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pollen limitation and variation in floral longevity in gynodioecious Potentilla tanacetifolia

Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 539-545页

作者： 1,2Hong YAO 1Yi-Bo LUO 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China)

Pollination limitation is common in flowering plants and is thought to be a factor driving the evolution of floral traits.The plasticity of floral longevity to pollination may be an adaptation of plants to pollen limitation.However,this adaptation is less critical in short-lived flowers.To evaluate pollen limitation and the plasticity of floral longevity to pollination in Potentilla tanacetifolia,a gynodioecious herb with short-lived flowers,we analyzed its breeding system,tested sex-differential pollen limitation,and compared variations in floral display size in natural populations in Duolun County,Inner Mongolia,China.Hand pollination experiments and pollinator exclusion treatments revealed that P.tanacetifolia is self-compatible and non-autonomously apomictic and shows sex-differential pollen limitation.The plasticity of floral longevity to pollination was observed;the floral duration of female plants was prolonged by approximately 3-4 hours with pollination exclusion treatment.Moreover,the percentage of flowers displayed on female plants during pollination exclusion treatment was significantly higher than that during natural pollination.Under natural pollination conditions,the percentage of flowers displayed on female plants was significantly higher than on hermaphrodite plants.Furthermore,approximately 50%of the pollen grains spread out of the anthers of hermaphrodite flowers within 2 h of anthesis;the number of pollen grains adhering to the stigmas of hermaphrodite flowers was significantly higher than that adhering to female flowers when flowers shed their petals.These results indicate that variation in floral longevity may be an adaptive strategy to pollination conditions for gynodioecious P.tanacetifolia.

关键词： floral longevity gynodioecy plasticity pollen limitation Potentilla tanacetifolia.

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pollen limitation in invasive populations of Solanum rostratum and its relationship to population size

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第2期8卷 154-158页

作者： Li-Juan Zhang An-Ru Lou State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal University19 Xinjiekouwai StreetHaidian DistrictBeijing 100875China

Aims small plant populations may be more likely to suffer more severe pollen limitation due to the lower number of potential mates or suitable pollinators.For invasive species,this phenomenon may be more common when an invading population colonizes a new habitat.Here,we investigated whether pollen limitation occurs in invasive populations of Solanum rostratum during its invasion from North america to China and evaluated the patterns between pollen limitation and population size.Methods pollen addition experiments were performed on six invasive populations of S.rostratum.by comparing fruit set and seed production with open pollination treatment,we calculated the index of pollen limitation and regressed it to population size and density.Important Findingsamong the six sampled invasive populations of S.rostratum,the fruit set and seed production per fruit were 0.346±0.014 and 52.38±9.29,respectively,with open pollination treatment and 0.572±0.022 and 56.28±10.79,respectively,with pollen addition treatment.Compared with open pollination,pollen addition significantly increased fruit set and seed production by 65.3 and 7.4%,respectively.The standardized index of pollen limitation ranged from 0.022 to 0.125,with an average of 0.065,suggesting that invasive populations of S.rostratum do suffer from pollen limitation.The index of pollen limitation was negatively correlated with population size,which is consistent with the pattern that smaller populations suffer from more severe pollen limitation.

关键词： invasive species pollen limitation population size Solanum rostratum

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pollen and Resource limitation in Veratrum nigrum L. （Liliaceae）, an Andromonoecious Herb

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第12期48卷 1401-1408页

作者： Wan-Jin Liao Qing-Fa Song Da-Yong Zhang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

pollen limitation and resource limitation were invoked to account for the pattern that flowering plants produce more flowers and ovules than fruits and seeds. This study aimed to determine their relative importance in Veratrum nigrum, a self-compatible, perennial, andromonoecious herb. In order to determine whether female production was limited by pollen grains on stigmas or by available resources, we performed supplemental hand pollination in three populations, male-flower-bud removal in three other populations, and emasculation of hermaphroditic flowers in still another population, resulting in a total of seven populations experimentally manipulated. Across the three populations, supplemental hand pollination did not significantly increase fruit set, seed number per fruit, and total seed production per individual, nor did emasculation of hermaphroditic flowers. Taken together, our results suggest that pollen grains deposited on stigmas were abundant enough to fertilize all the ovules. Male-flower-bud removal significantly increased the mean size of hermaphroditic flowers in all three populations. Female reproductive success was increased in one population, but not in the other two populations possibly due to heavy flower/seed predation. We concluded that the female reproductive success of V. nigrum was not limited by pollen grains but by available resources, which is consistent with Bateman＇s principle. Furthermore, the female reproduction increase of male-flower-bud removal individuals might suggest a trade-off between male and female sexual functions.

