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Delayed Selfing in an Alpine Biennial Gentianopsis paludosa(Gentianaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第6期52卷 593-599页

作者： Yuan-Wen Duan Amots Dafni Qin-Zheng Hou Ya-Ping He Jian-Quan Liu Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Laboratory of pollination Ecology Institute of Evolution Faculty of Science and Science Education Haifa University Haifa 31905 Israe

Delayed selfing could provide ovules with an opportunity to be fertilized as a means of ＂pollination assurance＂ before the flowers wilt. It could, thus, be regarded as an adaptation to unpredictable pollinator environments. Within the alpine biennial Gentianopsis paludosa, the showy flowers and herkogamy at the early stage of a flower＇s life cycle may favor outcrossing. As the flower ages, anthers contact the central stigma due to the elongation of all filaments, resulting in autonomous selfing. Flower visitors are extremely rare in a high altitude population; and examination of the mating system indicates that G. paludosa is self-pollinated under natural conditions in this population. While at the lower altitude, the bumblebee visitation rate is relatively high but possibly unreliable. Stigma receptivity is the highest on the third day of anthesis, and decreases thereafter. Pollen viability is the highest when flowers open, and gradually decreases later. Self-pollination of G. paludosa occurs at the late stage of a flower＇s lifecycle when stigma receptivity and pollen viability have both decreased, suggesting delayed selfing and assurance of seed production. This delayed selfing could assure seed production under the constraints of pollinator scarcity, but ensure outcrossing when pollinators were available. Such a flexible pollination mechanism is highly adaptive in the alpine environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Selfs Selfing Pollinators pollination Self pollination

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Potential role of lava lizards as pollinators across the Galápagos Islands

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第2期15卷 144-148页

作者： Sandra HERVÍAS-PAREJO Manuel NOGALES Beatriz GUZMÁN María del Mar TRIGO Jens MOLESEN Pablo VARGAS Ruben HELENO Anna TRAVESET Global Change Research Group Mediterranean Institute for Advanced StudiesMallorcaBalearic IslandsSpain Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group Institute of Natural Products and AgrobiologyCanary IslandsSpain Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid MadridSpain Department of Plant Biology Málaga UniversityMálagaSpain Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Lizards have been reported as important pollinators on several oceanic islands.Here we evaluate the potential role of Galápagos lava lizards(Microlophus spp.)as pollinators across their radiation.Over 3 years,we sampled pollen transport by 9 lava lizard species on the 10 islands where they are present,including 7 single-island endemics.Overall,only 25 of 296 individuals sampled(8.4%)transported pollen of 10 plant species,the most common being Prosopis juliflora,Exodeconus miersii,Sesuvium sp.and Cordia leucophlyctis.At least 8 of these plant species were native,and none were confirmed as introduced to the archipelago.Despite the low overall proportion of individuals carrying pollen,this was observed in 7 of the nine lizard species,and on 8 of the ten main islands(Española,Fernandina,Floreana,Isabela,Marchena,Pinta,Santa Cruz and Santiago),suggesting that this is a widespread interaction.The results reported here support the potential role of lava lizards as pollinators across their radiation,although they may represent a relatively modest contribution when compared with birds and insects.However,we cannot discard that lizards may be ecologically significant for particular plant species and ecosystems given the specific climatic condition and functional diversity of each island.

关键词： flower visitation Microlophus spp. mutualistic interactions pollination vertebrate radiation

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Ozone disrupts the communication between plants and insects in urban and suburban areas:an updated insight on plant volatiles

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1337-1349页

作者： Noboru Masui Evgenios Agathokleous Tomoki Mochizuki Akira Tani Hideyuki Matsuura Takayoshi Koike Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province Institute of EcologySchool of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044People’s Republic of China School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science CASBeijing 100085People’s Republic of China

