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Evolution of inclusions in a pipeline steel during continuous casting and hot rolling process

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Journal of Iron and steel Research(International) 2022年第1期29卷 175-185页

作者： Yi Wang Wei-fu Li Wen Yang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Industrial trials were performed to study the evolution of inclusions in a pipeline steel during the continuous casting and hot rolling process.The main composition of inclusions changed from Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO in the liquid steel to Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-CaS in the slab,and then to Al_(2)O_(3)-CaS in the rolled plate.Corresponding area fractions of inclusions increased from 47.0×10^(-6) to 76.7×10^(-6),and to 144.3×10^(-6).It was explained by thermodynamic calculations that the thermodynamic equilibrium between inclusions and the steel varied with the temperature.Element contents of Al,Ca,Mg,S,and O in the steel decreased during the solidification and cooling process.Due to the difference in the cooling rate,the transformation ratio of CaS increased from 61% at the slab surface to 95% in the slab center.It was also affected by the size of inclusions as smaller inclusions provided better kinetic conditions.Critical diameters of inclusions for the composition transformation were calculated.For the hot rolling process,the average aspect ratio of inclusions increased from 1.4 in the slab to 2.8 in the rolled plate.During the hot rolling process,a part of inclusions was crushed into small particles of CaS phase and Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO cores,leading to a decrease in CaS content of inclusions.

关键词： Inclusion pipeline steel Continuous casting Hot rolling Deformation

Prediction of M–A Constituents and Impact Toughness in Stir Zone of X80 pipeline steel Friction Stir Welds

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金属学报:英文版 2023年第4期36卷 573-585页

作者： Xueli Wang Xin Ji Bin He Dongpo Wang Chengning Li Yongchang Liu Wei Guan Lei Cui Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China

This study explored a strategy for predicting the proportion of martensite–austenite(M–A)constituents and impact toughness of stir zone(SZ)on X80 pipeline steel joints welded by friction stir welding(FSW).It is found that the welding forces,including the traverse force(F_(x)),the lateral force(F_(y))and the plunge force(F_(z)),are the key variables related to the change of welding parameters and influence remarkably the characteristics of M–A constituents and impact toughness of SZ.The impact toughness of SZ is commonly lower than that of the base material due to the formation of lath bainite and coarsening of austenite.The characteristics of M–A constituents in SZ are sensitive to the variation of welding parameters and respond well to the change of welding forces.The proportion of small island M–A constituents increases with the decrease in rotational speed and the increase in Fz.The increase in the amount of island M–A constituents is beneficial to improve the impact toughness of SZ.Based on the above findings,a machine learning(ML)model for predicting the M–A constituents and impact toughness is constructed using the force features as the input data set.The force data-driven ML model can predict the M–A constituents and impact toughness precisely and exhibits higher accuracy than ML built with welding parameters.It is believed that the high accuracy is achieved because the force features include more details of FSW process,such as the heat generation,material flow,plastic deformation,and so on,which govern the microstructural evolution of SZ during FSW.

关键词： Friction stir welding pipeline steel Welding force M-A constituents Impact toughness

Spontaneous Self-healing Bio-inspired Lubricant-infused Coating on pipeline steel Substrate with Reinforcing Anti-corrosion,Anti-fouling,and Anti-scaling Properties

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第6期19卷 1601-1614页

作者： Hao Li Yujie Peng Kai Zhang Pengchang Li Lei Xin Xiaoli Yin Sirong Yu School of Material Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China National Engineering Laboratory of Offshore Geophysical and Exploration Equipment China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China School of Materials Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China

Superhydrophobic surfaces(SHS)and slippery lubricant-infused porous surfaces(SLIPS)attract great attention due to their multiple properties in both industries and our daily lives.Here,we first fabricated the SHS with micro-scale flower-like structures composed of nano-sheets on pipeline steel substrate.Then,we obtained the SLIPS by spin-coating lubricant into gaps of micro-scale flower-like structures,with the air still trapped among gaps of nano-sheets.The SLIPS shows excellent liquid repellency as the SHS.The SLIPS also shows stability after the scour of flowing water.These results of polarization curves(Tafel)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies deduced the SLIPS with better and more stable anti-corrosion property than the SHS.Compared with the SHS,the lack of attachment and CaCO_(3) on the SLIPS indicates that the SLIPS demonstrates better anti-fouling and anti-scaling properties than the SHS.Moreover,the SLIPS shows promising wear resistance under the abrasion simulated by sandpaper compared with the SHS.Notably,the air trapped among nano-sheets is conducive to the lubricant flowing to the surface quickly,exhibiting spontaneous self-healing in atmosphere,even if part flower-like structures of the SLIPS subject to damage with the lubricant consumed after scratched.

