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Effect of an extraction solvent on the antioxidant quality of pinus densiflora needle extract

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第3期9卷 193-200页

作者： Thamizhiniyan Venkatesan Young-Woong Choi Young-Kyoon Kim Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology College of Science and TechnologyKookmin University

pinus densiflora needle extract (PDNE) is widely reported to have many pharmacological activities including antioxidant potential. However, the solvent system used for extraction greatly affects its antioxidant quality. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effect of a different ratio (vol/vol) of ethanol to water (0-100%) in the extraction of PDNE with potent antioxidant capacity. The chemical assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), were conducted to assess the antioxidant potential of PDNE. Subsequently, the cytoprotective effect of PDNE was determined using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-challenged HepG2 cellular model. The needle extracts from 40% ethanol (PDNE-40) showed greater radical scavenging activity followed by 60%, 20%, 80%, 0% and 100% ethanol extracts. EC50 value of the most active extract, PDNE-40, was 8.56 ± 0.51 μg/mL, relative to 1.34 ± 0.28 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for ABTS radical), and 75.96 ± 11.60 μg/mL, relative to 4.83 ± 0.26 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for DPPH radical). Either PDNE-20 or PDNE-40 pretreatment remarkably decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in TBHP-challenged HepG2 cells. In addition, both PDNE-20 and PDNE-40 significantly reversed the decreased ratio of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Moreover, these two extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on TBHP-induced nuclear damage and loss of cell viability. In summary, the inclusion of 40% ethanol in water for extraction of pinus densiflora needle greatly increases the antioxidant quality of the extract.

关键词： pinus densiflora needle extract Oxidative stress Cytoprotective Natural antioxidant

Rooting of pinus radiata somatic embryos: factors involved in the success of the process

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 65-71页

作者： I.A.Montalbán P.Moncaleaán NEIKER-TECNALIA Centro de Arkaute

In vitro conditions of the culture media, plant growth regulators and culture containers may cause anatomical and physiological changes that have negative effects on rooting and ex vitro acclimatization of somatic plantlets. The control of these factors could contribute to the improvement of somatic embryogenesis systems in conifers, especially in pines. The influence of macronutrient concentrations, explant type and culture containers in pinus radiata D. Don in vitro somatic embryo rooting were analyzed. The highest rooting percentage was observed using half-strength macronutrient concentrations, complete micronutrients and vitamins of Quoirin and Lepoivre medium. Although the use of glass culture vessels was the best to increase the efficiency of the somatic embryogenesis process in terms of rooting, the use of ventilated containers resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of plants able to be planted in the field.

关键词： Acclimatization Auxins Containers pinus radiata Somatic embryogenesis

Analysis of the chloroplast genomes of four pinus species in Northeast China:Insights into hybrid speciation and identification of DNA molecular markers

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第6期33卷 1881-1890页

作者： Tao Yu Zhiyuan Jia Buddhi Dayananda Junqing Li Xiaolei Guo Liang Shi Xiaowen Yuan Yan Gao Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Kunyu Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration Yantai 264113People’s Republic of China Yantai Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm Yantai 264113People’s Republic of China

Species of the pinus genus provide a classical model for studying hybrid *** studies on two narrowly distributed species(P inus funebris and ***)concluded that they originated from two widespread species(*** and ***)via hybrid speciation,the conclusion was based on a low number of informative restriction *** this study,we analyzed the sequences of four pinus chloroplast(cp)genomes(***,***,*** and ***)to clarify whether hybrid speciation was *** complete cp-genomes of pinus species ranged in size from 119,865 to 119,890 bp,similar to other pinus *** results based on the whole cp-genomes showed *** clustered with *** and ***,which suggested that *** was the paternal parent in hybridization *** an analysis of simple sequence repeats(SSRs),we detected a total of 69 SSRs repeats among the four pinus cp-genomes;most were A or T *** addition,we identified divergent hotspot regions among the four pinus cp-genomes(trnE-clpP,cemA-ycf4,petD-rpoA,psbD-trnT,and trnN-chlL),in ***(psbD-trnT,trnN-chlL,psbB and rps8)and in ***(trnE-clpP,petD-rpoA,ycf3 intron,psbD-trnT,and trnN-chlL).The genome information found in this study provides new insights into hybrid speciation in P inus and contributes to a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within the pinus genus.

