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pollution sources of atmospheric fine particles and secondary aerosol characteristics in Beijing

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第9期32卷 91-98页

作者： Xi Zhang Kai Zhang Huiping Liu Wenli Lv Masahide Aikawa Bing Liu Jinhe Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Co-Innovation Center for Green Building of Shandong ProvinceShandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101China Faculty of Environmental Engineering The University of Kitakyushu1-1HibikinoWakamatsuKitakyushuFukuoka 808-0135Japan Qingdao Hongrui Electric Power Engineering Consulting Co. LtdQingdao 266100China Resources and Environment Innovation Research Institute School of Municipal and Environmental EngineeringShandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

To investigate the secondary formation and pollution sources of atmospheric particles in urban Beijing,PM2.5 and its chemical components were collected and determined by URG-9000 D ambient ion monitor(AIM) from March 2016 to January 2017.Among water-soluble ions(WSIs), NO3-,SO42- and NH4+(SNA) had the largest proportion(77.8%) with the total concentration of 23.8 μg/m3.Moreover,as fine particle pollution worsened,the NO3-,SO42- and NH4+ concentrations increased basically,which revealed that secondary aerosols were the main cause of particle pollution in Beijing.Furthermore,the particle neutralization ratio(1.1),the ammonia to sulfate molar ratio(3.4) and the nitrate to sulfate molar ratio(2.2) showed that secondary aerosols are under ammonium-rich conditions with the main chemical forms of NH4 NO3 and(NH4)2 SO4,and vehicle emission could be the main anthropogenic source of secondary aerosols in Beijing.Source analysis further indicated that secondary aerosols,solid fuel combustion,dust and marine aerosol were the principal pollution sources of PM2.5,accounting for about 46.1%,22.4% and 13.0%,respectively,and Inner Mongolia and Hebei Provinces could be considered as the main potential sources of PM2.5 in urban Beijing.In addition,secondary formation process was closely related with gaseous precursor emission amounts(SO2,NO2,NH3 and HONG),atmospheric ozone concentration(O3),meteorological conditions(temperature and relative humidity) and particle components.Sensitive analysis of the thermodynamic equilibrium model(ISORROPIA Ⅱ)revealed that controlling total nitrate(TN) is the effective measure to mitigate fine particle pollution in Beijing.

关键词： pollution aerosol sources

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Plastic effects on marine and freshwater environments

Water Biology and Security

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Water Biology and Security 2024年第1期3卷 23-27页

作者： Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa Technology Development Center Universidade Federal de PelotasRua Gomes Carneiro196010-610PelotasRSBrazil

In the 1930s,plastic items started to acquire popularity.Since then,they have overcome many barriers and are now important to many facets of society.Post-consumer plastic,however,is an environmental problem of increasing concern.Marine and freshwater environments are being impaired by plastic pollution,which is mostly the result of improper post-use plastic disposal.Herein I review recent literature on plastic effects to marine and freshwater environments,based on a Scopus search.Authors'keywords were analyzed and mapped.Results depicted microplastics as a global concern for the environment,animals,and human health,and was identified as a primary research focus and emerging topic concerning plastic effects on marine and freshwater environments.The foremost research gap is the lack of clear connections between the effects of plastic on human health,animal health,and the environment.Water pollution and its consequences on marine and freshwater environments are attributed primarily to human activity.

关键词： Bibliometric analysis Bibliometric mapping Microplastics pollution

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Impacts of air pollution and meteorological conditions on dry eye disease among residents in a northeastern Chinese metropolis:a six-year crossover study in a cold region

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第9期12卷 1757-1770页

作者： Cheng-Wei Lu Jing Fu Xiu-Fen Liu Zhi-Hua Cui Wei-Wei Chen Li Guo Xiao-Lan Li Yu Ren Fei Shao Li-Na Chen Ji-Long Hao Opthalmology Department The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021China Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China College of New Energy and Environment Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021China China College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological AdministrationShenyang 110166China

The purpose of this study is to explore the associations among dry eye disease(DED),air pollution,and meteorological conditions in the cold region of a northeastern Chinese metropolis(i.e.,Changchun).Data on ambient air pollutants and meteorological parameters as well as diagnosed DED outpatients during 2015–2021 were collected.The associations between DED and environmental factors were analysed at multiple time scales using various statistical methods(i.e.,correlation,regression and machine learning).Among the 10,809 DED patients(21,617 eyes)studied,64.60%were female and 35.40%were male.A higher frequency of DED was observed in March and April,followed by January,August and October.Individual and multiple factor models showed the positive importance of particles with aerodynamic diameterspollution control and climate change mitigation.

