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The evolution of central environmental protection inspection policy attention in China: An investigation based on inspection reports

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2023年第4期21卷 203-211页

作者： Zhenhua Zhang Qianyu Liu Yongxi Chen Shuai Shao Yating Tang School of Economics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Institute of Green Finance Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China School of Management Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China School of Business East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China

The central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) system in China is a significant institutional innova‐tion in national environmental governance. The CEPI applies a joint supervision strategy to address salient en‐vironmental issues and strictly enforce the environmental responsibilities of local governments. This study col‐lects and organizes CEPI inspection reports covering three stages that encompass the first round, the “look back”, and the second round, applying text analysis to obtain sample data and conduct statistical quantifica‐tion of word frequency in inspection reports and identify notable changes. The study explores the allocation of CEPI attention between policy objectives and the intensity of policy instruments. We determine that in con‐junction with public opinion feedback, the CEPI conducts targeted inspections and focuses more on pollutant governance, which has high severity and can be addressed quickly. The CEPI fills the gap of normalized gover‐nance with a campaign-style governance approach. Regarding the intensity of policy measures, the CEPI pri‐marily uses economic incentive policy instruments, supplemented by command-and-control and public guid‐ance approaches, advancing the sustainability of regulatory effectiveness through economic, social, and politi‐cal activities. This study extends knowledge in the field of CEPI policy priorities and implementation, expand‐ing the literature related to outcomes of environmental policy in developing countries.

关键词： Central environmental protection inspection Text analysis method policy attention policy instruments policy objectives China

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A Study of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control policy Framework from a policy Instrument Perspective

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第2期11卷 182-190页

作者： QIN Qin SUN Youhai College of Management and Economics Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Law School Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Environmental pollution caused by rapid economic development like that seen in China over the past twenty years poses various threats to human health. People have started to place much more of an emphasis on environmental security, working to find a balance between sustainability and economic growth. In recent years, air pollution has emerged as a highly discussed topic of social and environmental relevance in China, due in part to persistent smog that affects everyday life and causes serious harm to human health. Although air pollution is normally associated with human activity, is can be caused by natural processes such as eruptions and forest fires, but is always characterized by the release of certain substances into the atmosphere which, when present in certain concentrations or for given durations, can harm human health, daily life, productivity, and other aspects. In humans, it mainly affects the respiratory system, notably the lungs, as well as the immune system. A series of studies both in China and overseas have shown, in certain cases, even low concentrations of air pollution can pose a great threat to human health. In this study, we conducted an analysis of air quality policies, focusing on the 2018 revision of the People’s Republic of China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution(LPCAP). We utilized the content analysis method and Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory to construct a policy framework, demarcate analysis units, code and classify policy texts, determine descriptive statistics, and analyze dimensional interactions. We used two dimensions(basic policy instruments classified as demand-, supply-, and environment-side;and air carrying capacity) to quantify and analyze the LPCAP, which enabled us to analyze the deficiencies and conflicts within policy instruments. The results show a higher utilization frequency of environment-side policy instruments, particularly regulation management and strategic measures. This reflects efforts by

关键词： policy instruments air pollution prevention and control policy air carrying capacity content analysis method grounded theory

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Agricultural Support Policies and Public Budgeting in Turkey

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Management Studies 2016年第6期4卷 237-242页

作者： Sibel Tan Sabri Sami Tan Bengu Everest Mehmet Hasdemir ~anakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock Ankara Turkey

Agriculture is a leading strategic sector in Turkey as it is in entire world. Despite this strategic significance, risks, and uncertainties, the dependence on natural conditions turns agriculture into a disadvantaged sector. Just because of these disadvantages, agriculture is protected by various support policies throughout the world. Agricultural policies of Turkey have initiated with institutionalization policies of the Republican period and progressed through product supports, input supports, and low-interest credit implementations of the planned period. These policies experienced serious reforms at the beginning of 2000s. Within the scope of Agricultural supports and Reforms Implementation Project （ARIP）, agricultural supports tried to be gathered under a single roof and Direct Income Support （DIS） implementations started. The DIS implementations lasted for eight years and terminated in 2008. The aim of this study is to examine agricultural supports in Turkey and their shares in the public budget. As material, macroeconomic data are used in this study. The data consist of transfers from the ministry of food, agriculture, and livestock to agriculture and budget numbers. The results of the study reveal that current agricultural policy tools are implemented as area-based supports, subsidiary payments, rural development, and agricultural insurance supports. The budget allocated to agriculture and the share of agricultural supports in Gross Domestic Product （GDP） of Turkey does not exhibit much change in years. Considering the policies and supports provided in developed countries and especially in European Union （EU） countries, it recommend for Turkey that the share of agricultural supports in total budget should be increased to levels in those countries.

