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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第4期30卷 724-733页

作者： Guangming Xie Ruihai Duan Yuqian Wang Zong’an Luo Guodong Wang State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Fusion welding easily causes microstructural coarsening in the heat-affected zone(HAZ) of a thick-gauge Pipeline steel joint. This is most significant in the inter-critically coarse-grained HAZ(ICCGHAZ), which considerably deteriorates the toughness of the joint. In the present work, 11-mm thick Pipeline steel was joined by preheating and double-sided friction stir welding(FSW). A comparative study on the microstructure and toughness in the ICCGHAZs for FSW and gas metal arc welding(GMAW) was performed. The toughness in the ICCGHAZ for FSW was improved significantly than that in the ICCGHAZ for GMAW. Generally, the nugget zone(NZ) has a coarse microstructure in the FSW steel joint formed at the highest peak temperature. However, in the current study, the microstructure in the one-pass NZ was remarkably refined owing to the static recrystallization of ferrite. An excellent toughness was achieved in the NZ of the Pipeline steel joint that employed FSW.

关键词： Pipeline steel thick-gauge plate friction stir welding microstructure toughness

Prediction of M–A Constituents and Impact Toughness in Stir Zone of X80 Pipeline steel Friction Stir Welds

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金属学报:英文版 2023年第4期36卷 573-585页

作者： Xueli Wang Xin Ji Bin He Dongpo Wang Chengning Li Yongchang Liu Wei Guan Lei Cui Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China

This study explored a strategy for predicting the proportion of martensite–austenite(M–A)constituents and impact toughness of stir zone(SZ)on X80 Pipeline steel joints welded by friction stir welding(FSW).It is found that the welding forces,including the traverse force(F_(x)),the lateral force(F_(y))and the plunge force(F_(z)),are the key variables related to the change of welding parameters and influence remarkably the characteristics of M–A constituents and impact toughness of SZ.The impact toughness of SZ is commonly lower than that of the base material due to the formation of lath bainite and coarsening of austenite.The characteristics of M–A constituents in SZ are sensitive to the variation of welding parameters and respond well to the change of welding forces.The proportion of small island M–A constituents increases with the decrease in rotational speed and the increase in Fz.The increase in the amount of island M–A constituents is beneficial to improve the impact toughness of SZ.Based on the above findings,a machine learning(ML)model for predicting the M–A constituents and impact toughness is constructed using the force features as the input data set.The force data-driven ML model can predict the M–A constituents and impact toughness precisely and exhibits higher accuracy than ML built with welding parameters.It is believed that the high accuracy is achieved because the force features include more details of FSW process,such as the heat generation,material flow,plastic deformation,and so on,which govern the microstructural evolution of SZ during FSW.

关键词： Friction stir welding Pipeline steel Welding force M-A constituents Impact toughness

Molecular dynamics study of hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of ferrite–pearlite gas transmission Pipeline steel

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Journal of Iron and steel Research(International) 2024年第2期31卷 488-500页

作者： Tao-long Xu Si-han Guo Gong-zhen He Hao-yu Han Petroleum Engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Sichuan East Gas Transmission Sales Center of Sinopec Natural Gas Branch Wuhan430074HubeiChina

Hydrogen embrittlement of pipelines depends on the hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of the Pipeline steel microstructure.Based on molecular dynamics analysis,the ferrite–cementite(α-Fe/Fe3C)lamellar atomic structure with the Bagaryatskii orientation relationship was established,and stepwise relaxation of the conjugate gradient energy minimization and constant-temperature and constant-pressure relaxation were performed under NPT(the isothermal–isobaric)conditions.The mechanical property curves of theα-Fe/Fe3C models were obtained under different cementite terminal plane structures,and the evolution of the atomic structure was analyzed in detail.In addition,the influence of different hydrogen concentrations,different temperatures,different strain rates,changes in voids,and different micro-degrees of freedom on the deformation and failure mechanism of the model was investigated,aiming to provide a reliable way to explore the micro-mechanism of macro-cracking behavior of Pipeline steel.

关键词： Ferrite-cementite lamellar structure Pipeline steel Failure mechanism Crack propagation Molecular dynamics

Enhanced Bio-corrosion Resistance by Cu Alloying in a Micro-alloyed Pipeline steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第10期35卷 1731-1743页

作者： Yunpeng Zeng Wei Yan Xianbo Shi Maocheng Yan Yiyin Shan Ke Yang School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang110016China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

On the composition base of commercial X65 grade Pipeline steels,a Cu modified Pipeline steel was designed to show improved resistance to microbially induced corrosion(MIC).The mechanical properties of the Cu-added steel and its corrosion behavior in a soil solution inoculated with sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)were investigated in this work.The results demonstrated that Cu-added steel exhibits a good combination of strength and toughness.Cu ions released from the Cu-added steel could effectively kill the SRB attaching on the steel surface,thus evidently decreased the pit depth and diameter of Cu-added steel.Furthermore,during the long-term immersion,the Cu-rich film formed by the enrichment of Cu in the corrosion product layer on the steel surface could also contribute to the improvement of the bio-corrosion resistance of Cu-added steel.