关键词： pollution meteorological northeastern

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Seasonal variation characteristics of hydroxyl radical pollution and its potential formation mechanism during the daytime in Lanzhou

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第9期32卷 58-64页

作者： Guoying Wang Shiming Jia Ruihong Li Shangrong Ma Xuefu Chen Zhijun Wu Gaofeng Shi Xiuli Niu School of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and pollution Control(Peking University) College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Gansu Food Inspection and Research Institute Lanzhou 730030China

Hydroxyl free radicals(OH radicals) play the main role in atmospheric chemistry and their involving reactions are the dominant rate determining step in the formation of secondary fine particulate matter and in the removal of air pollutants from the atmosphere.In this paper,we studied the seasonal variation characteristics of OH radicals during the daytime in Lanzhou and explored the potential formation mechanism of high concentration OH radicals.We found that the OH radicals in four seasons was 2.7×106,2.6×106,3.1×106, and2.2×106 cm-3,respectively.Since the rainfall was concentrated in summer,the wet deposition had a significant effect on removing OH radicals.Among the four pollutants(including ozone(O3),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),nitrogen dioxide(NO2) and fine particulate matter(PM2.5)),the variation of OH radicals were closely related to ozone concentration especially in spring and summer.In autumn,the correlation between PM2.5 and OH radicals were the closest among the observing pollutants and its formation mechanism was different conventional regeneration pathway.In Event 1,high concentration of ozone was the main source of OH radicals;under the high humidity condition,except for ozone,the multiple factors including VOCs,NO2 and PM2.5 interplayed and leaded to the Event 2.

关键词： pollution ozone radicals

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One century sedimentary record of lead and zinc pollution in Yangzong Lake, a highland lake in southwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第7期24卷 1189-1196页

作者： Enlou Zhang Enfeng Liu Ji Shen Yanmin Cao Yanling Li State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Reconstruction of trace metal pollution histories and sources may help us to regulate current pollutant discharge. This is especially important for the highland lakes in southwestern China, which are facing trace metals pollution. We present sedimentary records of 11 metals accumulated in Yangzong Lake since the 1870＇s, a highland lake in southwestern China. pollution of lead and zinc （Pb and Zn） was differentiated based on principal component analysis, geochemical normalization, and lead isotope ratios. Nearly all the metals as well as grain size composition show generally constant values before the mid-1980＇s, denoting stable detrital input in the catchment. Fluctuations in the concentrations of the metals as well as grain size composition since the mid-1980＇s indicate an increase in soil erosion with strengthened human disturbance in the catchment. After geochemical normalization, Pb and Zn showed constant values before 1990 AD and then a gradual increase in parallel with the variations in 2~spb/~~6pb and 2~7pb/2~6pb ratios, indicating that Pb and Zn pollution occurred. Combining the data of 20PPb/206Ppb and 207Pb/206Pb ratios in the sediments of Yangzong Lake, leaded gasoline, Pb-Zn ore and coal, and consumption or production historical trends, we deduced that the enhanced Pb and Zn pollution in Yangzong Lake is caused primarily by ore mining and refining.

关键词： Pb, Zn pollution temporal trend sediment Yangzong Lake

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Impact of emission reduction on aerosol-radiation interaction during heavy pollution periods over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第9期32卷 2-13页

作者： Wei Wen Chunwei Guo Xin Ma Xiujuan Zhao Lei Liu Dan Chen Jing Xu Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China National Meteorological Center Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

In December 2015,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region experienced several episodes of heavy air pollution.The government immediately issued emergency control measures to reduce the pollution,which provided a good opportunity to explore the impact of emission reduction on aerosol-radiation interaction.In this study,four tests were conducted,including the basel simulation with emission reduction and aerosol-radiation interaction on,the base2 simulation with emission reduction and aerosol-radiation interaction off,the scenariol simulation without emission reduction and aerosol-radiation interaction on and the scenario2 simulation without emission reduction and aerosol-radiation interaction off.We find that the aerosol-radiation interaction decreased the downward shortwave radiation and the temperature at 2 m,reduced the planetary boundary layer height(PBLH) in the region,and increased the relative humidity at 2 m,which is favorable for pollution accumulation.Our results revealed that the interaction effect due to emission reductions increased downward shortwave radiation by an average of 0-5 W/m2,leading to increase in surface temperature of 0-0.05℃,increase in the daytime mean PBL high of 0-8 m,and decrease in daytime mean relative humidity at 2 m of 0.5%.We found that if there were aerosol-radiation interaction,it would enhance the effectiveness of emission control measures on air pollution control.The enhance of PM2.5(particulate matter less than 2.5 um),PM10(particulate matter less than 10 um),and NO2(nitrogen dioxide) emission reduction effects reached7.62%,6.90%,11.62%,respectively,over this region.