关键词： agriculture agricultural policy policy instruments budget Turkey

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Combatting Smog:A Comparative Study between Germany and China

Combatting Smog:A Comparative Study between Germany and Chin...

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作者： Claudia Weidner 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

There is barely a week passing by without international newspapers covering Beijing's hazardous smog levels. It is very clear that Beijing's ambient air quality is far away from being perfect, let alone healthy. What international news coverage often neglects, however, is the fact that also many European and American cities suffered from air pollution several decades ago. This research paper therefore aims at putting the experiences made by China(Beijing) into direct comparison with the ones made by Germany(the Ruhr Area), who had to contend with similar problems in the past. Since it is often stressed that China's environmental problems stem from weak policy implementations at the local level, this thesis tries to analyze the difficulties both research objects faced/are still facing, when it comes to environmental policy formulation and enforcement with the help of principal-agent theory. It is argued that in both countries/systems the principal-agent problem is prevailing in its very own way and slowing down effective air pollution control. Against the background of the possibilities and difficulties that both systems entail it will also be assessed, why Beijing in the future could be more efficient in controlling air pollution than the Ruhr Area had been. In consideration of the latest developments that are taking place since the change of leadership in 2013 with regard to air pollution prevention and control this topic gains even more importance.

关键词： air pollution environmental policy policy implementation China Germany regulation policy instruments principal-agent theory incentive setting

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How Will Different Types of Regional Innovation policy and Their Mixes Affect the Innovation Performance of Enterprises: An Empirical Study Based on Shenzhen

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经济管理学刊（中英文版） 2022年第1期11卷 21-30页

作者： Ying Yang Fei Tang Pengbin Gao School of Finance and Economics Shenzhen institute of Information TechnologyShenzhen518172GuangdongChina School of Economics and Management Harbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai 264209ShandongChina

Evaluating the functional boundary of different types of innovation policy instruments and their mixes on innovation performance of enterprises is an important but unresolved key *** paper,based on the systematically carding the quantization of 155 innovation policies issued by Shenzhen governmental departments from 2011 to 2019,analyzed the characteristics from different types of innovation instruments and their *** results show that Shenzhen governmental has constantly enriched innovation policy instruments for encouraging enterprise innovation,but there are structural unbalances in the issued innovation policy manifested as follows:firstly supply-side policy and environmental-side policy were promulgated more than demand-side policy;secondly the specific instruments employed by Shenzhen governmental were also uneven in different type of innovation policy,like supply-side policy focused on the instruments of government procurement and R&D outsourcing,demand-side policy employed human resource training,innovation infrastructure and fiscal support most,and environmental-side policy main used target planning,intellectual property protection and financial *** study expands and understanding empirical implementation of different reginal innovation policy instruments,and has implication for Shenzhen governmental in improving the applicability ability of policies in the enterprises innovation.

关键词： Regional Innovation policy policy instruments policy Mix Innovation Performance

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政策目标与政策工具的匹配：英国学徒制改革进程透视

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职业技术教育 2019年第12期

作者：关晶

自1993年英国现代学徒制改革启动以来，英国学徒制改革经历了项目启动、规模扩张、质量关注、革新发展四个阶段。基于政策工具理论，运用“政策目标-政策工具-政策效果”的分析框架，研究发现英国学徒制改革的政策目标优先级与改革进程... 详细信息

自1993年英国现代学徒制改革启动以来，英国学徒制改革经历了项目启动、规模扩张、质量关注、革新发展四个阶段。基于政策工具理论，运用“政策目标-政策工具-政策效果”的分析框架，研究发现英国学徒制改革的政策目标优先级与改革进程相适应；系统变革工具对推动改革有普遍性作用；报酬及劝告工具对数量增长作用明显；命令及能力建设工具对质量提升作用明显；持续发展重点在组织与经费，升华在立法。借鉴英国经验，我国推进学徒制改革应遵循发展规律，合理规划阶段目标；跨部门携手合作，大力改革组织构架；加强规范与指导，坚守质量底线；加大经费激励与宣传，适度扩张规模。

关键词：英国学徒制改革进程政策目标政策工具 England apprenticeship reform process policy targets policy instruments

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政策工具视角下高等继续教育政策文本分析

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成人教育学刊 2022年第3期

作者：赵宏王小凯朱生营严帅

高等继续教育是我国高等教育事业的重要组成部分，正在经历从注重外延式发展向推动内涵建设转变，国家政策层面的宏观引导对其提升管理水平和人才培养质量尤为重要。政策工具作为政府为实现政策目标而采取的手段，是实现高等继续教育高... 详细信息