关键词： Pipeline steel Mechanical property Microbiologically influenced corrosion Cu alloyed steel Corrosion mechanism Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)

Evolution of inclusions in a Pipeline steel during continuous casting and hot rolling process

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Journal of Iron and steel Research(International) 2022年第1期29卷 175-185页

作者： Yi Wang Wei-fu Li Wen Yang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Industrial trials were performed to study the evolution of inclusions in a Pipeline steel during the continuous casting and hot rolling process.The main composition of inclusions changed from Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO in the liquid steel to Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-CaS in the slab,and then to Al_(2)O_(3)-CaS in the rolled plate.Corresponding area fractions of inclusions increased from 47.0×10^(-6) to 76.7×10^(-6),and to 144.3×10^(-6).It was explained by thermodynamic calculations that the thermodynamic equilibrium between inclusions and the steel varied with the temperature.Element contents of Al,Ca,Mg,S,and O in the steel decreased during the solidification and cooling process.Due to the difference in the cooling rate,the transformation ratio of CaS increased from 61% at the slab surface to 95% in the slab center.It was also affected by the size of inclusions as smaller inclusions provided better kinetic conditions.Critical diameters of inclusions for the composition transformation were calculated.For the hot rolling process,the average aspect ratio of inclusions increased from 1.4 in the slab to 2.8 in the rolled plate.During the hot rolling process,a part of inclusions was crushed into small particles of CaS phase and Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO cores,leading to a decrease in CaS content of inclusions.

关键词： Inclusion Pipeline steel Continuous casting Hot rolling Deformation

Improved data-driven performance of Charpy impact toughness via literature-assisted production data in Pipeline steel

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 2069-2079页

作者： SHANG ChunLei WANG ChuanJun WU HongHui LIU WenYue CHEN YiMian PAN GuangFei WANG ShuiZe WU GuiLin GAO JunHeng ZHAO HaiTao ZHANG ChaoLei MAO XinPing Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Innovation Research Institute for Carbon NeutralityUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Metal Materials for Marine Equipment and Application Anshan 114009China Ansteel Beijing Research Institute Co.Ltd. Beijing 102200China

pipeline transportation is one of the most economical ways to transport crude oil and natural gas over long distances.High toughness is one of the important qualities of Pipeline steel to ensure safe transportation,wherein a key factor characterizing toughness is Charpy impact toughness(CIT).In this work,according to the production line data provided by a steel mill and the experimental data collected in literature,two machine learning model construction strategies were proposed.One was based solely on the production line dataset,and the other was based on the production line dataset together with the literature dataset.In these two strategies,the random forest model displayed the best prediction results,the accuracy of strategy I was 0.58,and the accuracy of strategy II was 0.90,wherein literature data effectively improved the CIT prediction accuracy.Finally,an optimized CIT model based on machine learning algorithms was established.The proposed strategy of literature data-assisted production line data provides a new perspective for optimizing and predicting the performance of traditional structural materials.

关键词： data-driven design Pipeline steel Charpy impact toughness machine learning

Spontaneous Self-healing Bio-inspired Lubricant-infused Coating on Pipeline steel Substrate with Reinforcing Anti-corrosion,Anti-fouling,and Anti-scaling Properties

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第6期19卷 1601-1614页

作者： Hao Li Yujie Peng Kai Zhang Pengchang Li Lei Xin Xiaoli Yin Sirong Yu School of Material Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China National Engineering Laboratory of Offshore Geophysical and Exploration Equipment China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China School of Materials Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China

Superhydrophobic surfaces(SHS)and slippery lubricant-infused porous surfaces(SLIPS)attract great attention due to their multiple properties in both industries and our daily lives.Here,we first fabricated the SHS with micro-scale flower-like structures composed of nano-sheets on Pipeline steel substrate.Then,we obtained the SLIPS by spin-coating lubricant into gaps of micro-scale flower-like structures,with the air still trapped among gaps of nano-sheets.The SLIPS shows excellent liquid repellency as the SHS.The SLIPS also shows stability after the scour of flowing water.These results of polarization curves(Tafel)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies deduced the SLIPS with better and more stable anti-corrosion property than the SHS.Compared with the SHS,the lack of attachment and CaCO_(3) on the SLIPS indicates that the SLIPS demonstrates better anti-fouling and anti-scaling properties than the SHS.Moreover,the SLIPS shows promising wear resistance under the abrasion simulated by sandpaper compared with the SHS.Notably,the air trapped among nano-sheets is conducive to the lubricant flowing to the surface quickly,exhibiting spontaneous self-healing in atmosphere,even if part flower-like structures of the SLIPS subject to damage with the lubricant consumed after scratched.

