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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第7期129卷 79-89页

作者： Yong He Xiangyu Wang Zhaobin Zhang College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Sediment core is the recorder of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)pollutions and the associated sedimentary organic matter(SOM),acting as crucial supports for pollution control and environmental ***,the sedimentary records of PAHs and SOM in the past century in Lake Taihu,China,were reconstructed from a 50-cm sediment *** the one hand,the presence of PAHs ranged from 8.99 to 199.2 ng/***,PAHs declined with the depth increased,and the sedimentation history of PAHswas divided into two stages with a discontinuity at 20 cm *** composition,PAHs in the sediment core were dominated by three-ring PAHs(44.6%±9.1%,mean±standard deviation),and were followed by four-ring(27.0%±3.3%),and five-ring(12.1%±4.0%)*** toxicity assessment,the sedimentary records of benzo[a]pyrene-based toxic equivalency were well described by an exponential model with R-square of 0.95,and the environmental background toxic value was identified as 1.62 ng/*** the other hand,different components of SOM were successfully identified by n-alkanemarkers(p<0.01)and the variations of SOMwerewell explained(84.6%).A discontinuity of SOM was recognized at 22 cm *** study showed that the sedimentary PAHs were associated with both anthropogenic and biogenic SOM(p<0.05)with explained variances for most individual PAHs of 60%.It indicated the vertical distributions of PAHs were driven by sedimentary ***,environmental processes such as biogenic factors should attract more attentions as well as PAH emissions to reduce the impacts of PAHs.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) N-alkanes Sedimentary records Composition Toxicity assessment Lake Taihu

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in benthos of the northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第11期32卷 194-199页

作者： Yuxin Ma Yurong Sun Yunkai Li Hongyuan Zheng Wenying Mi School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China MINJIE Institute of Environmental Science and Health Research Max-Plank Street 2Geesthacht 21502Germany

Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were detected in benthos collected onboard the‘Snow Dragon’in the Northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf during the 6 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE 2014).18 PAHs for all biota samples ranged from 34.2 to 128.1 ng/g dry weight(dw),with the highest concentration observed in fish muscle(Boreogadus saida)samples close to *** *** PAH composition pattern was dominated by the presence of lighter 3 ring(57%)and 2 ring(28%)PAHs,indicating oil-related or petrogenic sources as important origins of PAH *** of alkyl-PAHs(1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene)were lower than their parent PAH(naphthalene)in all biological tissue,and their percentage also decreased significantly(p<0.05)compared with those in the corresponding *** were no significant relationships between PAH concentrations and trophic levels,which is possibly due to the combined results of the complex benthic foodweb in the subarctic/Arctic shelf region,as well as a low assimilation/effective metabolism for *** to toxic potency evaluation results from TCDD toxic equivalents(TEQs)and Ba P-equivalent(Ba PE)values,whelk(Neptunea heros)and starfish(Ctenodiscus crispatus)are two macroinvertebrate species showing relatively higher dioxin-like toxicity and carcinogenic risk.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Arctic shelf Benthos Toxic potency Bioaccumulation

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the centralized wastewater treatment plant of a chemical industry zone:Removal,mass balance and source analysis

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第3期55卷 416-425页

作者： YAO Min ZHANG XingWang LEI LeCheng Industrial Ecology and Environment Research Institute Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Increased attention has been given to the fate of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) introduced to the wastewater treatment *** and adsorbed PAHs were detected in the centralized wastewater treatment plant of a chemical industry zone in Zhejiang Province,*** most abundant PAHs were the low molecular weight PAHs (e.g.,Acy,Ace,Flu and Phe),accounting for more than 80% of the total 16 PAHs in each treatment *** partitioning suggested that the removal of PAHs in every treatment stage was influenced greater by the sorption of particles or *** removal efficiencies of individual PAHs ranged between 4% and 87% in the primary sedimentation stage,between 1% and 42% in anaerobic hydrolysis stage,between <1% and 70% in aerobic bio-process stage,between 1.5% and 80% in high-density clarifier stage,and between 44% and 97% in the whole treatment *** balance calculations in primary stage showed significant losses for low molecular weight PAHs and relatively good agreements for high molecular weight PAHs as well as in anaerobic hydrolysis,high-density clarifier stage and sludge stream for most *** gains of 60%-150% were obtained for high molecular weight PAHs in aerobic bio-process stage due to biosorption and *** investigations found that PAHs entering the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) could be derived from the dyeing chemical processes as the byproducts,and the contribution supported by the largest dyeing chemical group was up to 48%.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal efficiency mass balance source analysis centralized wastewater treatment plant

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Agricultural Soils of the Southern Subtropics,China

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Pedosphere 2007年第5期17卷 673-680页

作者： HAO Rong WAN Hong-Fu SONG Yan-Tun JIANG Hong PENG Shao-Lin South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 （China） Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control Guangdong Institute of Eco- Environment and Soil Sciences Guangzhou 510650 （China） School of Life Science Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 （China） Conservation Biology Institute 260 SW Madison Ave. Suite 106 Corvallis OR 97333 （USA）