关键词： pollution. pollution aerosol

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A Modelling Study on PM_(2.5)-Related Health Impacts from Climate Change and Air pollution Emission Control--China,2010s and 2040s

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China CDC weekly 2021年第23期3卷 500-506页

作者： Jing Huang Heng Tian Jiawei Wang Teng Yang Yiran Peng Shaowei Wu Tzung-May Fu Guoxing Li Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences Peking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina Beijing Goldwind Science&Creation Windpower Equipment Co. LtdBeijingChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Public HealthXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anShaanxiChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina

What is already known about this topic?Climate change and air pollution are two important environmental issues in China.It is important to investigate particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm(PM2.5)-related health impacts from climate change and air pollution emission control.What is added by this report?Deaths and years of life lost related to PM2.5 would increase in climate change scenario,although emission control would outweigh the influence of climate change.What are the implications for public health practice?More targeted actions should be taken to meet challenges of exacerbated PM2.5 pollutions and its health impacts related to climate change in the future.

关键词： pollution China. pollution

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Changes in air pollution during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain:A multi-city study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 16-26页

作者： Álvaro Briz-Redón Carolina Belenguer-Sapiña Ángel Serrano-Aroca Statistics Office City Council of Valenciac/Arquebisbe Mayoral246002 ValenciaValenciaSpain Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Valenciac/Doctor Moliner 5046100 BurjassotValenciaSpain Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártirc/Guillem de Castro 9446001 ValenciaValenciaSpain

The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated into one of the largest crises of the 21 st Century.The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus,responsible for COVID-19,has spread rapidly all around the world.The Spanish Government was forced to declare a nationwide lockdown in view of the rapidly spreading virus and high mortality rate in the nation.This study investigated the impact of short-term lockdown during the period from March 15th to April 12th 2020 on the atmospheric levels of CO,SO_(2),PM_(10),O_(3),and NO_(2)over 11 representative Spanish cities.The possible influence of several meteorological factors(temperature,precipitation,wind,sunlight hours,minimum and maximum pressure)on the pollutants'levels were also considered.The results obtained show that the 4-week lockdown had significant impact on reducing the atmospheric levels of NO_(2)in all cities except for the small city of Santander as well as CO,SO_(2),and PM_(10)in some cities,but resulted in increase of O_(3)level.

关键词： COVID-19 Lockdown Air quality pollution Meteorology

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Heavy metal pollution in Tianjin Bohai Bay,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第7期20卷 814-819页

作者： MENG Wei QIN Yanwen ZHENG Binghui River and Coastal Environment Research Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The contamination levels and distribution characters of heavy metals in coastal waters and sediments from Tianjin Bohai Bay,China were examined.Pb and Zn were found as the main heavy metal pollutants in the coastal waters of the bay.High levels of Pb and Zn appeared especially near the estuary,indicating that river discharge was the main pollution source.Moreover,atmospheric deposition resulted in Pb contamination in the middle of the embayment.Analysis of data for the period 1987-2004 indicated that Pb pol...

关键词： heavy metals pollution Tianjin Bohai Bay China

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Air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2014–2016

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 8-20页

作者： Tao Ma Fengkui Duan Kebin He Yu Qin Dan Tong Guannan Geng Xuyan Liu Hui Li Shuo Yang Siqi Ye Beiyao Xu Qiang Zhang Yongliang Ma State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and pollution Control School of Environment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China National Satellite Meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O3,decreased. Spatially, the PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO2 and O3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM2.5 was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O3, PM10, and NO2.However, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O3 pollution worsened.Meteorological conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM2.5 concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity.The air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission reductions.During 2014–2016, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, NH3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region.

关键词： Air pollution Spatiotemporal variation Meteorological condition Emission inventory Regional transport Yangtze River Delta

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