关键词： andromonoecy pollen limitation resource limitation trade-off Veratrum nigrum

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Does pollinator dependence decrease along elevational gradients?

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Plant Diversity 2023年第4期45卷 446-455页

作者： Yue-Wen Xu Lu Sun Rong Ma Yong-Qian Gao Hang Sun Bo Song CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China Yunnan Forestry Technological College Kunming 650224China

Plants have long been thought to be less dependent on pollinators for seed production at higher elevations due to adverse pollination environments.However,recent research has yet to consistently support the generality of this expectation.In this study,we asked whether pollinator dependence decreases along an elevational gradient and how it varies with various reproductive traits.To answer these questions,we quantified pollinator-plant associations and various reproductive traits for 112 flowering plants spanning a large elevational gradient(990-4260 m a.s.l.)in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.We found that flowering plants in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region are highly dependent on pollinators for seed production(76.2%of seed production was contributed by animal pollinators and 44.6%of plants would produce no seed without pollinator visitation).Contrary to our expectation,there was no significant elevational gradient in pollinator dependence index.Although the pollinator dependence index was not significantly correlated with pollen limitation,flower size,floral longevity,or reward type,it was correlated with compatibility status and flowering time.These findings indicate that pollinator dependence does not decrease along an elevational gradient in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Our study also highlights the severe vulnerability of flowering plant seed production to pollinator declines under global change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region,particularly for early-flowering or self-incompatible plants growing at higher elevations(e.g.,subnival belt).

关键词： Global change pollen limitation Pollinator decline Qinghai-Tibet plateau Seed production

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Pollinator diversity benefits natural and agricultural ecosystems,environmental health,and human welfare

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Plant Diversity 2022年第5期44卷 429-435页

作者： Daniel Mutavi Katumo Huan Liang Anne Christine Ochola Min Lv Qing-Feng Wang Chun-Feng Yang CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China

Biodiversity loss during the Anthropocene is a serious ecological challenge.Pollinators are important vectors that provide multiple essential ecosystem services but are declining rapidly in this changing world.However,several studies have argued that a high abundance of managed bee pollinators,such as honeybees(Apis mellifera),may be sufficient to provide pollination services for crop productivity,and sociological studies indicate that the majority of farmers worldwide do not recognize the contribution of wild pollinator diversity to agricultural yield.Here,we review the importance of pollinator diversity in natural and agricultural ecosystems that may be thwarted by the increase in abundance of managed pollinators such as honeybees.We also emphasize the additional roles diverse pollinator communities play in environmental safety,culture,and aesthetics.Research indicates that in natural ecosystems,pollinator diversity enhances pollination during environmental and climatic perturbations,thus alleviating pollen limitation.In agricultural ecosystems,pollinator diversity increases the quality and quantity of crop yield.Furthermore,studies indicate that many pollinator groups are useful in monitoring environmental pollution,aid in pest and disease control,and provide cultural and aesthetic value.During the uncertainties that may accompany rapid environmental changes in the Anthropocene,the conservation of pollinator diversity must expand beyond bee conservation.Similarly,the value of pollinator diversity maintenance extends beyond the provision of pollination services.Accordingly,conservation of pollinator diversity requires an interdisciplinary approach with contributions from environmentalists,taxonomists,and social scientists,including artists,who can shape opinions and behavior.