关键词： pinus Chloroplast genomes Hybrid speciation Divergence hotspot regions Phylogenetic relationship

Contribution of soil fauna to the degradation of recalcitrant components in Cinnamomum camphora foliar litter in different-sized gaps in pinus massoniana plantations

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 931-941页

作者： Yan Zhang Danju Zhang Xun Li Jian Zhang Institute of Ecology and Forestry College of Forestry Chengdu 611130People’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Chengdu 611130People’s Republic of China

Forest gaps are important in forest dynamics and management, but little is known about how soil fauna influence the degradation of recalcitrant litter components in different-sized forest gaps. This investigation uses litterbags with two different mesh sizes (0.04 and 3 mm) to control the meso- and microfauna entering the bags to quantify the contribution of soil fauna to the degradation of recalcitrant components (including condensed tannins, total phenol, lignin and cellulose) during litter decomposition. The experiment was conducted in seven different forest gap sizes in pinus massoniana plantations over 1 year. One closed-canopy site (CC) and forest gap sizes of 100, 225, 400, 625, 900, 1225 and 1600 m^2 were created in a P. massoniana plantation in the Sichuan basin of China;the CC was treated as the control. Cinnamomum camphora foliage from local native trees was used in all forest gap experiments. We found the following:(1) Gap size had significant effects on the degradation rates (E) of condensed tannins and lignin and on the contributions of soil fauna;medium-sized gaps also presented high degradation rates. Soil fauna obviously contributed to the degradation of recalcitrant foliar litter components in medium-sized gaps.(2) The highest contribution to degradation (40.98%) was recorded for lignin, and the lowest contribution (0.29%) was recorded for condensed tannins. The results indicate that medium-sized gaps (900 m^2) were conducive to the degradation of recalcitrant litter components by soil fauna.

关键词： Cinnamomum camphora Foliar litter Gap size pinus massoniana Recalcitrant litter components Soil fauna

Influence of physiological and environmental factors on the diurnal variation in emissions of biogenic volatile compounds from pinus tabuliformis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第7期31卷 102-118页

作者： Jungang Chen Huaxing Bi Xinxiao Yu Yanlin Fu Wenchao Liao College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Ji County Station Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network (CNERN) Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement With Forestry and Fruit Trees Beijing Water Consulting Co. LTD

Biological volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) have a large influence on atmospheric environmental quality, climate change and the carbon cycle. This study assesses the composition and diurnal variation in emission rates of BVOCs from pinus tabuliformis, using an enclosure technique. Environmental parameters(temperature and light intensity) and physiological parameters(net photosynthetic rate, P_n; stomatal conductance, g_s; intercellular CO_2 concentration, C_i; and transpiration rate, T_r) that may affect emission behavior were continuously monitored. The 10 most abundant compound groups emitted by P. tabuliformis were classified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The dominant monoterpenoid compounds emitted were α-pinene, β-myrcene, α-farnesene and limonene. The diurnal emission rate of BVOCs changed with temperature and light intensity, with dynamic analysis of BVOCs emissions revealing that their emission rates were more affected by temperature than light. The variation in monoterpene emission rates was consistent with estimates of P_n, g_s and T_r. Basal emission rates(at 30 °C,) of the main BVOCs ranged from 0.006 to 0.273 μg^(-1)/(hr g),while the basal ER standardization coefficients ranged from 0.049 to 0.144 °C^(-1). Overall, these results provide a detailed reference for the effective selection and configuration of tree species to effectively prevent and control atmospheric pollution.

关键词： Biogenic volatile organic compounds pinus tabuliformis Emission rate Monoterpenes

Decreasing the error in the measurement of the ecosystem effective leaf area index of a pinus massoniana forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1459-1470页

作者： Zhanghao Chen Kunyong Yu Jian Liu Fan Wang Yi Zhong Forestry College Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350000People's Republic of China University Key Lab for Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resources Utilization in Fujian Province Fuzhou 350000People's Republic of China

Decreasing the forest ecosystem leaf-area index error(LAIe)helps accurately estimate the growth and light energy utilization of aboveground *** light transmission in forest ecosystems can effectively determine *** LAI-2200 plant canopy analyzer(PCA)is used extensively for rapid field-effective LAI(LAIe)measurements and primarily to measure forest canopy LAIe ***,sometimes this parameter must also be measured in forests with small *** this study,we used the LAI-2200 PCA to obtain one A-value and four B-values each for the canopy,herbaceous layer,and forest ecosystem *** measurements showed that the three LAIe types were obviously *** certain quadrats,the average herbaceous layer(Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh.)LAIe apparently exceeded that of the pinus massoniana forest *** sources of this error were measuring and recording A-value readings for small canopies and underestimating the ecosystem *** obtained similar coefficients of determination for both the pre-recomputation and post-recomputation of the canopy and forest ecosystem LAIe(R^2C 0.96 and R^2C 0.99,respectively);thus,the error was *** field LAIe with the LAI-2200 PCA and recomputation should compensate for LAIe underestimation in complex forest ecosystems.

