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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2021年第1期7卷 144-148页

作者： Slobodan Spremo Mathematical Grammar School Belgrade Serbia

This paper represents a continuation of our Hypothesis of primary particles, which provides an opportunity for describing the origin of the Big Bang and other universes. In its hypothesis, we have shown that there was a possibility of hypothetical primary particles moving in their own flat spacetime, in their basic, dynamic state and possessing speeds much higher than the speed of light, acquiring energy and momentum during deceleration in mutual collisions, which would tunnel into various universes. The cosmic microwave background is evidence that our universe expanded from a very hot, dense state, which is consistent with our hypothesis. The lower border speed to which a primary particle at the Big Bang came very close in a collision during its deceleration, simultaneously represents the upper border speed in our Universe—the speed of light in a vacuum. The speed of light, along with other fundamental physical constants, had shaped our Universe, in a manner in which we are still able to recognize the “physical gene” that preceded our existence. By virtue of comprehending our Universe, using the help of fundamental physical constants, we have determined that the mass attributed to the primary particle, in accordance with the Hypothesis of primary particles, would correspond to the planck mass. Therefore, energy of the primary particle would be: Ep ≈ 1.22 × 1019 GeV.

关键词： Big Bang Flat Spacetime planck mass Quantum of Speed

On the Vacuum Hydrodynamics of Moving Bodies—The Theory of General Singularity

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 875-905页

作者： Alessandro Rizzo Independent Researcher Brescia Italy

The Theory of General Singularity is presented, unifying quantum field theory, general relativity, and the standard model. This theory posits phonons as fundamental excitations in a quantum vacuum, modeled as a Bose-Einstein condensate. Through key equations, the role of phonons as intermediaries between matter, energy, and spacetime geometry is demonstrated. The theory expands Einsteins field equations to differentiate between visible and dark matter, and revises the standard model by incorporating phonons. It addresses dark matter, dark energy, gravity, and phase transitions, while making testable predictions. The theory proposes that singularities, the essence of particles and black holes, are quantum entities ubiquitous in nature, constituting the very essence of elementary particles, seen as micro black holes or quantum fractal structures of spacetime. As the theory is refined with increasing mathematical rigor, it builds upon the foundation of initial physical intuition, connecting the spacetime continuum of general relativity with the hydrodynamics of the quantum vacuum. Inspired by the insights of Tesla and Majorana, who believed that physical intuition justifies the infringement of mathematical rigor in the early stages of theory development, this work aims to advance the understanding of the fundamental laws of the universe and the perception of reality.

关键词： planck mass Gravity Light Phonons Phononic Field Vacuum Hydrodynamics Bose-Einstein Condensate Phonons Quantum Vacuum Unification Gravity Dark Matter Dark Energy Theory of General Singularity

On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Conversion and Transformation of Sound into Light

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 363-385页

作者： Alessandro Rizzo Brescia Italy

In the study of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and Sonoluminescence, we observe parallels with larger cosmic events. Specifically, sonoluminescence involves the rapid collapse of bubbles, which closely resembles gravitational collapse in space. This observation suggests the potential formation of low-density quantum black holes. These entities, which might be related to dark matter, are thought to experience a kind of transient evaporation similar to Hawking radiation seen in cosmic black holes. Consequently, sonoluminescence could be a valuable tool for investigating phenomena typically linked to cosmic scale events. Furthermore, the role of the Higgs boson is considered in this context, possibly connecting it to both TGFs and sonoluminescence. This research could enhance our understanding of the quantum mechanics of black holes and their relation to dark matter on Earth.

关键词： planck mass Gravity Light Phonons Phononic Field Vacuum Hydrodynamics Sonoluminescence Hawking Radiation Quantum Black Holes Theory of General Singularity

planck Units Measured Totally Independently of Big G

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Open Journal of Microphysics 2022年第2期12卷 55-85页

作者： Espen Gaarder Haug Norwegian University of Life Sciences &#197 s Norway

In this paper, we show how one can find the planck units without any knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant, by mainly focusing on the use of a Cavendish apparatus to accomplish this. This is in strong contrast to the assumption that one needs to know G in order to find the planck units. The work strongly supports the idea that gravity is directly linked to the planck scale, as suggested by several quantum gravity theories. We further demonstrate that there is no need for the planck constant in observable gravity phenomena despite quantization, and we also suggest that standard physics uses two different mass definitions without acknowledging them directly. The quantization in gravity is linked to the planck length and planck time, which again is linked to what we can call the number of planck mass events. That is, quantization in gravity is not only a hypothesis, but something we can currently and actually detect and measure.