关键词： Bee Complementarity Ecological indicator Plant community pollen limitation

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Reproduction of Hedysarum scoparium (Fabaceae) in patched habitat is pollen limited,but not just pollinator limited

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第1期4卷 19-28页

作者： ChengChen PAN LinDe LIU HaLin ZHAO JiLiang LIU YueLi HOU Li ZHANG Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China School of Life Sciences Ludong University Yantai 264039 China

pollen limitation of plant reproduction occurs across Angiosperms, particularly those in patched habitats We investigated the, relationship between pollen limitation and patch variables （patch size, visitation frequency） in the desert plant Hedysarum scoparium （Fabaceae）, which is an important xerophyte in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China and can grow well as a pioneer plant in shifting sand dunes. We observed insect visitation to H. scoparium over two flowering seasons and estimated pollen limitation using fruit set and seed production. Our results indicate that fruit set and seed production increased significantly with pollen supplementation compared with open pollination. Hedysarum scoparium was pollinated by over 8 species of bees, with 88.4% of visits made by introduced honeybees （Apis mellifera）. Bee visitation varied significantly among the patches of habitats, but not associated with patch size of habitat. In general, pollen limitation occurred more strongly during fruit set than during seed production. The patches that received higher rates of pollinator visits were less pollen limited for fruit set. pollen limitation for seed production, however, was not associated with pollinator visitation frequency. We conclude that pollen limitation in H. scoparium was caused by more than one reason, not just pollinator visits.

关键词： Hedysarum scoparium pollen limitation pollinator limitation honeybees fruit set seed production

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pollen and resource limitations to lifetime seed production in a wild population of the endangered plant Disanthus cercidifolius var.longipes H.T.Chang(Hamamelidaceae)

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Frontiers in Biology 2007年第4期2卷 437-442页

作者： XIAO Yian HE Ping ZENG Jianjun LI Xiaohong HU Wenhai College of Life Sciences Jinggangshan UniversityJi’an 343009China College of Life Sciences Southwest China Normal UniversityChongqing 400715China

Disanthus cercidifolius Maxim.***.longipes H.T.Chang,a plant species that only occurs in a few counties in Hunan,Jiangxi and Zhejiang Provinces and with a relatively small number of individuals,is ranked as a second Class endangered species for conservation in China.We have studied the effect of pollen and resources available to female reproduction,and the reproductive mechanism of“excess flowers with low fruit set”in Disanthus cercidifolius Maxim.***.longipes H.T.Chang was discussed.Results are as follows:pollen from different sources has significant effects on fruit set and seed set of Disanthus cercidifolius Maxim.***.longipes H.T.Chang.The pollen source rather than pollen numbers significantly affected reproduction of this species.In wild populations,producing one fruit needs about 54.8 flow-ers,and one satiation seed needs about 6.60 flowers or 83.19 ovules.After fertilizing,which was propitious to flower develop-ment,the abortion rate of flower buds was decreasing,but the flowering rate was increasing.The fruit set and seed set was also significantly increasing,while abortion rate of fruit was significantly decreasing.With the increasing percentages of cutting leaves,the fruit set decreased,but the abortion rate of fruit shows no significant differentiation among treatments.After cutting branches that were puny,broken and insect-infested branches,the flower number seemed to be decreas-ing,but the fruit set and seed set all increased significantly.After removing some flowers,the fruit set was calculated with respect to the number of flowers remaining after the treatment increased with increasing of percentages of flower removal,whereas fruit set calculated with respect to the initial number of flowers remained constant,and the mean weights of per fruit and per seed all decreased significantly.Sufficient spatial or temporal heterogeneities in nutrient levels might allow limitation of seed set by resources and pollen in a natural population,while supplying resources may indirectly affect pollination by increas

关键词： pollen limitation resource limitation hand-pollination seed set Disanthus cercidifolius Maxim.var.longipes H.T.Chang

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Natural selection on floral traits of Caltha scaposa (Ranunculaceae), an alpine perennial with generalized pollination system from Northwest Yunnan

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Plant Diversity 2017年第4期39卷 202-207页

作者： Guopeng Zhang Lihua Meng Zhikun Wu Zhiqiang Zhang Lingjuan Yin Yongping Yang Yuanwen Duan Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 PR China School of Life Sciences Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650092 PR China National Technical Secondary School of Lijiang Lijiang 674119 PR China

