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Extraterrestrial Life in the Thermosphere: plasmas, UAP, Pre-Life, Fourth State of Matter

Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第3期15卷 322-376页

作者： R. Joseph C. Impey O. Planchon R. del Gaudio M. Abu Safa A. R. Sumanarathna E. Ansbro D. Duvall G. Bianciardi C. H. Gibson R. Schild Astrobiology Research Center California USA Department of Astronomy University of Arizona Tucson USA Biogéosciences Laboratory University of Burgundy Dijon France Department of Biology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Department of Applied Physics Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine Department of Research and Innovation Eco Astronomy International Research Center Tetouan Morocco Space Exploration Ltd. Boyle County Roscommon Ireland Department of Zoology Oklahoma State University (Emeritus) Stillwater USA Department of Science and Medicine Università Degli Studi di Siena Tuscany Italy Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences University of California (Emeritus) San Diego USA Center for Astrophysics Harvard-Smithsonian (Emeritus) Cambridge USA

“plasmas” up to a kilometer in size and behaving similarly to multicellular organisms have been filmed on 10 separate NASA space shuttle missions, over 200 miles above Earth within the thermosphere. These self-illuminated “plasmas” are attracted to and may “feed on” electromagnetic radiation. They have different morphologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spherical-cylindrical;and have been filmed flying towards and descending from the thermosphere into thunderstorms;congregating by the hundreds and interacting with satellites generating electromagnetic activity;approaching the Space Shuttles. Computerized analysis of flight path trajectories documents these plasmas travel at different velocities from different directions and change their angle of trajectory making 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been filmed accelerating, slowing down, stopping, congregating, engaging in “hunter-predatory” behavior and intersecting plasmas leaving a plasma dust trail in their wake. Similar life-like behaviors have been demonstrated by plasmas created experimentally. “plasmas” may have been photographed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighters”);repeatedly observed and filmed by astronauts and military pilots and classified as Unidentified Aerial—Anomalous Phenomenon. plasmas are not biological but may represent a form of pre-life that via the incorporation of elements common in space, could result in the synthesis of RNA. plasmas constitute a fourth state of matter, are attracted to electromagnetic activity, and when observed in the lower atmosphere likely account for many of the UFO-UAP sightings over the centuries.

关键词： Extraterrestrials plasmas Dusty plasmas Extremophiles Life in Space Abiogenesis Origins of Life RNA World

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Translational plasma stomatology:applications of cold atmospheric plasmas in dentistry and their extension

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High Voltage 2017年第3期2卷 188-199页

作者： He-Ping Li Xiao-Fei Zhang Xiao-Ming Zhu Miao Zheng Shu-Fang Liu Xuan Qi Kai-Peng Wang Jian Chen Xiao-Qing Xi Jian-Guo Tan Kostya(Ken)Ostrikov Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People's Republic of China Department of Prosthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing 100081People's Republic of China Department of Stomatology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191People's Republic of China Department of Pediatrics First Hospital of Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100016People's Republic of China College of Mechanical Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebei 063009People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People's Republic of China School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Materials and Processes Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationPO Box 218LindfieldNSW 2070Australia

In recent years,translational plasma medicine(TPM),as a novel application area of plasmas,has attracted much attention of experts from both academic and clinical fields.State-of-the-art of the lab-scale research and clinical trials of the cold atmospheric plasmas(CAPs)in the stomatology are reviewed in detail from the direct and indirect applications of the CAPs.Based on the discussions concerning the relationship between the plasma stomatology and the plasma medicine,it is indicated that it would be an important reference for promoting the TPM starting from the fundamental and application studies in the field of dentistry,which is also one of the most three promising application fields of plasma medicine.

关键词： plasmas starting discussions

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Comparison between electropositive and electronegative cold atmospheric-pressure plasmas:a modelling study

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High Voltage 2016年第2期1卷 81-85页

作者： Ding Xin Liu Jia Feng Li Ai Jun Yang Xiao Hua Wang Ming Zhe Rong Michael G.Kong State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Centre for Plasma BiomedicineXi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi 710049People’s Republic of China Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics Department of Electrical&Computer EngineeringOld Dominion UniversityVirginia 23508USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion UniversityVirginia 23529USA

