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Integration of production and use information into an exposure-based screening approach to rank chemicals of emerging Arctic concern for potential to be planetary boundary threats

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 213-218页

作者： Marta Plaza-Hernandez Juliette Legler Matthew MacLeod Brunel University London Department of Life SciencesUK Utrecht University Institute for Risk Assessment SciencesNetherlands Stockholm University Department of Environmental ScienceSweden

planetary boundaries delimit a‘safe operating space for humanity’that should not be overstepped to maintain stable Holocene-like conditions on *** chemical pollutants have the potential to pose a planetary boundary threat to the functioning of vital Earth system processes as so-called‘novel entities’.Recently,an exposure-based prioritization scheme was developed that uses model-estimated data on persistence and degree of mobility in air and water to identify and prioritise chemical substances that may be planetary boundary *** a case study,chemicals of emerging Arctic concern identified by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)were used to develop the *** exposure-based prioritization scheme cannot address all scenarios for a chemical to pose an unknown planetary boundary threat,but it does allow for prioritization of chemicals according to environmental fate and exposure profiles.A key limitation of the scheme is that the quantity of chemical potentially released to the environment was not considered in the ***,we use data on chemical production and use reported under the European chemicals regulation REACH,and an emission scoring system developed by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA)to attempt to add information about estimated emissions to the exposure-based prioritization *** REACH data and the EFSA scoring system,we ranked the AMAP substances according to their potential for environmental release and combined that information with the previously reported exposure-based prioritization that considers persistence and long-range transport *** method successfully assigned‘high priority’to known ozone-depleting substances(methyl chloride and dichloromethane)and identified chemicals of concern recently under consideration for nomination as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention(octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane).The EFSA scoring system offers a

关键词： Arctic contaminants AMAP Environmental release planetary boundary threats Exposure-based hazard profiles REACH

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Screening-level exposure-based prioritization to identify potential POPs, vPvBs and planetary boundary threats among Arctic contaminants

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Emerging Contaminants 2017年第2期3卷 85-94页

作者： Efstathios Reppas-Chrysovitsinos Anna Sobek Matthew MacLeod Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden

A report that reviews Arctic contaminants that are not currently regulated as persistent organic pollutants(POPs)under international treaties was recently published by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP).We evaluated 464 individual chemicals mentioned in the AMAP report according to hazard profiles for POPs,very persistent and very bioaccumulative(vPvB)chemicals,and two novel and distinct hazard profiles we derived from the planetary boundary threat *** two planetary boundary threat profiles assign high priority to chemicals that will be mobile and poorly reversible environmental *** persistence as a proxy for poor reversibility,we defined two exposure-based hazard profiles;airborne persistent contaminants(APCs)and waterborne persistent contaminants(WPCs)that are potential planetary boundary *** used in silico estimates of physicochemical properties and multimedia models to calculate hazard metrics for persistence,bioaccumulation and long-range transport potential,then we synthesized this information into four exposure-based hazard scores of the potential of each AMAP chemical to fit each of the POP,vPvB,APC and WPC exposure-based hazard *** an alternative to adopting a“bright line”score that represented cause for concern,we scored the AMAP chemicals by benchmarking against a reference set of 148 known and relatively well-studied contaminants and expressed their exposure-based hazard scores as percentile ranks against the scores of the reference set *** results show that scores in the four exposure-based hazard profiles provide complementary information about the potential environmental exposure-based hazards of the AMAP *** POP,vPvB,APC and WPC exposure-based hazard scores identify high priority chemicals for further study from among the AMAP contaminants.

关键词： Arctic contaminants AMAP Stockholm Convention REACH planetary boundary threats

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