关键词： pipeline steel Bioinspiration Slippery surface Self-healing

Improved data-driven performance of Charpy impact toughness via literature-assisted production data in pipeline steel

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 2069-2079页

作者： SHANG ChunLei WANG ChuanJun WU HongHui LIU WenYue CHEN YiMian PAN GuangFei WANG ShuiZe WU GuiLin GAO JunHeng ZHAO HaiTao ZHANG ChaoLei MAO XinPing Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Innovation Research Institute for Carbon NeutralityUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Metal Materials for Marine Equipment and Application Anshan 114009China Ansteel Beijing Research Institute Co.Ltd. Beijing 102200China

pipeline transportation is one of the most economical ways to transport crude oil and natural gas over long distances.High toughness is one of the important qualities of pipeline steel to ensure safe transportation,wherein a key factor characterizing toughness is Charpy impact toughness(CIT).In this work,according to the production line data provided by a steel mill and the experimental data collected in literature,two machine learning model construction strategies were proposed.One was based solely on the production line dataset,and the other was based on the production line dataset together with the literature dataset.In these two strategies,the random forest model displayed the best prediction results,the accuracy of strategy I was 0.58,and the accuracy of strategy II was 0.90,wherein literature data effectively improved the CIT prediction accuracy.Finally,an optimized CIT model based on machine learning algorithms was established.The proposed strategy of literature data-assisted production line data provides a new perspective for optimizing and predicting the performance of traditional structural materials.

关键词： data-driven design pipeline steel Charpy impact toughness machine learning

Enhanced Bio-corrosion Resistance by Cu Alloying in a Micro-alloyed pipeline steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第10期35卷 1731-1743页

作者： Yunpeng Zeng Wei Yan Xianbo Shi Maocheng Yan Yiyin Shan Ke Yang School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang110016China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

On the composition base of commercial X65 grade pipeline steels,a Cu modified pipeline steel was designed to show improved resistance to microbially induced corrosion(MIC).The mechanical properties of the Cu-added steel and its corrosion behavior in a soil solution inoculated with sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)were investigated in this work.The results demonstrated that Cu-added steel exhibits a good combination of strength and toughness.Cu ions released from the Cu-added steel could effectively kill the SRB attaching on the steel surface,thus evidently decreased the pit depth and diameter of Cu-added steel.Furthermore,during the long-term immersion,the Cu-rich film formed by the enrichment of Cu in the corrosion product layer on the steel surface could also contribute to the improvement of the bio-corrosion resistance of Cu-added steel.

关键词： pipeline steel Mechanical property Microbiologically influenced corrosion Cu alloyed steel Corrosion mechanism Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)

Microstructure and toughness of thick-gauge pipeline steel joint via double-sided friction stir welding combined with preheating

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第4期30卷 724-733页

作者： Guangming Xie Ruihai Duan Yuqian Wang Zong’an Luo Guodong Wang State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Fusion welding easily causes microstructural coarsening in the heat-affected zone(HAZ) of a thick-gauge pipeline steel joint. This is most significant in the inter-critically coarse-grained HAZ(ICCGHAZ), which considerably deteriorates the toughness of the joint. In the present work, 11-mm thick pipeline steel was joined by preheating and double-sided friction stir welding(FSW). A comparative study on the microstructure and toughness in the ICCGHAZs for FSW and gas metal arc welding(GMAW) was performed. The toughness in the ICCGHAZ for FSW was improved significantly than that in the ICCGHAZ for GMAW. Generally, the nugget zone(NZ) has a coarse microstructure in the FSW steel joint formed at the highest peak temperature. However, in the current study, the microstructure in the one-pass NZ was remarkably refined owing to the static recrystallization of ferrite. An excellent toughness was achieved in the NZ of the pipeline steel joint that employed FSW.