关键词： LAI-2200 PCA Field LAIe measurement error Error reduction pinus massoniana forest

Response of needle dark respiration of pinus koraiensis and pinus sylvestriformis to elevated CO_2 concentra-tions for four growing seasons’ exposure

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第4期50卷 613-619页

作者： ZHOU YuMei1, HAN ShiJie1, ZHANG HaiSen1, XIN LiHua2 & ZHENG JunQiang1 1 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China 2 Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China 1. Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China 2. Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110161 China

The long-term effect of elevated CO2 concentrations on needle dark respiration of two coniferous spe- cies—pinus koraiensis and pinus sylvestriformis on the Changbai Mountain was investigated using open-top chambers. P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis were exposed to 700, 500 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and ambient CO2 (approx. 350 μmol·mol-1) for four growing seasons. Needle dark respiration was meas- ured during the second, third and fourth growing seasons’ exposure to elevated CO2. The results showed that needle dark respiration rate increased for P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis grown at elevated CO2 concentrations during the second growing season, could be attributed to the change of carbohydrate and/or nitrogen content of needles. Needle dark respiration of P. koraiensis was stimu- lated and that of P. sylvestriformis was inhibited by elevated CO2 concentrations during the third growing season. Different response of the two tree species to elevated CO2 mainly resulted from the difference in the growth rate. Elevated CO2 concentrations inhibited needle dark respiration of both P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis during the fourth growing season. There was consistent trend be- tween the short-term effect and the long-term effect of elevated CO2 on needle dark respiration in P. sylvestriformis during the third growing season by changing measurement CO2 concentrations. How- ever, the short-term effect was different from the long-term effect for P. koraiensis. Response of dark respiration of P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis to elevated CO2 concentrations was related to the treatment time of CO2 and the stage of growth and development of plant. The change of dark respiration for the two tree species was determined by the direct effect of CO2 and long-term acclimation. The prediction of the long-term response of needle dark respiration to elevated CO2 concentration based on the short-term response is in dispute.

关键词： elevated CO2 concentration long-term short-term dark respiration pinus koraiensis pinus sylvestriformis

Study on the physiological indices of pinus sibirica and pinus koraiensis seedlings under cold stress

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1255-1265页

作者： Fang Wang Deyang Liang Xiaona Pei Qinhui Zhang Peng Zhang Jianqiu Zhang Zhimin Lu Yuchun Yang Guifeng Liu Xiyang Zhao State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People's Republic of China Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences Changchun 136000People's Republic of China

Although pinus sibirica and pinus koraiensis are resistant to cold or low temperatures in the cold temperate regions of the northern hemisphere,the former has a stronger cold *** has been limited to the comparison of physiological responses of the two species to cold *** this study,5-year-old seedlings of *** and *** were subjected to six temperature treatments,[20℃(control),0℃,-20℃,-40℃,-60℃,and-80℃],under different stress periods(6,12,24,and 48 h).The results showed that differences in each physiological index were significant between *** and ***,except for the permeability of cell membranes,reactive oxygen species,proline and soluble *** ANOVA test indicated that there were extreme differences among the temperatures for each index,stress time and temperature 9 time for most *** indices showed a similar trend for *** and *** with decreasing temperature or the extension of stress *** sugars and proline increased at 0 to-20℃and then remained unchanged with temperature *** indices showed an increase from 20 to-20℃,stable from-20 to-40℃and a decrease from-40 to-80℃.All the indices increased and then declined along with the prolonged cold stress time,except for the *** 0 to-40℃,the permeability of cell membranes,relative conductivity,reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde of *** seedlings were higher than in ***,but superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase activity and soluble sugars,proline,and soluble proteins content emerged as *** study compared the physiological mechanism responses to cold stress between *** and *** to provide the basis for the introduction,distribution,and genetic improvement of these coniferous species.

关键词： pinus sibirica P koraiensis Cold stress Membrane system Antioxidant enzymes

Effects of an ectomycorrhizal fungus on the growth and physiology of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings subjected to saline-alkali stress

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第3期31卷 781-788页

作者： Dachuan Yin Saiyaremu Halifu Ruiqing Song Jinyu Qi Xun Deng Jifeng Deng College of Forestry Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866People’s Republic of China College of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China Forestry Protection Institute of Heilongjiang Forestry Academy Harbin 150040People’s Republic of China

This research investigates the mechanism of increased salinity tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungiinoculated P. sylvestris var. mongolica to provide a theoretical basis for the application of the fungus in saline *** effects due to inoculation of seedlings with Suillus luteus(a symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus), were determined in four kinds of saline–alkali soils. Growth and physiological indicators, including photosynthetic characteristics, plant height, biomass, photosynthetic pigments,catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) enzyme levels, and malondialdehyde(MDA), an organic marker for oxidative stress, and soluble protein levels were determined. Mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with increasing saline–alkalinity and growth of inoculated seedlings was significantly enhanced. Biomass and chlorophyll contents also increased significantly. SOD and CAT activities were higher than in non-inoculated seedlings. However, MDA content decreased in inoculatedseedlings. Soluble protein content did not increase significantly. Inoculation with a symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus could enhance the saline–alkali tolerance of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. Growth and physiological performance of inoculated seedlings were significantly better than that of uninoculated seedlings. The results indicate that inoculated P. sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings may be useful in the improvement of saline–alkali lands.

关键词： Ectomycorrhizal fungi Saline–alkali stress pinus sylvestris var mongolica Physiological and biochemical mechanisms