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Influences of phosphate nutritional level on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium and lead in soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第6期18卷 1247-1253页

作者： CHEN Su SUN Tie-heng SUN Li-na ZHOU Qi-xing CHAO Lei Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Key Laboratory of Environment Engineering of Shenyang University Shenyang 100041 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

A pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of phosphate levels on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb） in soil. Spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） was selected as the tested plant. There were 5 phosphate fertilizer（Ca（H2PO4）2） levels including 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg P2O5/kg soil, marked by P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively. CdCl2·2.5H2o and Pb（NO3）2 were added to soil as the following levels： Cd ＋ Pb = 25＋0, 0＋1000, and 25＋1000 mg/kg, marked by T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The results showed that the P fertilizer promoted the dry weight of wheat in all treatments and alleviated the contamination induced by Cd and Pb. With increasing levels of the additional P fertilizer, Cd concentration in different parts （root, haulm, chaffand grain） of wheat decreased at the P1 level at first and then increased. The soluble plus exchangeable （SE） fraction of Cd in soil decreased at the P1 level and then increased from P2 to P4 levels. The moderate P fertilizer reduced the phytoavailability of Cd. The application of P could obviously restrain the uptake of Pb by wheat and there were significantly negative correlations between the levels of P and the uptake of Pb. Phosphorus supply resulted in a decrease in the SE fraction of Pb and there was a significantly negative correlation between the levels of P and the SE fraction of Pb in soil. All the levels of the P fertilizer in this experiment could reduce the phytoavailability of Pb. Thus, it is feasible to apply the P fertilizer （Ca（H2PO4）2） to Pb contaminated soils. However, the levels of P application should be restricted in case that redundant P may increase the phytoavailability of Cd.

关键词： phosphate phytoavailability speciation distribution cadmium lead

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Potato absorption and phytoavailability of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in sierozem soils amended with municipal sludge compost

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第4期10卷 638-652页

作者： LIU Zheng NAN Zhongren ZHAO Chuanyan YANG Yang College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems Lanzhou University

Effects of sludge utilization on the mobility and phytoavailability of heavy metals in soil-plant systems have attracted broad attention in recent years. In this study, we analyzed the effects of municipal sludge compost （MSC） on the solubility and pIant uptake of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in a soil-potato system to explore the mobility, potato plant uptake and enrichment of these five heavy metals in sierozem soils amended with MSC through a potato cultivation trial in Lanzhou University of China in 2014. Ridge regression analysis was conducted to investigate the phytoavailability of heavy metals in amended soils. Furthermore, CaC12, CH3COONH4, CH3COOH, diethylene triamine pentacetic acid （DTPA） and ethylene diamJne tetraacetic acid （EDTA） were used to extract the labile fraction of heavy metals from the amended soils. The results show that the MSC could not only improve the fertility but also increase the dissolved organic carbon （DOC） content of sierozem soils. The total concentrations and labile fraction proportions of heavy metals increase with increasing MSC percentage in sierozem soils. In amended soils, Cd has the highest solubility and mobility while Ni has the lowest solubility and mobility among the five heavy metals. The MSC increases the concentrations of heavy metals in the root, stem, peel and tuber of the potato plant, with the concentrations being much higher in the stem and root than in the peel and tuber. Among the five heavy metals, the bioconcentration factor value of Cd is the highest, while that of Ni is the lowest. The complexing agent （DTPA and EDTA） extractable fractions of heavy metals are the highest in terms of phytoavailability. Soil properties （including organic matter, pH and DOC） have important impacts on the phytoavailability of heavy metals. Our results suggest that in soil-potato systems, although the MSC may improve soil fertility, it can also increase the risk of soils exposed to heavy metals.

关键词： municipal sludge compost amended soils heavy metals mobility ridge regression phytoavailability

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Bioavailability of Arsenic and Antimony in Terrestrial Ecosystems:A Review

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Pedosphere 2019年第6期29卷 681-720页

作者： Saeed BAGHERIFAM Trevor CBROWN Christopher MFELLOWS Ravi NAIDU Chemistry-School of Science and Technology University of New EnglandArmidale NSW 2351(Australia Global Centre for Environmental Remediation Faculty of Science and Inform ation TechnologyUniversity o f NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan N S W 2308(Australia

Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are metalloids that belong to group 15 of the periodic table and exhibit toxic properties in the environment. They mostly occur naturally at low concentrations in soil, although these can be significantly elevated in both aquatic and terrestrial food chains as a result of dispersion from anthropogenic sources, e.g ., mining activities. The bioavailability, i.e., the proportion of the contaminant in soil and dust that is available for uptake by plants and other living organisms, presents the greatest risk to terrestrial ecosystems. Various in vivo and in vitro methods have been used to measure As and Sb bioaccessibility in soil and dust. In vivo measurement of bioavailability can be time consuming, expensive, and unethical;thus, in vitro methods are commonly preferred. However, there is considerable uncertainty around the efficacy of in vitro tools used to measure the bioavailable fractions of As and Sb. The results of these methods are dependent on many variables, e.g., soil characteristics, contaminant sources, and chemical composition of in vitro methods. Therefore, substantial variations are observed between in vitro and in vivo results obtained from different test animals and endpoints. In this paper, we review the literature on As and Sb bioavailability in terrestrial ecosystems and current in vivo and in vitro techniques used for assessing bioavailability and bioaccessibility of metalloids. This would reveal research gaps and allow scientists and environmental policy makers to gain a deeper understanding of the potential risks associated with these metalloids in the environment.

关键词： Bioaccessibility Bioavailable fraction Contamination Environmental risk assessment Metalloids phytoavailability Relative bioavailability Soil characteristics Toxicant

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Assessment of phytoavailability in the Cherry Tomato Plants Exposed to Lead and Chromium in a Nutrient Solution

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第9期5卷 176-188页

作者： Loubna Azariz Souad Elblidi Ahmed Yahyaoui Mohamed Fekhaoui Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University in Rabat Rabat Morocco Pollution Unit Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology Scientific Institute Mohammed V University in Rabat Rabat Morocco

The phytoavailability of lead and chromium in cherry tomatoes Lycopersicon esculentum was studied both at the level of different parts of the plant (roots, stem, leaves and fruits) and at the level of its concentration in water and cultivation soil of. Two experiments are thence carried out by planting in bioponics, in a patented BIOTOP device, plants which are exposed via their root system to concentrations of 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm of each contaminant (lead or chromium) in a nutrient solution. The results show that lead accumulates mainly in the roots with a significant amount as to allow its translocation into the stem and leaves, while only a small amount reaches the fruit. The results also show that when the concentration increases the lead content in the roots also increases, but decreases in the fruits with three floral bouquets. Conversely, the chromium substance decreases in the roots and increases in the fruit. Based on these results, we note that the average distribution of lead in the edible part of the plant is much higher than that of chromium, and also lead presence in the plant is higher compared to that of chromium.

关键词： Cherry Tomatoes Lead Chromium phytoavailability Bioponics

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phytoavailability of Copper,Zinc and Cadmium in Biosolid-amended Calcareous Soils in Pot and Field Experiment

Phytoavailability of Copper,Zinc and Cadmium in Biosolid-ame...

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中国地理学会百年庆典

作者：李琼首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院

＜正＞The pot and field experiments were carried out to investigate the phytoavailability of trace elements in soils amended with biosolids.The results from pot experiments showed that the phytoavailability of Zn and Cu in biosolids for tomato and maize was lower than corresponding water-soluble metal from salts,and equivalent from 54.8%to 80.9%of the phytoavailability from water-soluble metal salts.The results from field experiments indicated that the rate of Zn,Cu and Cd accumulation in soils increased with increased application of biosolids:the metal concentrations in soils could exceed maximum allowable concentrations with heavy or repeated applications.There was a significant linear relationship between the concentrations of Zn in crop grains and the biosolid application rates in soils. The values of bioconcentration factor for Cu,Zn,and Cd in biosolid amended soils were found to be 0.546,0.297 and 0.204 for wheat grains and 0.357,0.0876 and 0.036 for maize grains,respectively.Also the values bioconcentration factor for wheat and maize grain were: Zn＞Cu＞Cd,while for wheat and maize straw were:Cd＞Cu＞Zn.The results suggested that wheat and maize did not bioaccumulate heavy metals from biosolid-amended soils in their aerial parts.From the results,it was estimated that about 220 t/ha biosolids （366.3 kg zinc,52.4 kg copper and 0.33 kg cadimum in biosolids） could be applied in order to ensure the metals in grains below the maximum permitted concentration.

关键词： biosolids soil phytoavailability trace elements（heavy metal） bioconcentration factor uptake rate grain straw zinc copper cadmium

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