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Levels and distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期21卷 468-473页

作者： GUO Li, ZHANG Bing, XIAO Ke, ZHANG Qinghua, ZHENG Minghui State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085, China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） have been measured in sewage sludge samples from 8 urban wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. The PCB congeners were analyzed by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method. The concentration of PCBs ranged from 65.6 to 157 ng/g dry weight （dw）, with a mean value of 101 ng/g dw. The dioxin-like PCB WHO-TEQs （World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalents） of the sludge were lower than 1 pg /g dw. Consequently, all the concentrations of PCBs in sludge samples were below the upper limit for land application according to the Chinese legislation law for agriculture use. The PCB homologue profiles in sludge samples were dominated by tri-CBs and tetra- CBs. Similar distributions have been found in one of the Chinese PCB commercial products. The patterns of dioxin-like and indicator congeners observed in this study were quite similar in all samples. The predominant congener for dioxin-like and indicator PCBs were PCB-118 and PCB-28, respectively, while PCB-126 had the highest TEQ value.

关键词： polychlorinated biphenyls wastewater treatment plant sewage sludge distribution

Enhanced hepatotoxicity induced by repeated exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in combination in male rats

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第1期23卷 119-124页

作者： Yimei Wang Chunfeng Lu Zhiguo Sheng Gang Liu Ze Fu Benzhan Zhu Shuangqing Peng Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology Institute of Disease Control and Prevention Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing 100071 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Department of Pharmacology Basic Medical College Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD） and polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） are among persistent polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that exist as complex mixtures in the environment worldwide. The present study was attempted to investigate the hepatotoxicity following repeated exposure to TCDD and PCBs in combination in male rats, and to reveal the involvement of potential mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to TCDD （10 Ixg/kg） and Aroclor 1254 （10 mg/kg, a representative mixture of PCBs） alone or in combination by intragastric administration. After 12-day exposure, all treatments produced significant hepatotoxicity as characterized by changes of plasma biochemistry and histopathological changes. These effects were more prominent in the combined group. Furthermore, all treatments induced hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 （CYP1A1） expression, and the maximal level of CYP1A1 expression was observed in the combined group, as in the case of the most severe hepatotoxicity evoked by the combined exposure. These findings indicated that the hepatotoxicity induced by TCDD and Aroclor 1254 might be ascribed to the high expression of hepatic CYP1A1. The present study demonstrates the enhanced hepatotoxicity after exposure to TCDD and PCBs in combination in rats.

关键词： 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin polychlorinated biphenyls combined exposure hepatotoxicity

Distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface water and sediments from Baiyangdian Lake in North China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1640-1649页

作者： Guohua Dai Xinhui Liu Gang Liang Xu Han Liu Shi Dengmiao Cheng Wenwen Gong State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beifing Normal University Beifing 100875 China

Persistent organochlorine compounds, including hexachlorocyclohexanes （HCHs）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs） and polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were analyzed in surface water and sediments from Balyangdian Lake, North China. Total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in surface water were in the range of 3.13-10.60, 4.05-20.59 and 19.46-131.62 ng/L, respectively, and total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in sediments were 1.75-5.70, 0.91-6.48 and 5.96-29.61 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Among the groups of HCHs （sum of α-HCH, β-HCH, y-HCH and 6-HCH） and DDTs （sum of DDT, DDD and DDE）, the predominance of β-HCH, DDE and DDD in water and sediment samples was clearly observed. This observation suggested that β-HCH was resistant to biodegradation and the DDTs had been transformed to its metabolites, DDE and DDD. For PCBs, penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners were the most abundant compounds in the both phases. Furthermore, the partitioning of chlorinated compounds between sediment and water was investigated to understand their transport and fates in aquatic ecosystems. The results indicated that average logs of organic carbon-normalized sediment-water partition coefficients （logK∝） for OCPs varied between 3.20 and 5.53, and for PCBs, logK∝ values ranged from 3.19 to 5.57. The observed logK∝ was lower than their equilibrium logK∝ predicted from linear model, which may be attributed to the solubility enhancement effect of colloidal matter in water phase and the disequilibrium between sediment and water.

