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Population Dynamic of Olive Pit Scale,pollinia pollini Costa(Hemiptera:Asterolecanidae)on Two Olive Cultivars in North Region of Jordan

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2019年第1期9卷 1-7页

作者： Hail Kamel Shannag Nawaf Mohammed Freihat Mazin Ahmed Alkelani John Lowell Capinera Department of Plant Production Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan Department of Entomology and Nematology University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida 32611United States of America

Olive tree,Olea europaea L.,is considered the most important tree in *** olive pit scale,pollinia pollini Costa(Hemiptera:Asterolecanidae)has become a destructive threat to some olive groves in Jordan.A field study was conducted in an olive grove located in Northern Jordan during the growing season of 2015 to determine the population dynamics of this pest on two olive cultivars:Grossidi and Nebali Baladi,grown under rain-fed *** twigs were randomly sampled from the periphery of the canopy on each experimental tree at on month intervals throughout the entire *** sample was inspected thoroughly under a dissecting microscope in the laboratory for the presence of the immature and mature pit scale *** Grossidi olive cultivar was significantly more susceptible to *** than Nebali Baladi,as indicated by the development of higher populations throughout the *** was strong evidence that *** overwintered as *** generations were recorded per *** first generation occurred in February and March,followed by others from May to June and from August to November,*** first two generations were significantly larger than the third *** on these observations,the greatest abundance of crawlers occurs in mid-March and mid-May,and therefore,application of insecticides is recommended during this period of time,since crawlers lack a waxy covering on their body and thus facilitates the chemical penetration through the cuticle,making them more susceptible to ***,farmers are encouraged to cultivate the native Nebali Baladi cultivar rather than the more susceptible,introduced Grossidi cultivar in areas subject to heavy infestation.

关键词： pollinia pollini Olea europaea olive cultivar population dynamic

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Understanding the Phylomorphological Implications of pollinia from <i>Dendrobium</i>(Orchidaceae)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第6期3卷 816-828页

作者： Bhupendra Chaudhary Pritam Chattopadhyay Neetu Verma Nirmalya Banerjee 1School of Biotechnology Gautam Buddha University Greater Noida India Department of Botany Visva-Bharati University San-tiniketan India.

We aim to evaluate the evolutionary trends of pollen ultra-structures and microstructures in the light of molecular phylogeny, and to test whether pollen micromorphology is a predictor of interspecific phylogenetic relationship or a consequence of ecological influences. Using scanning electron microscopy pollinia micromorphologies of 18 species of the genus Dendrobium were comprehensively examined. A phylogenetic tree from ribosomal-ITS2 sequences was constructed reflecting molecular phylogeny. In result, two major clusters were identified representing the sections Aporum, Formoase Dendrobium and Holochrysa. The section Dendrobium could be further classified, for the first time, into two clades sharing the same root of origin. Variations in the shape of pollinia were distinct and consistent constituting six novel groups. Other qualitative/quantitative keys to pollinia showed congruence with molecular phylogeny and supported the correlated evolution of these traits. Concurrently pollen sculpturing also showed large variation in exine morphology (rugular/psilate to psilate-scabrate/rugulate-scabrate) providing explicit clues for phylogenetic trend of exine evolution. For the characteristic sculpturing on the pollinia surface, a simple version of pre-pattern model is also hypothesized for deeper insight into pattern formation in other biological systems. Results indicated that distinct groups of Dendrobium species have parallel and independent evolution accompanied with genetic changes occurred during species diversification. Thus pollen micromorphology is a good candidate for inferring the genetic relationship at inter-specific level having phylogenetic implications even using abundant palynological records.

关键词： pollinia Orchids ITS2 Exine Morphology Phylogeny

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