Plant-insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity conservation.To attain the international Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood to maintain the health of green infrastructure.The role of ground-level ozone(0_(3)) as an environmental stress disrupting interaction webs is presented.Ozone mixing ratios in suburbs are usually higher than in the center of cities and may reduce photosynthetic productivity at a relatively higher degree.Consequently,carbon-based defense capacities of plants may be suppressed by elevated 0_(3) more in the suburbs.However,contrary to this expectation,grazing damages by leaf beetles have been severe in some urban centers in comparison with the suburbs.To explain differences in grazing damages between urban areas and suburbs,the disruption of atmospheric communication signals by elevated 0_(3) via changes in plant-regulated biogenic volatile organic compounds and long-chain fatty acids are considered.The ecological roles of plant volatiles and the effects of 0_(3) from both a chemical and a biological perspective are presented.Ozone-disrupted plant volatiles should be considered to explain herbivory phenomena in urban and suburban systems.

关键词： Biological interactions Elevated O_3 Insect grazing pollination Plant defense mechanisms

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Reproductive biology of Magnolia sinica(Magnoliaecea),a threatened species with extremely small populations in Yunnan,China

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Plant Diversity 2016年第5期38卷 253-258页

作者： Ye Chen Gao Chen Jing Yang Weibang Sun Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201 YunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina

Magnolia sinica is one of the most threatened trees endemic to Southeast Yunnan.Based on our investigations,only 52 individuals and eight populations are found in the wild.M.sinica has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and identified as a "Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP)".Its fruit/seed set is very low and seedlings are rarely found in the wild.It is hypothesized that it may encounter obstacles to reproductive success.This study,therefore,focuses on its reproductive biology,knowledge of which is essential for effective conservation.Flowers of this species are protogynous and nocturnal,and possess a two-day rhythm of sexual presentation.For the first night of anthesis,the flowers are in the pistillate stage during which tepals open at dusk and close approx.1 h later(except for the open outer ones).They remain closed until the next afternoon,when flowers,now in the staminate stage,re-open and remain so until the tepals drop.Nocturnal beetles enter into the flowers and remain trapped throughout the night as the flower closes,during which time they feed on tepals.Pollen-gathering bees are found to visit the re-opened flowers and the beetles are released during this stage.Two species of Pleocomidae and Curculionidae beetles appear to be effective pollinators.M.sinica is a self-compatible,pollinator-dependent species,and its fruit/seed set can be significantly increased by hand-pollination.No functional seed dispersers have been found in its extant natural habitats.These findings suggest that it may face both pollination and seed disperser insufficiencies in its current fragmented habitats,which may account for its low regeneration.Here we propose conservation strategies based on our findings.

关键词： Magnolia sinica PSESP Flowering process pollination Seed dispersal Germination

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Histological analysis of pollen-pistil interactions in sour passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis Sims)

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BIOCELL 2012年第2期36卷 83-90页

作者： HÉRIKA CHAGAS MADUREIRA TELMA NAIR SANTANA PEREIRA MAURA DA CUNHA DENISE ESPELLET KLEIN Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroAv.Alberto Lamego 2000-Horto28013-602Campos dos Goytacazes-RJBrazil Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroAv.Alberto Lamego 2000-Horto28013-602Campos dos Goytacazes-RJBrazil Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro-RJBrazil

The success of sexual plant reproduction is directly influenced by specific interactions between the pollen and pistil.Light,fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to evaluate the steps of pollination in sour passion fruit plants(Passiflora edulis Sims).In the compatible interaction,pollen tubes grow through stigma projections towards the ovary.The pollen grain surface was found to be spheroidal and to consist of heteroreticulate exine with six colpi.Furthermore,analysis in vivo of pollenpistil interactions indicated that stigmas of flowers 24 hours before anthesis are unable to discriminate compatible(genetically unrelated)and incompatible(genetically related)pollen grains.Taken together,these results provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying pollination in passion fruit plants.