Floral traits, including those invisible to humans but visible to pollinators, that increase pollination efficiency may be selected by pollinators in plant species with pollen limitation of seed production, but the importance of pollinators as selective agents on different floral traits needs to be further quantified experimentally. In the present study, we examined selective strength on flower diameter, flower height,UV bulls-eye size, sepal size and UV proportion via female fitness in Caltha scaposa, based on openpollinated and hand-pollinated flowers, through which pollinator-mediated selection was calculated for each of floral traits. Our results suggest that seed production of C. scaposa is pollen limited in natural conditions. There was directional selection(△β_(pollinator)=-0.12) for larger flowers in open-pollinated flowers, while no significant selection was found in flower height, UV bulls-eye size, sepal size or UV proportion. Statistically significant selection was found in UV bulls-eye size, sepal size and UV proportion in hand-pollinated flowers, but interactions with pollinators contributed only to flower diameter. We conclude that in C. scaposa, floral traits that are subjected to selection might be driven by multiple selective agents, and suggest the importance of investigating floral traits that are invisible to human but visible to pollinators in measuring pollinator-mediated selection via male fitness.

关键词： Pollinator-mediated selection Floral display Ultraviolet bulls-eye Female fitness pollen limitation

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Variation in Floral Sex Allocation and Reproductive Success in Sequentially Flowering Inflorescence of Corydalis remota var. lineariloba(Fumariaceae)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第3期51卷 299-307页

作者： Yan-Fei Zeng Wei-Ning Bai Yu Zhou Da-Yong Zhang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

In hermaphroditic plants, female reproductive success often varies among different positions within an inflorescence. However, few studies have evaluated the relative importance of underlying causes such as pollen limitation, resource limitation or architectural effect, and few have compared male allocation. During a 2-year investigation, we found that female reproductive success of an acropetally flowering species, Corydalis remota Fisch. ex Maxim. var. lineariloba Maxim. was significantly lower in the upper late developing flowers when compared with the lower early flowers. Supplementation with outcross pollen did not improve female reproductive success of the upper flowers, while removal of the lower developing fruits significantly increased female reproductive success of the upper flowers in both years, evidencing resource limitation of the upper flowers. Female production in upper flowers was greatly improved by simultaneous pollen supplementation of the upper flowers and removal of the lower fruits, suggesting that, when resources are abundant, pollen may limit the female reproductive success of the upper flowers. The less seed mass in the upper flowers didn＇t increase in all treatments due to architecture. In the upper flowers, ovule production was significantly lower and the pollen ： ovule ratio was significantly higher. These results suggest that male-biased sex allocation in the upper flowers may lead to increased male reproductive success, whereas the lower flowers have higher female reproductive success.

关键词： architectural effect Corydalis remota var. lineariloba pollen limitation reproductive success resource limitation sequentially flowering sex allocation.

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Potential Autonomous Selfing in Gesneria citrina (Gesneriaceae),a Specialized Hummingbird Pollinated Species with Variable Expression of Herkogamy

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第10期51卷 973-978页

作者： Xin-Sheng Chen Silvana Marten-Rodriguez Qing-Jun Li Charles B. Fenster Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla 666303 China Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Herbario de la Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biologia Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio San Pedro San Jose Costa Rica

Species with mixed mating systems often demonstrate variable expression of breeding system characteristics and thus represent the opportunity to understand the factors and mechanisms that promote both outcrossed and selfed seed production. Here, we investigate variation in levels of herkogamy （variation in stigma-anther separation distance） in a Puerto Rican population of hummingbird pollinated Gesneria citrina Urban. There is significant variation in herkogamy levels among individuals of this species and stigma-anther separation is negatively associated with the ability to set fruits and seeds in the absence of pollinators. The variation in levels of herkogamy may represent a mechanism to ensure the production of some self-fertilized progeny in the absence of hummingbird pollinators. We also describe a novel breeding system in G. citrina, where stamens elongate over time to reach stigma height, but stamen elongation is accelerated by pollination. These results suggest that once the flowers are pollinated, stamen elongation may favor increased pollen removal and siring success, while the reduction in stigma-anther distance no longer imposes the risk of interference between male and female functions. We discuss our findings of breeding system variation in the context of pollination system evolution in an island setting （Antillean islands）.

关键词： mixed-mating pollen limitation pollination system Puerto Rico reproductive assurance stigma-anther separation.

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