高等继续教育是我国高等教育事业的重要组成部分，正在经历从注重外延式发展向推动内涵建设转变，国家政策层面的宏观引导对其提升管理水平和人才培养质量尤为重要。政策工具作为政府为实现政策目标而采取的手段，是实现高等继续教育高质量发展目标的有效途径。基于政策工具和办学关键环节建构的二维分析框架，采用内容分析法对1979-2020年国家层面的108份高等继续教育政策文件进行量化分析，各类政策工具在不同阶段、办学形式、办学关键环节中的应用情况显示：当前我国高等继续教育政策体系基本形成，规范管理是高等继续教育政策的首要目标，但整体上强制型工具使用过多而激励型工具作用发挥不足，且各类政策工具在不同办学形式和办学环节上的运用不均衡。未来，高等继续教育的政策制定应当加强顶层设计和整体规划，综合运用多种政策工具以提升政策执行效力，在实施行政干预的同时引入市场机制。

关键词：高等继续教育政策工具政策文本开放大学内容分析法 higher continuing education policy instruments policy text open university content analysis

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政策工具视角下的异地高考政策执行研究

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中小学教育 2018年第2期

作者：孙科技

近年来，异地高考成为我国随迁子女及其家庭最迫切的利益诉求。在异地高考政策执行中，以强制性政策工具为主导，其他类型的政策工具使用不足。政策工具的选择受制于优质高等教育资源存量和相关利益群体的制约，并且原有政策工具也会成... 详细信息

近年来，异地高考成为我国随迁子女及其家庭最迫切的利益诉求。在异地高考政策执行中，以强制性政策工具为主导，其他类型的政策工具使用不足。政策工具的选择受制于优质高等教育资源存量和相关利益群体的制约，并且原有政策工具也会成为异地高考政策的阻碍因素。因此，政府部门需要正确把握政策工具选择和使用的策略，积极创造新的政策工具，提高政策工具选用与异地高考政策执行的适切性，以促进我国异地高考问题的有效解决。

关键词：政策执行政策工具异地高考随迁子女 the implementation of policy policy instruments migration college entrance examination migrant children

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营商环境优化的政策工具选择与配置

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公共管理与政策评论 2023年第1期

作者：姜楠曹现强

我国营商环境优化在鼓励地方探索的同时更体现出鲜明的中央政府主导特征。运用内容分析法，基于政策工具视角分析2008—2020年170篇中央层面营商环境优化政策，挖掘出1 650个政策分析单元、16个案例节点，并将其置于“政策工具维度-适... 详细信息

我国营商环境优化在鼓励地方探索的同时更体现出鲜明的中央政府主导特征。运用内容分析法，基于政策工具视角分析2008—2020年170篇中央层面营商环境优化政策，挖掘出1 650个政策分析单元、16个案例节点，并将其置于“政策工具维度-适用领域维度”框架中进行讨论，以揭示我国营商环境优化的整体图景、核心内涵及行为路径。研究发现，营商环境优化政策制定主体广泛但关联松散。环境型政策工具使用较多；政策工具侧重分布于政务服务和市场环境领域。按照政府主导、环境塑造、需求回应的程度不同，政策工具选择与配置在营商环境优化过程中呈现出三种类型。未来应进一步强化顶层设计，完善部门间沟通与协调机制；丰富政策工具的种类，加大信息技术的使用力度，提升政策工具的选择性与可组合性；推动政策工具在营商环境优化中的均衡配置，提升政策工具与政策目标之间的适配水平，以央地实践互动积累经验，最终实现营商环境全面优化。

关键词：营商环境政策工具内容分析 Business Environment policy instruments Content Analysis

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Drivers of moderate increase in cooling energy use inresidential buildings in Hong Kong

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建筑节能(中英文) 2016年第8期 128-128页

作者： Jie Jia W.L.Lee 侯恩哲

Increase in cooling energy usage of the residential sector in Hong Kong has been moderate in the most recent ten years(2004-2013).Factors and drivers responsible for this are of interest to policy makers in search of performance improvement but such information is not available in extant *** paper reviews the policy instruments introduced in Hong Kong during this period of time and examines the different engineering factors contributing to improvements in cooling energy *** the policy instruments have been instrumental in bringing about changes in engineering design and thus improvement in cooling energy efficiency is evaluated on the basis of the equipment and building envelope characteristics of 64 residential developments in Hong *** statistical analyses reveal that the use of more energy efficient room air-conditioning units(COP),smaller window-to-wall ratios(WWR)and walls with higher U-values are the engineering factors(WallU)that have contributed to moderation of growth of energy consumption;these were driven by policies introduced by the Hong Kong *** the sensitivity of the three engineering factors,it was found that COP was the highest amounting to 0.455,followed in descending order by Wal-1U and *** sensitivities were 0.289 and 0.006,respectively.

关键词： Residential buildings Hong Kong Cooling energy use policy instruments

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