关键词： Pipeline steel Bioinspiration Slippery surface Self-healing

Microstructural refinement mechanism and its effect on toughness in the nugget zone of high-strength Pipeline steel by friction stir welding

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第34期93卷 221-231页

作者： R.H.Duan G.M.Xie P.Xue Z.Y.Ma Z.A.Luo C.Wang R.D.K.Misra State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityNo.3 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110819China Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityNo.3 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110819China Department of Metallurgical Materialsand Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El PasoTX 79968USA

High-strength Pipeline steel was subjected to friction stir welding(FSW)at rotation rates of 400-700 rpm,and the grain refinement mechanism of the nugget zone(NZ)was determined.The thermomechanical process during FSW in the NZ was simulated by multi-pass thermal compression,thereby achieving the austenitic non-recrystallization temperature(T_(nr)).The austenitic non-recrystallization in the NZ at the lowest rotation rate of 400 rpm caused a significant grain refinement.Furthermore,the reduced rotation rate also resulted in the formation of a high ratio of island-like martensite-austenite(M-A)constituent.The toughness of the NZs was enhanced as the rotation rate decreased,which is attributed to the fine effective grains and homogeneously distributed fine M-A constituents dramatically inhibiting crack initiation and propagation.

关键词： Pipeline steel Friction stir welding Grain refinement M-A constituent Toughness

Microbial corrosion resistance of a novel Cu-bearing Pipeline steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第12期34卷 2480-2491页

作者： Xianbo Shi Wei Yan Dake Xu Maocheng Yan Chunguang Yang Yiyin Shan Ke Yang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University

Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC) is becoming a serious problem for buried pipelines. Developing environmentally friendly strategies for MIC control is increasingly urgent in oil/gas pipeline industry.Copper(Cu) in steels can not only provide aging precipitation strengthening, but also kill bacterium,offering a special biofunction to steels. Based on the chemical composition of traditional X80 Pipeline steel, two Cu-bearing Pipeline steels(1% Cu and 2% Cu) were fabricated in this study. The microstructure,mechanical properties and antibacterial property against sulphate-reducing bacteria(SRB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) were studied. It was found that the novel Pipeline steel alloyed by 1%Cu exhibited acicular ferrite microstructure with nano-sized Cu-rich precipitates distribution in the matrix, resulting in better mechanical properties than the traditional X80 steel, and showed good MIC resistance as well. The pitting corrosion resistance of 1% Cu steel in as-aged condition was significantly better than that of X80 steel. A possible antibacterial mechanism of the Cu-bearing Pipeline steel was proposed.

关键词： Pipeline steel Cu alloying Cu-rich nano-precipitation Microbiologically influenced corrosion Pitting corrosion

Near-neutral pH corrosion of mill-scaled X-65 Pipeline steel with paint primer

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第14期47卷 166-178页

作者： Shidong Wang Lyndon Lamborn Karina Chevil Erwin Gamboa Weixing Chen Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonT6G 2G6Canada Enbridge pipelines Inc. EdmontonT5J 3N7Canada TC Energy Corporation CalgaryT2P 5H1Canada

The corrosion behaviour of mill-scaled X65 Pipeline steel with and without a primer layer was studied in a simulated near-neutral pH soil solution.Results revealed a three-stage corrosion process of the mill-scaled Pipeline steel surface.The first stage included an initial preferential dissolution of goethite(γ-FeOOH)and lepidocrocite(?-FeOOH)in mill scale.The second stage was marked by enhanced localized corrosion and pit-formation because of either galvanic corrosion or acidic dissolution in areas enclosed by mill scale.The final stage was general corrosion after the mill scale flaked off the steel surface.When the primer layer was applied,localized corrosion was significantly enhanced on the steel surface and persisted for an extended period as compared to the mill-scaled condition.The precipitation of siderite(FeCO3)was observed at flawed locations of mill scale,although the bulk chemistry is not favorable for its formation on the steel surface free of mill scale.The local precipitation of siderite formed a capped mill scale enclosure where localized corrosion can be further enhanced.

关键词： Pipeline steel Primer paint Mill scale Localized corrosion Siderite precipitation