Cold atmospheric-pressure He +N2 and He +O2 plasmas are chosen as the representatives for electropositive andelectronegative plasmas, of which the discharge characteristics are studied and then compared to each other by fluidmodels. As the increase of the impurity (N2 or O2) fraction from 0 to 10%, for He + N2 plasmas the electron density andion density increase, the spatiotemporal distributions of electron density, ion density, electron temperature and electrongeneration rate change a little. On contrast, for He + O2 plasmas the electron density decreases, the ion density firstincreases and then decreases, the electron temperature increases in the bulk region, but decreases in the sheath region,and the plasmas transform from g mode to α mode as the significant change of electron generation rate distributions.Larger electric field is needed in the bulk region to sustain the electronegative plasma, so the electrical characteristics ofHe + O2 plasmas transform form capacitive to resistive with increasing O2 fraction. Meanwhile, the ion-coupling powerincreases dramatically, which can be estimated by a formula based on the electronegativity. A new criterion fordetermining the sheath boundary, |∇E| = 5 kV/cm2, is put forward, which is found suitable for both the electropositive andelectronegative plasmas.

关键词： plasmas positive criterion

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STUDY OF THE NONLINEAR THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEBYE SCREENING IN plasmas

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2000年第5期21卷 567-572页

作者：林长张秀莲 Department of Physics Northwest Normal University Lanzhou P R China

The nonlinear three-dimensional Debye screening in plasmas is investigated. A new kind of analytical equation, which is in agreement with the three-dimensional Poisson equation for the nonlinear Debye potential, is obtained. It is shown that the symmetry distribution of the Debye screening in plasmas can be described by the equation.

关键词： the nonlinear three-dimensional Debye screening the Poisson equation plasmas the Ritz method

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Kadomtsev–Petviashvili(KP) Burgers Equation in Dusty Negative Ion plasmas:Evolution of Dust-Ion Acoustic Shocks

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第12期61卷 875-880页

作者： A.N.Dev J.Sarma M.K.Deka A.P.Misra N.C.Adhikary Department of Science and Humanities College of Science and Technology RUB Bhutan Department of Mathematics R.G.Baruah College Guwahati-781025 Assam India Centre of Plasma Physics Tepesia Sonapur Kamrup Assam India Department of Mathematics Siksha Bhavana Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan-731 235 India Physical Sciences Division Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Vigyan Path Paschim BoragaonGarchuk Guwahati – 781035 Assam India

We study the nonlinear propagation of dust-ion acoustic(DIA) shock waves in an un-magnetized dusty plasma which consists of electrons, both positive and negative ions and negatively charged immobile dust grains. Starting from a set of hydrodynamic equations with the ion thermal pressures and ion kinematic viscosities included, and using a standard reductive perturbation method, the Kadomtsev–Petviashivili–Burgers(K-P-Burgers) equation is derived, which governs the evolution of DIA shocks. A stationary solution of the K-P-Burgers equation is obtained and its properties are analysed with different plasma number densities, ion temperatures and masses. It is shown that a transition from shocks with negative potential to positive one occurs depending on the negative ion concentration in the plasma and the obliqueness of propagation of DIA waves.

关键词： dusty plasmas Shock wave reductive perturbation technique K-P burgers equation

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Surveys on magnetospheric plasmas based on the Double Star Project (DSP) exploration

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1639-1647页

作者： C. P. ESCOUBET C. M. CARR H. RME A. FAZAKERLEY H. LAAKSO I. DANDOURAS M. DUNLOP ESA/ESTEC SCI-SH Keplerlaan 1 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BZ United Kingdom CESR BP4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France Mullard Space Science Laboratory Univ. College London Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT United Kingdom Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BZ United Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom

The equatorial and polar satellites of the Double Star Project (DSP) were launched successfully on December 29, 2003 and July 25, 2004, respectively, and both of them are operating smoothly. The DSP provides a good opportunity for investigat-ing the structure of the magnetosphere. Based on the DSP data collected during 2004, we have surveyed the distribution of the magnetic fields and plasmas in the magnetosphere. It is found that: (1) Near the Earth’s equatorial plane within geo-centric distances of less than 7 RE, the Earth’s magnetic field is dipolar. In the vi-cinity of the magnetopause, the magnetic field is enhanced by a factor of about 1.5, and on the nightside, the magnetic field can vary significantly from the Earth’s di-pole field, likely caused by the presence of the near-Earth tail current sheet. (2) In the day-side magnetosheath, the electron and ion densities are usually both in the range of 10―30 cm?3; the ion and electron temperatures are usually about 200 and 50 eV, respectively. The flow pattern is usually smooth, with a low velocity in the subsolar region and with significantly higher velocities in the dawn and dusk flanks. (3) In the region between the magnetopause and plasmasphere the density is low, approximately 0.5―5 cm?3, and the temperature is high, about 1―10 keV for ions and 0.1―5 keV for electrons. The ion temperature has an apparent anisotropy, with the ratio of the perpendicular and parallel temperatures being about 1.0―1.3 for the night- and dusk-side magnetosphere and about 1.3―2.0 for the day- and dawn-side magnetosphere. There is an evident sunward convection of about 50 km/s in the magnetosphere. On the dawn side, the flow becomes somewhat turbulent, and in the vicinity of the night-noon meridian plane, the convection is rather slow. (4) The high-energy electrons with energies higher than 2 MeV are mainly located in the regions with 3 < L < 4.5; the size of the high-energy electrons area varies with time, it may expand and shrink occasionally according to different solar wind c