The contributions of persistent organic pollutants （POPs） from the subtropical regions of China to pollution of the global environment have been paid great attention; however, little is known about the state of POPs in agricultural ecosystems within these regions of China. This study primarily revealed the state of the contamination and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAH） in agricultural soils in the subtropical regions. 115 surface soils （0-20 cm） were sampled in the breadbaskets of these regions. The concentrations and types of PAH were determined using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 22.1 to 1 256.9 ng g^-1 with a mean of 318.2 ± 148.2 ng g^-1. In general terms, the current PAH concentrations were lower than most PAH levels reported in a number of investigations from different countries and regions. PAH isomer ratios indicated that pyrolytic origins, such as fossil fuel combustion related to vehicle tail gas and industrial emissions, were the dominant sources of PAH in the southern subtropical areas of China. Although PAH concentrations decreased with decreasing pollution, population, and traffic density, to a great extent PAH compositions were similar throughout subtropical soils, with naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and benzo（b）fluoranthene being dominant.

关键词： agricultural soils polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons subtropical region

Abundance and sources of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic acids at an urban site in central China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 155-168页

作者： Luqi Shang Zhe Dong Zihan Li Mingkai Wang Zihan Kong Xiao Li Ruiqin Zhang School of Ecology and Environment Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Institute of Environmental Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

We conducted a simultaneous field study of PM_(2.5)-bound particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and aromatic acids(AAs)in a polluted city Zhengzhou to explore the concentration,sources and potential conversion pathways between PAHs and AAs in different *** average concentrations of PM_(2.5),28PAHs and 8AAs during the sampling period were 77μg/m^(3),75 ng/m^(3),and 283 ng/m^(3),*** concentration of both28PAHs and 8AAs were highest in winter and lowest in summer with ratios of 6.3 and 2.3,*** with 5-7 rings were the main components of PAHs(52%),followed by 4rings PAHs(30%)and 2-3 rings PAHs(18%).According to the source appointment results obtained by positive matrix factorization,the main sources of PAHs were combustion and vehicle emissions,which account for 37%and 34%,respectively.8AAs were divided into three groups,including four benzene dicarboxylic acids(B2CAs),three benzene tricarboxylic acids(B3CAs)and one benzene tetracarboxylic acid(B4CA).And interspecies correlation analysis with PM_(2.5)source markers were used to investigate potential *** acid(o-Ph)was the most abundant specie of 8AAs(157 ng/m^(3),55%of 8AAs),which was well correlated with ***,B3CAs and B4CA were highly correlated with sulfate and weakly correlated with levoglucosan,suggesting that secondary formation was their main *** logical oxidation products of PAHs,o-Ph and B3CAs showed good correlations with a number of PAHs,indicating possible photochemical oxidation pathway by *** addition,O_(3),NO_(2),temperature and relative humidity have positive effects on the secondary formation of B3CAs.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons aromatic acids Source appointment Secondary formation

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas ***2 isolated from active sewage sludge of chemical plant

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第12期24卷 2141-2148页

作者： Jing Ma Li Xu Lingyun Jia School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of TechnologyLiaoning 116023China

It is important to screen strains that can decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） completely and rapidly with good adaptability for bioremedlation in a local area. A bacterial strain JM2, which uses pbenanthrene as its sole carbon source, was isolated from the active sewage sludge from a chemical plant in Jilin, China and identified as Pseudomonas based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Although the optimal growth conditions were determined to be pH 6.0 and 37~C, JM2 showed a broad pH and temperature profile. At pH 4.5 and 9.3, JM2 could degrade more than 40% of fluorene and phenanthrene （50 mg/L each） within 4 days. In addition, when the temperature was as low as 4~C, JM2 could degrade up to 24% fluorene and 12% phenanthrene. This showed the potential for JM2 to be applied in bioremediation over winter or in cold regions. Moreover, a nutrient augmentation study showed that adding formate into media could promote PAH degradation, while the supplement of salicylate had an inhibitive effect. Furthermore, in a metabolic pathway study, salicylate, phthalic acid, and 9-fluorenone were detected during the degradation of fluorene or phenanthrene. In conclusion, Pseudomonas sp. JM2 is a high performance strain in the degradation of fluorene and phenanthrene under extreme pH and temperature conditions. It might be useful in the bioremediation of PAHs.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Pseudomonas sp. biodegradation formate salicylate

Source and deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Shanghai,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第1期24卷 116-123页

