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Responses to defoliation and fertiliser,corm development and chemical control of onion grass(Romulea rosea)in the Mediterranean environment of southern Australia

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Grassland Research 2022年第3期1卷 197-206页

作者： Zhongnan Nie Reto Zollinger Ralph Behrendt Department of Jobs Precincts and RegionsHamiltonVictoriaAustralia College of Grassland ScienceGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouGansu ProvinceChina

Background:Onion grass(Romulea rosea)is a common weed that infests native and improved pastures in the Mediterranean environments of southern *** is a very challenging weed to control due to its distinctive growth and survival mechanisms involving ***:Three glasshouse experiments were conducted in Australia to investigate the response of onion grass to defoliation and fertiliser application,the development and growth of onion grass corms and the chemical control of the weed in winter and ***:Defoliating consistently to 1 cm above ground reduced corm weight by 84%compared with the *** or high fertiliser application did not increase herbage mass of onion grass compared with the nonfertilised *** corm weight of onion grass declined from Weeks 1 to 8 after emergence,remained at 53-60 mg dry matter(DM)corm−1 from Weeks 8 to 19 and then declined on average to 37mgDMcorm−1 up to Week 26 after *** corms started to develop at Week 6 after emergence.A small proportion of the onion grass plants(7.5%)developed multiple new corms(3-6 corms)from a single old *** most effective herbicide control was a winter application of metsulfuron methyl or imazamox as an alternative product to protect ***:This study has identified the growth and development patterns of onion grass corms,how the plant responded to defoliation and fertiliser application and effective chemical control of this *** findings have significant practical implications for the improvement of onion grass-infested pastures.

关键词： corm development herbicide plant density seedpod number timing of chemical control

Effects of Variety and planting density on Mung Bean Eco-Physiology and Yield in the Southeastern US

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第7期14卷 898-914页

作者： Jaekedah Christian Dafeng Hui Navneet Kaur Christina Kieffer Soroush Moghaddam Aisha Touray Joshua Borlay Matthew W. Blair Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy Fisseha Tegegne Prabodh Illukpitiya Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville Tennessee USA Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville Tennessee USA Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University Normal Alabama USA

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.) is a warm-season, C3 pulse crop of the legume family that has been widely cultivated in Asian countries. As the demand for mung bean continues to increase in the United States, the ecophysiology, growth, and yield of mung bean varieties in the southeastern US need to be assessed. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Education Center of Tennessee State University to investigate the effects of four varieties (OK2000, Berken, TSU-1, AAMU-1) and three planting densities (5, 10, and 15 cm spacing) on the ecophysiology and yield of mung bean. Results showed that the relative chlorophyll content, plant height, pod dry biomass, pod number, crop yield, and harvest index significantly varied among the varieties. density only influenced transpiration, relative chlorophyll content, and plant dry biomass. OK2000 had 101.0% more pods per plant and a 42.4% higher harvest index and produced a 45.3% higher yield than other varieties, but no significant difference in yield was found among the other three varieties. This study demonstrated that the mung bean variety OK2000 with a high yield would be ideal for commercial production in the southeastern US.

关键词： Mung Bean plant density Ecophysiology Growth Yield Legume

Evaluation of plant Densities and Various Irrigation Regimes of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under Low Water Supply

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Ali A. Alderfasi Mostafa M. Selim Bushra A. Alhammad Department of plant Production Faculty of Food and Agriculture Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Faculty of Sciences and Humanities Salman Bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj Saudi Arabia

Drought stress, during growth season along with plant density, is an important problem that needs attention. In order to investigate the influence of both factors in increasing the water use efficiency, field experiments were laid out in split-plot design at Agriculture Research Station, Collage of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, to investigate the effects of irrigation intervals viz., irrigation every (6, 9 and 12 days) under different plant densities i.e., (6, 8 and 10 plants/m2) on growth, yield and yield component parameters as well as grain quality of sorghum local variety (Gizani). Results revealed that almost all growth, yield and yield component parameters were significantly influenced by both factors as well as their interaction. Chemical composition of seeds, leaf proline content and WUE were also considered. Severe drought stress condition caused gradual decrease in most of the growth characters as compared to watered treatment and reflected in decreasing yield and yield component characters. Increasing plant densities led to raise biomass production and seed yield per unit area and not able to compensated the low number and weight of grains per panicle. Contrary, low plant density, under adequate irrigation conditions, can be compensated by a high number of grains per panicle and high weight of the grain. Maximum seed yield per hectare was recorded by the interactional effects of most watered treatments (irrigation every 6 days) and plant density of 10 plants per square meter.

