controllable fertility biotechnology approach for precise breeding is being developed by integrating sterile allopolyploid synthesis and gene-editing techniques.This review provides novel insights into the origin and evolution of unisexual vertebrates and into the attempts being made to exploit new breeding biotechnologies in aquaculture.

关键词： unisexual vertebrates Polyploidy reproduction transition clonal diversity precise breeding genomic reconstruction controllable fertility

Adaptive responses drive the success of polyploid yellowcresses(Rorippa,Brassicaceae)in the Hengduan Mountains,a temperate biodiversity hotspot

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Plant Diversity 2022年第5期44卷 455-467页

作者： Ting-Shen Han Zheng-Yan Hu Zhi-Qiang Du Quan-Jing Zheng Jia Liu Thomas Mitchell-Olds Yao-Wu Xing CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Center of Plant Ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Department of Biology Duke UniversityBox 90338DurhamNC 27708USA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Polyploids contribute substantially to plant evolution and biodiversity;however,the mechanisms by which they succeed are still unclear.According to the polyploid adaptation hypothesis,successful polyploids spread by repeated adaptive responses to new environments.Here,we tested this hypothesis using two tetraploid yellowcresses(Rorippa),the endemic Rorippa elata and the widespread Rorippa palustris,in the temperate biodiversity hotspot of the Hengduan Mountains.Speciation modes were resolved by phylogenetic modeling using 12 low-copy nuclear loci.Phylogeographical patterns were then examined using haplotypes phased from four plastid and ITS markers,coupled with historical niche reconstruction by ecological niche modeling.We inferred the time of hybrid origins for both species as the mid-Pleistocene,with shared glacial refugia within the southern Hengduan Mountains.Phylogeographic and ecological niche reconstruction indicated recurrent northward colonization by both species after speciation,possibly tracking denuded habitats created by glacial retreat during interglacial periods.Common garden experiment involving perennial R.elata conducted over two years revealed significant changes in fitness-related traits across source latitudes or altitudes,including latitudinal increases in survival rate and compactness of plant architecture,suggesting gradual adaptation during range expansion.These findings support the polyploid adaptation hypothesis and suggest that the spread of polyploids was aided by adaptive responses to environmental changes during the Pleistocene.Our results thus provide insight into the evolutionary success of polyploids in high-altitude environments.

关键词： Adaptation Hengduan mountains Pleistocene Polyploidy Rorippa

Cancer genes and cancer stem cells in tumorigenesis:Evolutionary deep homology and controversies

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第5期9卷 1234-1247页

作者： Vladimir F.Niculescu Kirschenweg 1 Diedorf 86420Germany

In the past,contradictory statements have been made about the age of cancer genes.While phylostratigraphic studies suggest that cancer genes emerged during the transitional period from unicellularians(UC)to early metazoans(EM),life cycle studies suggest that they arose earlier.This controversy could not be resolved.Phylostratigraphic methods use data from somatic tumor gene collections containing or lacking Polyploidy genes(PGCC genes)and compare them to genes from evolutionary node taxa.I analyze whether the selected taxa are suitable to resolve the above contradiction or not.Both cancer and amoebae life cycles have a reproductive asexual germline that produces germline stem cells(GSCs)and somatic cell lines that cannot.When the germline loses its reproductive function,the soma-to-germ transition forms a new reproductive germline.The reproductive Polyploidy of cancer is homologous to the reproductive Polyploidy of unicellular cysts.PGCCs repair DNA defects,reorganize the involved genome architecture and produce new GSCs.The present study refutes the dogma of the early metazoan origin of cancer.Cancer has a unicellular life cycle that was adopted by early metazoans to rescue themselves from evolutionary dead ends.Early metazoans controlled the unicellular life cycle through suppressor and anti-suppressor genes that could suspend or reactivate it.They are the archetypes of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes.Cells of mammalians and humans that reach a similar impasse as early metazoans can reactivate the conserved life cycle of unicellularians.

关键词： Cancer Entamoeba Gene age Life cycle Polyploidy CSCs EMT PGCC