作者： Lili Yan Xiang Li Jianmin Chen Xinjun Wang Jianfei Du Lin Ma Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Department of Environmental Science EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Despite recent efforts to investigate the distribution and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in air, water, and soil, very little is known about their temporal change in wet deposition. As a result of increased attention to public health, a large-scale survey on the deposition flux and distribution of PAH contamination in rainwater was urgently conducted in Shanghai, China. In this study, 163 rainwater samples were collected from six sites, and 15 PAH compounds were detected by the use of a simple solid phase microextraction （SPME） technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dominant PAH species monitored were naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. The concentration of total PAHs per event was between 74 and 980 ng/L, with an average value of 481 ng/L, which is at the high end of worldwide figures. The annual deposition flux of PAHs in rainwater was estimated to be 4148 kg/yr in the Shanghai area, suggesting rainfall as a major possible pathway for removing PAHs from the atmosphere. Diagnostic analysis by the ratios of An/178 and Fl/Fl＋Py suggested that combustion of grass, wood, and coal was the major contributor to PAHs in the Shanghai region. Back trajectory analysis also indicated that the pollutant sources could be from the southern part of China.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons rainwater deposition flux source Shanghai

Particle size distribution and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during a heavy haze episode in Nanjing,China

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 127-134页

作者： Qingzi Meng Shuxian Fan Jiabao He Jian Zhang Yu Sun Yue Zhang Fan Zu Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences

A heavy haze episode caused by agricultural burning occurred in Nanjing from November 7 to November 8, 2009. PM10 samples were collected on normal and hazy days from November I to November 14, 2009 at both city and suburban sites of Nanjing. Sixteen PAHs were measured during the day and at night. The results show that the concentrations of the particles were as high as 579.55 and 573.43 μg/m^3 during the haze episode at the city and suburban sites, respectively, 3-4 times higher than those on a normal day. The proportions of fine particles during the haze episode were also higher than those on a normal day. The changes in the concentrations of PAHs were in accordance with the concentrations of the particles. High- molecular-weight PAHs composed approximately 80% of the total PAHs on normal days and during the haze episode. The concentration of PAHs in fine fractions significantly increased during the haze episode, and this increase was most obvious at night at the city site, The proportion of total carcinogenic PAHs in fine particles was relatively high during the haze episode at both sampling sites, particularly at night at the city site.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Agricultural burning Haze episode Particle size distribution Meteorological conditions Nanjing

Survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in arterial street air of Hangzhou

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期13卷 8-13页

作者： ZHU Li zhong LIU Yong jian Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310028China

The presence of particulate and vapor PAHs, SO2 and NOx and other interrelated conditions (temperature, traffic intensity and wind velocity) were investigated in the arterial street air of Hangzhou. The concentration of the nine PAHs in the air was mean to 11.7 μg/m3, and the content of benzo(a) pyrene was up to 0.108 μg/m3. The contents of PAHs in the sampling sites were in good relation to the traffic intensity, and would be also affected by the terrain and meteorological conditions. The occurrences of PAHs in ambient air were mainly affected by their physical, chemical characters and temperature. The three- and four-ring PAHs (MW&le228) mainly existed in the vapor phase and the five-ring PAHs (MW > 228) existed predominately in the particulate phase. The fraction of vapor PAHs in the total nine PAHs was 84.2% in the air of the sampling sites. In the morning and evening, the concentrations of PAHs in the arterial street air were higher than that on the noon and the diurnal variation of PAHs was similar to that of the traffic gas NOx. A conclusion would be drawn that the major source of PAHs in the arterial street air was the traffic. And the results indicated that 75% of BaP would come from traffic source and remaining 25% of BaP would come from non-traffic source.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons arterial street air pollution

Role of nutrients in the utilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by halotolerant bacterial strain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第2期23卷 282-287页

作者： Pugazhendi Arulazhagan Namsivayam Vasudevan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sung Kyun Kwan University300 CheonCheon-DongJangan-GuSuwon Gyeonggi-Do 440-746Republic of Korea Centre for Environmental Studies Anna UniversityChennai-600 025India

A halotolerant bacterial strain VA1 isolated from marine environment was studied for its ability to utilize polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） under saline condition. Anthracene and pyrene were used as representatives for the utilization of PAH by the bacterial strain. Glucose and sodium citrate were used as additional carbon sources to enhance the PAH utilization. The strain VA1 was able to utilize anthracene （73%） and pyrene （66%） without any additional substrate. In the presence of additional carbon sources （glucose]sodium citrate） the utilization of PAH was faster. PAH was utilized faster by VA 1 in the presence of glucose than sodium citrate. The stain utilized 87% and 83% of anthracene and pyrene with glucose as carbon source and with sodium citrate the strain utilized 81% and 76% respectively in 4 days. Urea as an alternative source of nitrogen also enhanced the utilization of PAHs （anthracene and pyrene） by the bacterial strain up to 88% and 84% in 4 days. Sodium nitrate as nitrogen source was not able to enhance the PAH utilization rate. Phenotypic and phlyogenetic analysis proved that the PAHs utilizing halotolerant strain VA1 belongs to Ochrobactrum sp.

关键词： biodegradation polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons hatotolerant, Ochrobactrum sp