关键词： flower pollen tube pollination stigma

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Intrafloral differentiation of stamens in heterantherous flowers

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第1期47卷 43-56页

作者： 1,2Zhong-Lai LUO 1,2Lei GU 1Dian-Xiang ZHANG 1(South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Flowers that have heteromorphic stamens (heterantherous flowers) have intrigued many researchers ever since the phenomenon was discovered in the 19th century. The morphological differentiation in androecia has been suggested as a reflection of "labor division" in pollination in which one type of stamens attracts pollinators and satisfies their demand for pollen as food and the other satisfies the plant’s need for safe gamete dispersal. The extent and patterns of stamen differentiation differ notably among taxa with heterantherous flowers. Seven species with heteromorphic stamens in three genera were sampled from Leguminosae and Melastomataceae, and the morphological difference of androecia, pollen content, pollen histochemistry and viability, pollen micro-morphology, as well as the main pollinators were examined and compared. Pollen number differs significantly between stamen sets of the same flower in most species investigated, and a correlation of pollen number and anther size was substantiated. Higher pollen viabilities were found in the long (pollinating) stamens of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. and S. bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. Dimorphic pollen exine ornamentation is reported here for the first time in Fordiophyton faberi Stapf. The height of stigma and anther tips of the long stamens in natural conditions was proved to be highly correlated, supporting the hypothesis that they contact similar areas of the pollinator’s body.

关键词： buzz pollination heteranthery labor division pollen micro-morphology pollen number pollination stamen differentiation

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The flowerpiercers interactions with a community of high Andean plants

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Avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 181-194页

作者： Jairo Andrés Cuta-Pineda Luis Alejandro Arias-Sosa Roxibell C.Pelayo Research Group“Grupo Ecología de Organismos(GEO-UPTC)” TunjaColom-bia Maestría en Ciencia Biológicas Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaTunjaColombia Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecológicas(ICAE) Universidad de Los AndesMéridaVenezuela

Background:Flowerpiercers(Diglossa)are traditionally considered as“parasites”of the pollination processes,as they can access the nectar without entering in contact with the reproductive structures of the plants.Nevertheless,the effect of flowerpiercers seems to vary according to their behavior and the flower’s traits.So,in this work,we aimed to explore the floral characteristics that may determine the susceptibility to robbing and pollen transport by flowerpierc-ers.Also,we identified the potential types of interactions and studied interaction network properties.Methods:We collected the information of 16 ornithophilic plants regarding their floral traits and robbing frequency.Also,we captured 4 species of flowerpiercers and evaluated pollen transport(frequency and loads).We tested the correlation between floral traits,robbing frequency,and pollen transportation.Later,we used these variables in a cluster and principal component analyses to identify the potential types of interactions.Finally,we analyzed and com-pared the structure of the plants-flowerpiercers interaction network.Results:Nectar production significantly influenced both nectar robbing and pollen transportation.While the corolla length was only correlated to the robbing susceptibility.Also,we found that particular flowerpiercers species trans-ported higher loads of some plant pollen,which can be related to the differences in behavior and morphometric traits.We proposed the classification of five different types of plant-flowerpiercer interactions,that showed differ-ent potential mutualist or antagonist relations based on the affectation of nectar robbing and the service of pollen transportation.The interaction networks consisted of 49 links,with 2.4 links per species,and presented indicators of a medium to high resilience,stability,and resistance(nestedness,connectance,and robustness).Also,the network presented medium to low specialization and substantial niche overlap.Conclusions:The ecological role of the flowerpiercers goes beyond its classic assig

关键词： Diglossa Flower traits Nectar robbing Nectivorous birds Pollen transport pollination

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Hummingbird-plant interactions in Chile:An ecological review of the available evidence

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 332-340页

作者： Rodrigo Medel Manuel López-Aliste Francisco E.Fontúrbel Departamento de Ciencias Ecol ogicas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Biología Facultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad Cat olica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life(LiLi) ValdiviaChile