关键词： Earth’s magnetosphere space exploration geomagnetic field space plasmas

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ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL SMOOTH SOLUTIONS FOR BIPOLAR COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES-MAXWELL SYSTEM FROM plasmas

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2015年第5期35卷 955-969页

作者：冯跃红王术李新 College of Applied Sciences Beijing University of Technology Laboratoire de Mathématiques Université Blaise Pascal Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Xinyang Vocational and Technical College

This paper is concerned with the bipolar compressible Navier-Stokes-Maxwell system for plasmas. We investigated, by means of the techniques of symmetrizer and elaborate energy method, the Cauchy problem in R^3. Under the assumption that the initial values are close to a equilibrium solutions, we prove that the smooth solutions of this problem converge to a steady state as the time goes to the infinity. It is shown that the difference of densities of two carriers converge to the equilibrium states with the norm ｜｜·｜｜H^s-1, while the velocities and the electromagnetic fields converge to the equilibrium states with weaker norms than ｜｜·｜｜H^s-1. This phenomenon on the charge transport shows the essential difference between the unipolar Navier-Stokes-Maxwell and the bipolar Navier-Stokes-Maxwell system.

关键词： bipolar compressible Navier-Stokes-Maxwell system plasmas global smooth solutions energy estimates large-time behavior

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Polarizabilities and Hyperpolarizabilities for Lithium Atoms in Debye plasmas

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第12期61卷 881-887页

作者：康帅贺娟许宁陈昌永 School of Physics and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Zunyi Normal College Department of Physics Shaoguan University

The effects of plasma environments on energies, oscillator strengths, polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities for lithium atom have been calculated by combining the l-dependent model potential of free lithium atom and linear variation method based on B-spline basis functions. The influence of plasma on lithium atom is represented by the Debye screened potential, which describes effectively the averaged effect of the plasma environment on atomic spectra. The results are in agreement with other reported ones.

关键词： plasmas polarizabilities B-spline Debye screened potential Lithium atom

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Linear Analyses of Langmuir and EM Waves in Relativistic Hot plasmas

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第11期69卷 609-612页

作者：胡强林罗小兵肖桂兰胡文彭吉昌周身林 Department of Physics Jinggangshan University Library Jinggangshan University

The linear Langmuir and electromagnetic (EM) waves in relativistic hot plasmas are discussed, and the dispersion relations are obtained based on the covariant Maxwell's and fluid equations. When k_BT/mc^2> 1, the effective mass of electrons will be increased obviously. As the results, many other influences are induced, such as the decrease of the plasmas frequency and the critical frequency, the reduction of the electron sound velocity and the electrons' oscillation velocity, and so on. Numerical results show that these influences can affect the dispersion relations of Langmuir and EM waves seriously even in linear regime.

关键词： relativistic hot plasmas Langmuir wave electromagnetic wave dispersion relation

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A novel type of solitons in electron-ion plasmas

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Chinese Optics Letters 2006年第9期4卷 532-535页

作者：方宗豹沈百飞张正泉 State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

By using one-dimensional self-consistent relativistic fluid model, a novel type of moving relativistic electromagnetic solitons with high intensity in electron-ion plasmas where the ion dynamics is taken into account is investigated numerically. Unlike solitons with single-humped scalar potential found in previous studies, these solitons possess multi-humped scalar and vector potential. The existence of such soliton solutions is investigated in plasmas with different background densities, and the properties of these solitons are presented in detail. We found that the peculiar profile of electron density has alternating regions of humps and dips like a Bragg＇s grating.

关键词： Electrons Ions Laser fusion Laser systems plasmas Solitons

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