关键词： oranochlorine pesticides polychlorinated biphenyls water sediment Baiyangdian Lake North China

Using electrotopological state indices to model the depuration rates of polychlorinated biphenyls in mussels of Elliptio complanata

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1544-1550页

作者： Lei Wang Xinhui Liu Zhengjun Shan Lili Shi . Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences/Key laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control Ministry of Environmental Protection Nanjing 210042 China. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

A quantitative structure-activity relationship （QSAR） model on depuration rate constants （ka） of polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata was successfully constructed using electrotopological state indices （ESI） and partial least squares （PLS） regression. The cross validated 2 Qcum and the correlation coefficient R for the model were determined to be 0.845 and 0.954, respectively. The satisfactory Q2cum and R values indicated significantly high robustness and good predictive ability for the model. The model was tested and found acceptable for the prediction of logkd （the logarithm of the deputation rate constants） by validation set. According to the model, an increase in the values of Saasc, S5＇, S4, S5 and S4＇, led to increased logkd, and a decrease in the values of Na, S2, and S6 also resulted in increased logkd. Among these descriptors, Ncl, S aasC, S5＇,, S4 and S5 made significant contributions to the value of logkd. These significant descriptors showed that the depuration of PCBs in Elliptio complanata may be mainly attributed to an equilibrium partitioning process among compartments with different lipid contents, while the reactivity of PCBs with enzymes or other molecules may play a subordinate role.

关键词： deputation polychlorinated biphenyls electrotopological state indices QSAR Elliptio complanata

Remediation of soil heavily polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls using a low-temperature plasma technique

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第2期8卷 277-283页

作者： Xiuhua LI Haibo ZHANG Yongming LUO Ying TENG Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were removed by low-temperature plasma technique （dielectric barrier discharge） from heavily polluted soil and their intermediate products were analyzed. The removal rate ranged from 40.1 to 84.6% by different treatments, and they were also influenced significantly （P 〈 0.01） by soil particle-size, electric power, gas flow rate and reaction time. The optimal reaction conditions of PCB removal from the soil were obtained experimentally when soil particle-size, electrical power, flow rate and reaction time were 5-10mm, 21w, 120mL. rain and 90rain, respectively. However, decreasing electrical power, flow rate and reaction time to 18 w, 60 mL. min- and 60 min respectively were also acceptable in view of the cost of remediation. This technique was characterized by the additional advantage of thorough oxidation of PCBs in the soil, with no formation of intermediate products after reaction. The technique therefore shows some promise for application in the remediation of soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants in brown field sites in urban areas.

关键词： polychlorinated biphenyls low-temperature plasma soil contamination intermediate products

Development and characterization of new polyclonal antibodies specific for three polychlorinated biphenyls

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第4期20卷 496-500页

作者： Han Yu Chen Hui Sheng Zhuang Chun Zhou College of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Environment Engineering Pingdingshan Institute of Technology Henan 467000 China

Three polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） congeners and their corresponding haptens bearing four carbon length carboxylic groups that can be linked to a protein for raising antibodies were synthesized. The three resultant immunogens were fabricated and used to stimulate immune responses in rabbits to survey the characteristics of the haptens. Three of the resultant polyclonal antibodies （Pabs） were obtained. The antiserum exhibited relatively high antibody titres （1：32-64） in double agar diffusion.

关键词： Immunoassays polychlorinated biphenyls Haptens Immunogens Polyclonal antibodies

Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in prawns and a mud crab from mixed-aquaculture ponds

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第6期28卷 111-117页

作者： JIANG Jinhua Environmental Engineering Department Taizhou College Linhai 317000 China

The bioaccumulation of ten polychlorinated biphenyl （PCB） congeners was investigated within different tissues in three prawns （Penaeusorientalis Kishinouce, Laomedia astacina de Haan and Penaeus vannamei Boone） and one mud crab （Scylla serrata Forsskal） from mixed-aquaculture ponds in Taizhou in April 2007. The average concentrations （wet mass） of ∑ PCBs in muscle, head, and rind tissues for mean among these prawn species were 7.04, 21.16, and 11.47 ng/g, respectively. The average concentrations of ∑ PCBs in muscle, branchia, and spawn in Scylla serrata were 6.49, 21.13, and 19.76 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of CB28 were the highest in prawn tissues （2.40 ng/g）, and accounted for 18.60% of ∑ PCBs. The concentration of CB52 was the lowest. The application of principal component analysis （PCA） for the estimation of PCB sources of contamination resulted in first component main contributions of CB101, CB153 and CB28 in the muscle, head, and rind in combined prawn samples, respectively. The enrichment level of PCBs for different tissues varied greatly. The accumulation coefficient of ∑ PCBs in prawn muscle, head, and rind tissues were 396.35, 1 191.79, and 645.91, respectively. For the Scylla serrata, the accumulation coefficients were 365.81, 1 190.50, and 1 113.31 for muscle, branchia, and spawn tissues, respectively. For prawns, the accumulation coefficient of CB153 was the highest in muscle tissues, while CB155 had the highest coefficients in the head and rind tissues. The CB155 coefficient was the highest in spawn tissues of the mud crab.