Hummingbird species have closely evolved with the plants they feed on,which is confirmed by their often tight ecological relationships in natural settings.Hummingbird-plant interactions are of interest for research areas such as ecology,evolution,and even agriculture,as they usually inform on the conservation status of interacting species assemblages,and its disappearance may precede the population extinction of the species involved in the interaction.In Chile,there are nine hummingbird species,which interact with a large and diverse number of angiosperm species in forest,desert,and mountain range environments.The motivation to perform this review is to systematize the available information regarding the flowering plants visited by hummingbird species in Chile,to present some basic plant-hummingbird pollination network metrics,and on this basis to identify the components of the plant-hummingbird relationships in need of further research.A plant-hummingbird metanetwork revealed a low connectance value,low niche overlap,and strong modularity among species.However,the fact that most species present a strong allopatric distribution across Chile,suggests that network structure results mostly from the history of colonization rather than from ecological organization.Nowadays,the main threats to Chilean hummingbirds are anthropogenic disturbance and climate change,which disrupt hummingbird-plant interactions,leading to unpredictable ecological consequences at the community level.Long periods of drought may reduce the resource base for hummingbirds,with dramatic consequences for the maintenance of bird and plant populations.

关键词： Conservation Endemic species Habitat disturbance pollination Trochilidae

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Identification, Expression and Functional Analysis of a Receptor-like Cytoplasmic Kinase, OsRLCK1, in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第6期49卷 898-907页

作者： Zhaosheng Kong Wenying Xu Qun Li Yongbiao Xue Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

pollination involves a series of complex cellular interactions and signal transduction events. Numerous reports have suggested a central role for protein kinases in pollen germination and pollen tube growth and a large number of receptor-like kinases have been detected exclusively in pollen in higher plants. However, few are well characterized, especially for the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases. Here we report a receptor-like kinase gene, OsRLCK1, which belongs to the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase Ⅷ subfamily. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and whole mount RNA in situ hybridization showed that OsRLCK1 is a pollen-specific gene and expressed only in the mature pollen. When expressed in the onion epidermal cells, the OsRLCK1-GFP fusion protein was diffused throughout the cell, indicating its cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. The Maltose Binding Protein-OsRLCK1 recombinant protein was found to be capable of autophosphorylation on threonine residue, showing that it encodes a functional kinase. These results suggest that OsRLCK1 is likely to play a role in a signaling pathway associated with pollen performance during pollination in rice.

关键词： pollination receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase rice （Oryza sativa）.

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Reproductive biology of Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb.: a native species in East Asia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2039-2050页

作者： Vinod Prasad Khanduri Arun Sukumaran Chandra Mohan Sharma College of Forestry VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry

The reproductive biology of Cornus capitata was studied in detail from June 2014 to October 2015 in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India and elucidated floral morphology, confirming autogamy, geitonogamy, and xenogamy. A new inflorescence ball formed each year with developing fruits that were initiated the previous year; thus reproduction is a continuous cycle. The total pollen production within a tree ranged between 4.0 × 10~7 and 9.3 × 10~7. Anthesis peaked between 08:00 and 10:00. There was significant effect of micro-environmental condition on anthesis(F = 243.8, p = 3.01). A significant positive relationship between the number of lateral shoots and total inflorescence showed that the inflorescence production in C. capitate depends largely on the number of lateral shoots. Time and concentration of various solutions significantly affected pollen germination(time: F = 5.39, p = 0.002; concentration: F = 1.40,p = 0.234). Anthophora bees and thrips were observed as the main pollinators. There was a significant difference in seed set between natural and obligate self-pollination(t = 11.84, p = 1.99). Significant effect was also observed on fruit size(t = 8.88, p = 2.09) between open and shaded conditions. SEM micrographs of pollen grains showed that the shape of dehydrated pollen grains differed greatly due to variations in the rate of dehydration among pollen grains within the anther. Seed germination was observed only in quality seed derived from open pollination, supporting xenogamy in C. capitata. Findings of the present study will be of immense value in formulating effective conservation measures for the species in wild habitats.

关键词： Floral development Pollen production pollination Pollinators Reproductive success SEM analysis

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