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Direct evidence of microbiological water quality changes on bacterial quantity and community caused by plumbing system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第6期34卷 175-183页

作者： Jun Li Anran Ren Ed van der Mark Gang Liu Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Centre for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Dunea Water Company Plaza of the United Nations 11-15Zoetermeer 2700 ATthe Netherlands Sanitary engineering Department of Water managementFaculty of Civil Engineering and GeosciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2600 GAthe Netherlands

Drinking water quality deteriorates from treatment plant to customer taps, especially in the plumbing system. There is no direct evidence about what the differences are contributed by plumbing system. This study compared the water quality in the water main and at customer tap by preparing a sampling tap on the water main. The biomass was quantified by adenosine triphosphate(ATP) and the microbial community was profiled by 454 *** results showed that in distribution pipes, biofilm contributed >94% of the total biomass,while loose deposits showed little contribution(plumbing system has significant contribution to the increase of active biomass(1.7 ng/L vs. 2.9 ng/L) and the changes of bacterial community. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas spp. at tap(22%) was higher than that at water main(2%), while the relative abundance of Pseudomonas spp. in tap water(15%) was lower than that in the water from street water main(29%). Though only one location was prepared and studied, the present study showed that the protocol of making sampling tap on water main offered directly evidences about the impacts of plumbing system on tap water quality, which makes it possible to distinguish and study the processes in distribution system and plumbing system separately.

关键词： Drinking water distribution system plumbing system Microbiological water quality Sampling program 454 pyrosequencing

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Modeling the multi-level plumbing system of the Changbaishan caldera from geochemical, mineralogical, Sr-Nd isotopic and integrated geophysical data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 17-36页

作者： Jian Yi Pujun Wang Xuanlong Shan Guido Ventura Chengzhi Wu Jiannan Guo Pencheng Liu Jiahui Li College of Earth Science Jilin UniversityJianshe Street 2199Changchun 130061China Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia(Jilin University) Ministry of EducationChangchun 130026China Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata605Roma 00143Italy Istituto per lo Studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilitàin ambiente marino(IAS) Capo Granitola(TP)91021Italy Changbai Mountain Tianchi Volcano Observatory Chibei DistrictAntu 133613China

Changbaishan,an intraplate volcano,is characterized by an approximately 6 km wide summit caldera and last erupted in *** experienced a period of unrest between 2002 and *** activity developed in three main stages,including shield volcano(basalts),cone-construction(trachyandesites to trachytes with minor basalts),and caldera-forming stages(trachytes to comendites).This last stage is associated with one of the more energetic eruptions of the last millennium on Earth,the 946 CE,VEI 7 Millennium Eruption(ME),which emitted over 100 km^(3) of *** to other active calderas,the plumbing system of Changbaishan and its evolution mechanisms remain poorly ***,we merge new whole-rock,glass,mineral,isotopic,and geobarometry data with geophysical data and present a model of the plumbing *** results show that the volcano is characterized by at least three main magma reservoirs at different depths:a basaltic reservoir at the Moho/lower crust depth,an intermediate reservoir at 10-15 km depth,and a shallower reservoir at 0.5-3 km *** shallower reservoir was involved in the ME eruption,which was triggered by a fresh trachytic melt entering a shallower reservoir where a comenditic magma was *** trachytes and comendites originate from fractional crystallization processes and minor assimilation of upper crust material,while the less evolved melts assimilate lower crust ***-eruptive magma mingling occurred during the ME eruption *** magma reservoirs of the caldera-forming stage partly reactivate those of the cone-construction *** depth of the magma storage zones is controlled by the layering of the *** plumbing system of Changbaishan is vertically extensive,with crystal mush reservoirs renewed by the replenishment of new trachytic to trachyandesitic magma from *** other volcanoes,evidence of a basaltic recharge is *** interpretation of the signals preceding possible future erupt

关键词： Changbaishan volcano Caldera plumbing system Triggering mechanism Storage depth

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Volcanic structure of the Tarim flood basalt revealed through 3-D seismological imaging

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Science Bulletin 2015年第16期60卷 1448-1456页

作者： Lei Wang Wei Tian Yongmin Shi Ping Guan School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University

The detailed structures of the volcanic edifice and plumbing system of the early Permian Tarim flood basalt were investigated by three-dimensional seismic imaging. The images show that the Tarim flood basalt erupted from central volcanoes distributed along major faults. The uppermost magma formed a single lava lobe with a volume of *0.74 km3 and an aspect ratio of 50,implying a sheet flow eruption with a high effusion rate. At the subsurface level, all central volcanoes, irrespective of size, had a separate pipe-like feeder vent. Only thirteen dikes were identified at shallow depths of \100 m below the lava surface; deeper dikes were even rarer. The pipelike plumbing system and the paucity of dilational dikes were different from the typical plumbing system of flood basalt provinces on Earth, which are normally buoyancycontrolled dike–sill networks. A gas-driven vigorous eruption can be inferred from the imaged structure, which means that the Tarim flood basalt may have carried and released a large proportion of volcanic gas, similar to some mafic volcaniclastic deposit-bearing continental flood basalt provinces.

关键词： Tarim flood basalt - 3-D seismicimaging Central volcano Lava lobe plumbing system Eruption style

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