关键词： bioaccumulation polychlorinated biphenyls prawn Scylla serrata

Ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in water and surface sediment samples from Akaki River catchment,central Ethiopia

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 396-404页

作者： Alemnew Berhanu Kassegne Jonathan O.Okonkwo Tarekegn Berhanu Adegbenro P.Daso Olubiyi I.Olukunle Seyoum Leta Asfaw Department of Chemistry Debre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 455Debre BerhanEthiopia Center for Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Environmental Water&Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology175 Nelson Mandela DrivePrivate Bag X680ArcadiaPretoriaSouth Africa Central Research Laboratory Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityP.O.Box 16417Addis AbabaEthiopia School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA

The current status of persistent organic pollutants in Ethiopian environment is not well monitored despite the existing pollution potential from a number of *** and sediment samples collected from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel Reservoir,Central Ethiopia were analyzed to assess the concentrations,distribution,possible sources and potential ecological risk of eight organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)and seven polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs).Water and sediment samples were extracted by liquid-liquid and Soxhlet extraction respectively,and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(GC-MS).The detectable OCPs and PCBs in water samples were DDT,DDE,DDD,lindane and dieldrin and PCB-28,PCB-101 and PCB-118,respectively in the rainy *** sediment samples showed the presence of lindane in the dry and p,p’-DDT,p,p’-DDE,p,p’-DDD,a,b-endosulfan,heptachlor epoxide(B),and dieldrin in the rainy *** the indicator PCBs analyzed,sediment samples showed the presence of PCB-52,PCB-101 and PCB-118 in the dry and all indicator PCBs in the rainy *** analysis showed that PCBs and detected OCPs were mainly from the historical input of commercial products,but there were recent discharge of DDT and lindane into the river *** risk assessment of the analyzed OCPs and PCBs using water and sediment quality guidelines indicated that lindane in the dry and p’-DDT,p,p’-DDE,p,p’-DDD,heptachlore epoxide and dieldrin in the rainy seasons in the sediment samples from Akaki river and Aba Samuel reservoir were above the limit at most of the *** suggests there is greater possibility of higher ecological hazards in these ***,the levels of total PCB concentrations and other OCPs at all sites were below the limit and thus their potential ecotoxicological risks were rather low.

关键词： Akaki river Organochlorine pesticides polychlorinated biphenyls Sediment Water

Global occurrence,bioaccumulation factors and toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in tuna:A review

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 388-395页

作者： Jingqian Xie Zhihe Bian Tian Lin Ling Tao Qiang Wu Ming Chu College of Marine Ecology and Environment Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and ResourcesGuangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China

polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)tend to accumulate in adipose tissue and induce toxicity due to their high lipophilicity and *** play an important role in the ocean food web and human *** can damage the growth of tuna directly and have some adverse effects on human *** review aims to provide geographic variations,bioaccumulation factors and the toxic effects of PCBs in *** levels found were varied significantly among the different regions and it showed a trend of offshore greater than pelagic,with the northern hemisphere higher than the southern *** highest PCB concentration of tuna was in FAO area *** all of the specimens presented similar domain configuration,while their concentrations varied *** congeners and concentrations in tuna were affected by a vast of factors,such as geographical distribution,tissue types,trophic level and growth stage,gender,tuna species and physical and chemical properties of *** can damage reproductive,neurologic and development *** review gives a systematic insight into PCBs in tuna and highlights the more attention should be paid to the long-term changes of PCBs in tuna and *** is also a need to strengthen the assessment of PCB impacts on tuna ecology.

关键词： Tuna polychlorinated biphenyls Occurrence characteristics Influential factors Toxic effects