关键词： planck mass Newton’s Gravitational Constant Cavendish Apparatus Quantum Gravity

Dark Matter Particles

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2023年第4期9卷 1004-1020页

作者： Vladimir S. Netchitailo Freelancer Livermore USA

Researchers have been able to infer the existence of Dark Matter (DM) only from the gravitational effect. DM seems to outweigh visible matter roughly six to one, making up about 27% of the universe. Here’s a sobering fact: The matter we know and that makes up all stars and galaxies only accounts for 5% of the content of universe! But what is DM? [1]. Many experiments to detect and study Dark Matter Particles (DMPs) directly are being actively undertaken, but none have yet succeeded. Indirect detection experiments search for the products of the annihilation or decay of DMPs in outer space [2]. In this paper, we discuss main ideas of the Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) and introduce an additional new DMP “XION” (boson) with the rest energy 10.6 μeV that is an analog of Axion. On June 28, 2023, it was announced the existence of Cosmic Gravitational Background. In frames of WUM, we give an explanation of this discovery based on the analysis of “Gravitoplasma” composed of objects with planck mass, which were created as the result of Weak Interaction between XIONs and other particles in the Medium.

关键词： World-Universe Model Multicomponent Dark Matter Multiworld planck mass XION Cosmic Gravitational Background Distribution of World’s Energy Density

planck Quantization of Newton and Einstein Gravitation

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第2期6卷 206-217页

作者： Espen Gaarder Haug Norwegian University of Life Sciences Campus&#197 s Norway

In this paper we rewrite the gravitational constant based on its relationship with the planck length and based on this, we rewrite the planck mass in a slightly different form (that gives exactly the same value). In this way we are able to quantize a series of end results in Newton and Einstein’s gravitation theories. The formulas will still give exactly the same values as before, but everything related to gravity will then come in quanta. This also gives some new insight;for example, the gravitational deflection of light can be written as only a function of the radius and the planck length. Numerically this only has implications at the quantum scale;for macro objects the discrete steps are so tiny that they are close to impossible to notice. Hopefully this can give additional insight into how well or not so well (ad hoc) quantized Newton and Einstein’s gravitation is potentially linked with the quantum world.

关键词： Quantized Gravitation Gravitational Constant Escape Velocity Gravitational Time Dilation Schwarzschild Radius planck Length Bending of Light planck mass planck Length

On the Possibility of Describing the Origin of the Big Bang According to the Hypothesis of Primary Particles

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2021年第2期7卷 551-558页

作者： Slobodan Spremo Mathematical Grammar School Belgrade Serbia

In this paper, we have determined the basic physical quantities that describe the very formation of the Big Bang using hypothetical primary particles, in accordance with our Hypothesis of primary particles, as well as with the logically observed smallest increment of speed that can exist, the “speed quantum”. According to the Hypothesis of primary particles, they exist in their basic, dynamic state, in their own flat spacetime, moving mutually at speeds much higher than the speed of light in a vacuum. Hence, a certain probability of a collision among these hypothetical particles exists, during which one of them would be abruptly decelerated to a speed greater than the border speed in our Universe, c, by a speed quantum, εu. As shown in this Hypothesis, such deceleration would increase the energy and the momentum of this particle immensely, so that in a very short period of time, they could tunnel into our Universe through the Big Bang, creating our total energy as well as our spacetime. With this theoretical consideration, we determined the power released during the Big Bang itself, the time period during which it took place, and its radius: PB≈1.63×10183W, tB≈9.51×10-114s and rB≈2.85×10-105m. Evidently, this approach allowed us to theoretically push the boundaries for the description of this singularity to values lesser than the planck time and the planck length. We expect that the results for the initial singularity itself will allow a more detailed study of the Big Bang.

关键词： Big Bang Cosmic Microwave Background Flat spacetime planck mass Quantum of Speed