关键词： pipeline steel thick-gauge plate friction stir welding microstructure toughness

Passivation process of X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2011年第2期18卷 178-184页

作者： Jian-long Zhou Xiao-gang Li Cui-wei Du Ying Pan Tao Li Qian Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection wtthan 430030 China School of Materials ＆ Metallurgy Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou 014010 China

The passivation process of X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions was investigated using potentiodynamic, dynamic electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy （DEIS）, and Mott-Schottky measurements. The results show that the shape of polarization curves changes with concentration. The critical ＇passive＇ concentration is 0.009 mol/L for X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions. No anodic current peak exists in solutions when the concentration is lower than 0.009 mol/L, whereas there are one and two anodic current peaks when the concentration ranges from 0.009 to 0.05 mol/L and is higher than 0.1 mol/L, respectively. DEIS measurements show that there exist active dissolution range, transition range, pre-passive range, passive layer formation range, passive range, and trans-passive range for X80 pipeline steel in the 0.1 mol/L solutions. The results of DEIS measurements are in complete agreement with the potentiodynamic diagram. An equivalent circuit containing three sub-layers is used to explain the Nyquist plots in the passive range. Analyses are well made for explaining the corresponding fitted capacitance and impedance. The Mott-Schottky plots show that the passive film of X80 pipeline steel is an n-type semiconductor, and capacitance measurements are in good accordance with the results of DEIS experiment.

关键词： pipeline steel bicarbonate solutions passivation potentiodynamic polarization electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Microbial corrosion resistance of a novel Cu-bearing pipeline steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第12期34卷 2480-2491页

作者： Xianbo Shi Wei Yan Dake Xu Maocheng Yan Chunguang Yang Yiyin Shan Ke Yang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University

Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC) is becoming a serious problem for buried pipelines. Developing environmentally friendly strategies for MIC control is increasingly urgent in oil/gas pipeline industry.Copper(Cu) in steels can not only provide aging precipitation strengthening, but also kill bacterium,offering a special biofunction to steels. Based on the chemical composition of traditional X80 pipeline steel, two Cu-bearing pipeline steels(1% Cu and 2% Cu) were fabricated in this study. The microstructure,mechanical properties and antibacterial property against sulphate-reducing bacteria(SRB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) were studied. It was found that the novel pipeline steel alloyed by 1%Cu exhibited acicular ferrite microstructure with nano-sized Cu-rich precipitates distribution in the matrix, resulting in better mechanical properties than the traditional X80 steel, and showed good MIC resistance as well. The pitting corrosion resistance of 1% Cu steel in as-aged condition was significantly better than that of X80 steel. A possible antibacterial mechanism of the Cu-bearing pipeline steel was proposed.

关键词： pipeline steel Cu alloying Cu-rich nano-precipitation Microbiologically influenced corrosion Pitting corrosion

A New Understanding of Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanism of X80 pipeline steel at Passive Potential in High-pH Solutions

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第7期28卷 866-875页

作者： Lin Fan Zhi-Yong Liu Wei-Min Guo Jian Hou Cui-Wei Du Xiao-Gang Li Corrosion and Protection Center University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute

Susceptibilities to stress corrosion cracking（SCC） of X80 pipeline steel in relatively concentrated carbonate/bicarbonate solutions with different chloride ion concentrations or p H value at a passive potential of-200 m V vs SCE were investigated by slow strain rate tensile test.In order to explore the SCC mechanism and the evaluation criterion for the SCC susceptibility of the steel in passive state,electrochemical measurements were taken.Potentiodynamic polarization curves were obtained at different potential sweep rates,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were taken after fast polarization to the passive potential.The effects of chloride ion and p H on SCC behaviors of X80 steel at the passive potential were also discussed.The results showed that the SCC mechanism of X80 pipeline steel was greatly influenced by the passive film formed in these solutions.The SCC behaviors followed the film suppressed anodic dissolution mechanism in these circumstances,because the filming process accounted for a considerable proportion of the overall electrode process.The criteria for evaluating the SCC susceptibility of the steel at passive potential were proposed and validated.Decreasing in the concentration of chloride ion or increasing in p H value resulted in the reduction in SCC susceptibility.The existence of chloride ion greatly lowered the passivation tendency and the film stability,while its concentration determined the dissolution rate of the steel matrix.Higher p H value was responsible for the stable and tenacious passive films and the high repassivation capability.It was also inclined to lower the anodic dissolution rate at crack tips by retarding the cathodic oxygen reduction.

关键词： pipeline steel Stress corrosion cracking （SCC） Passivation Chloride ion pH value