关键词： Sorghum plant density plant Population Irrigation Water Use Efficiency Drought Stress

Effects of plant Population on Growth, Development and Oil Yield of Safflower

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第5期3卷 321-333页

作者： Vallantino Emongor Otsoseng Oagile Boipuso Kedikanetswe Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana College of Agriculture University of Botswana Gaborone Private Bag0027 Botswana Department of Farm Management Notwane Farm Botswana College of Agriculture University of Botswana Gaborone PrivateBag 0027 Botswana

Two field trials were clone to evaluate the effects of plant density on the growth, development and yield of safflower. The results showed that plant density and season of growth had significant （P ≤ 0.01） effects on growth, development, yield components, yield and oil content of safflower. Increasing safflower plant density from 100,000 to 250,000 plants ha^- significantly reduced plant height （13.2%-21.3%）, branch number plant^-1 （37%-54.7%）, leaf number plant^-1 （39%-39.2%）, leaf area （19.5%-53%）, plant spread （39.6%-54.4%）, root length （28.1%-54.4%）, plant biomass （17%-50%）, capitula size （12%-12.7%）, capitula number plant^-1 （39.5%-50.5%）, seed number capitula~ （39%-45%）, capitula weight （3.3%-3.6%）, seed yield （67.9%-69.8%） and seed oil content （14.7%-20.8%）. The reduction in vegetative growth, yield components, yield and oil content of safflower due to increased plant density was attributed to inter and intra-plant competition for light, nutrients and water necessary for growth and development. The differences between winter and summer grown safflower were attributed to difference in day and night temperature （DIF） and the average daily temperature which were optimum for safflower growth in winter. It was concluded that under Botswana conditions or in semi-arid areas, safflower should be planted at 50 cm × 20 cm or wider in order to maximize yield and oil content and allow the plants to express their maximum genetic potential.

关键词： Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plant density vegetative growth yield and yield components oil content.

Response of Four Dry Bean Market Classes to Pre-Emergence Applications of Pyroxasulfone, Sulfentrazone and Pyroxasulfone plus Sulfentrazone

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 1217-1225页

作者： Allison N. Taziar Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Darren E. Robinson Mitch Long Chris L. Gillard Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada FMC Corporation Saskatoon Canada

Only one herbicide mode of action (ALS inhibitor) is currently available to Ontario dry bean producers for soil-applied broadleaf weed control. Four field studies were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to examine the tolerance of four market classes of dry beans to sulfentrazone (210 and 420 g·ai·ha-1) and pyroxasulfone (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) applied alone and in combination. The registration of these two herbicides would provide Ontario dry bean producers with two additional modes of action for broadleaf weed control. Pyroxasulfone caused up to 23%, 6%, 7% and 10% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively;sulfentrazone caused up to 51%, 12%, 15% and 44% injury and the combination caused up to 90%, 23%, 29% and 62% injury, respectively. Kidney and small red Mexican bean density, height, seed moisture content and yield were not affected. Pyroxasulfone (200 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced adzuki and white bean density, shoot dry weight, height and yield. This study concludes that pyroxasulfone (100 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (210 g·ai·ha-1) applied PRE can be safely used to control weeds in Ontario kidney and small red Mexican bean production.

关键词： Adzuki Bean (Erimo) Kidney Bean (Red Hawk) Small Red Mexican Bean (Merlot) White Bean (T9905) Crop Injury plant density plant Height Seed Moisture Content Tolerance Yield

Manifestations in Yield and Agronomic Traits of Sorghum 'Jia141' in Jiamusi Area

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2016年第11期17卷 2578-2581页

作者：申晓慧黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院黑龙江佳木斯154007

The suitable plant density was favorable for sorghum yield increase. In order to clarify the suitable plant density of dwarf-stem, early-maturing sorghum variety ＇Jiza141 ＇, in the open field condition,150 000, 200 000, 250 000, 300 000 and 350 000 plants/hm^2 tests were set to study the effect of different densities on yield and yield traits. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, LAI increased, chlorophyll content decreased, plant length had no significant difference, era length and era diameter tended to decrease, while biomass increased with the increase of density. The 1000-grain weight and single panicle weight had the maximum effects on yield, and both of them showed a significantly positive correlation with the yield. In Jiamusi growing areas, the optimal plant density of sorghum ＇Jiza141＇ was 200 000 plants/hm^2, and the yield could reach 9 183.00 kg/hm^2. The study provides a theo- retical basis and technical support for the ＇Jiza141＇ variety in the Jiamusi ecological region.

关键词： Sorghum plant density Agronomic Character Productivity Potential Yield

Study on the Changes of Physiological Indexes of Water Spinach in Eutrophication Water

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2010年第11期11卷 73-76页

作者：李艳蔷李兆华姜应和宛晶赵丽娅武汉理工大学土木与建筑学院湖北武汉430070 湖北大学资源环境学院湖北武汉430062

[Objective] Effect of hypoxic water culture on physiological characteristic of water spinach and its hypoxia tolerance were studied.[Method] Water spinach was planted in soil and eutrophication water by means of floating bed,respectively,and the change of physiological indexes including chlorophyll,proline（Pro）,malondialdehyde（MDA）,soluble sugar and soluble protein in water spinach leaves at mature stage was researched,while the hypoxia tolerance of water spinach and the effect of plant density on water spinach growth were discussed in our paper.[Result] In the hypoxic eutrophication water,the content of total chlorophyll,malondialdehyde,soluble sugar and soluble protein in water spinach leaves was lower than that of soil culture,with higher proline content,which showed that water spinach had better tolerance to hypoxic eutrophication water;the higher the plant density,the lower the chlorophyll content in water spinach leaves,and there was no significant effect of plant density on proline and malondialdehyde content,while soluble protein content was higher under high plant density.[Conclusion] The best plant density of water spinach was 66 plants per floating bed with the area of 2 m2,which could provide theoretical basis for the application of water spinach in floating bed.

关键词： Water spinach Eutrophication water plant density Physiological index

种植密度与施氮时间对菜籽油质量和产量的影响(英文)

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种植密度与施氮时间对菜籽油质量和产量的影响(英文)