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Physical layer security for UAV Communications:A Comprehensive Survey

China Communications 2022年第9期19卷 77-115页

作者： Jue Wang Xuanxuan Wang Ruifeng Gao Chengleyang Lei Wei Feng Ning Ge Shi Jin Tony Q.S.Quek School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226109China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology Beijing 100041China School of Transportation and Civil Engineering Nantong UniversityNantong 226109China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Nantong Research Institute for Advanced Communication Technologies Nantong 226109China

Due to its high mobility and flexible deployment,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)is drawing unprecedented interest in both military and civil applications to enable agile and ubiquitous connectivity.Mainly operating in an open environment,UAV communications benefit from dominant line-of-sight links;however,this on the other hand renders the communications more vulnerable to malicious attacks.Recently,Physical layer security(PLS)has been introduced to UAV systems as an important complement to the conventional cryptography-based approaches.In this paper,a comprehensive survey on the current achievements of UAV-PLS is conducted.We first introduce the basic concepts including typical static/-mobile UAV deployment scenarios,the unique air-toground channel and aerial nodes distribution models,as well as various roles that a UAV may act when PLS is concerned.Then,we start by reviewing the secrecy performance analysis and enhancing techniques for statically deployed UAV systems,and extend the discussion to the more general scenario where the UAVs’mobility is further exploited.For both cases,respectively,we summarize the commonly adopted methodologies,then describe important works in the litera ture in detail.Finally,potential research directions and challenges are discussed to provide an outlook for future works in the area of UAV-PLS.

关键词： Physical layer security UAV communications static/mobile UAV deployment air-to-ground channel trajectory optimization

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A Physical layer security scheme for full-duplex communication systems with residual self-interference and non-eavesdropping CSI

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Digital Communications and Networks 2021年第3期7卷 352-361页

作者： Weijia Lei Yang Zhou Xiuzhen Lin School of Communication and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing400065China

We discuss the Physical layer security scheme in the Full-Duplex(FD)MIMO point-to-point two-way communication system with residual self-interference,in which legitimate nodes send confidential information and null space Artificial Noise(AN)while receiving information.Because the Channel State Information(CSI)of the eavesdropper is unavailable,we optimize the covariance matrices of the information signal as well as the allocation of the antenna for transmitting and receiving to minimize the signal power consumption under the target rate constraint.As a result,the power of AN is maximized within the limit of total power,so the interception capability of the eavesdropper is suppressed as much as possible.Since self-interference cannot be completely eliminated,the optimization process of one legitimate node depends on the optimization result of the other.By substituting self-interference power in the secrecy rate formula with its average value,the joint optimization process at the two nodes is transformed into two separate and solvable optimization processes.Then,the Water-Filling Algorithm(WFA)and bisection algorithm are used to get the optimal covariance matrices of the signal.Furthermore,we derive the theoretical lower bound of ergodic achievable secrecy rate under rayleigh channels to evaluate the performance of the scheme.The simulation results show that the theoretical derivation is correct,and the actual achievable rate is very close to the target rate,which means that the approximation in the optimization is feasible.The results also show that secrecy transmission can be realized because a considerable secrecy rate can be achieved.

关键词： Physical layer security Full-duplex Self-interference Eavesdropping CSI Multi-antenna

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Physical layer security enhanced system with under-sampling spectrum-sparse signals

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2019年第4期26卷 8-16页

作者： Li Lintao Liu Yuanan School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

The ubiquity of wireless communication systems has resulted in extensive concern regarding their security issues.A practical secure transmission scheme based on under-sampling spectrum-sparse signals is designed.Secure transmission is initialized as the intended receiver transmits a pilot signal for the transmitter,to perform channel sounding and clock synchronization according to the channel reciprocal principle.Then,sampling clock offset compensation and precoding method based on channel state information(CSI)can be conducted at the transmitter's end.Because the intended receiver adopts an under-sampling method based on active aliasing which depends very sensitively on accurate sampling clock and CSI,the eavesdroppers can hardly intercept the signal.Closed form expression of symbol error rate(SER)at the intended receiver's end and secrecy capacity in fading wiretap channel has been derived.Numerical evaluation and simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Physical layer security spectrum-sparse signal secrecy capacity

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Cooperative Jamming for Physical layer security in Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks

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China Communications 2019年第12期16卷 154-164页

作者： Su Yan Xinyi Wang Zongling Li Bin Li Zesong Fei School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing 100094China

To integrate the satellite communications with the LTE/5G services, the concept of Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks(HSTRNs) has been proposed. In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission in a HSTRN where the eavesdropper can wiretap the transmitted messages from both the satellite and the intermediate relays. To effectively protect the message from wiretapping in these two phases, we consider cooperative jamming by the relays, where the jamming signals are optimized to maximize the secrecy rate under the total power constraint of relays. In the first phase, the Maximal Ratio Transmission(MRT) scheme is used to maximize the secrecy rate, while in the second phase, by interpolating between the sub-optimal MRT scheme and the null-space projection scheme, the optimal scheme can be obtained via an efficient one-dimensional searching method. Simulation results show that when the number of cooperative relays is small, the performance of the optimal scheme significantly outperforms that of MRT and null-space projection scheme. When the number of relays increases, the performance of the null-space projection approaches that of the optimal one.

关键词： hybrid satellite terrestrial relay networks Physical layer security cooperative jamming

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Physical layer security in multi-antenna cognitive heterogeneous cellular networks: a unified secrecy performance analysis

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第2期61卷 149-163页

作者： Xiaohui QI Kaizhi HUANG Bin LI Liang JIN Xinsheng JI National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology

Cognitive heterogeneous cellular networks(CHCNs) are emerging as a promising approach to next-generation wireless communications owing to their seamless coverage and high network throughput.In this paper, we describe our reliance on multi-antenna technology and a secrecy transmission protocol to ensure the reliability and security of downlink underlay CHCNs. First, we introduce a two-tier CHCN model using a stochastic geometry framework, and derive the probability distribution of the indicator function for a secrecy transmission scheme. We then investigate the connection outage probability, secrecy outage probability(SOP), and transmission SOP of both primary and cognitive users under a secrecy guard scheme and a threshold-based scheme. Furthermore, we reveal some insights into the secrecy performance by properly setting the predetermined access threshold and the radius of detection region for the secrecy transmission scheme. Finally, simulation results are provided to show the influence of the antenna system, eavesdropper density, predetermined access threshold, and radius of the detection region on the reliability and security performance of a CHCN.

关键词： cognitive heterogeneous cellular network Physical layer security secrecy guard scheme threshold-based scheme multi-antenna technique

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A Novel Cooperative Physical layer security Scheme for Satellite Downlinks

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第4期27卷 860-865页

作者： LIU Jun WANG Jingjing LIU Weixin WANG Qunyang WANG Mengyuan College of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University Satellite Information Engineering Research Institute of Beijing

A Physical layer security scheme based on cooperative relays is proposed to address the problem of eavesdropping in satellite downlink which is induced by the broadcasting nature of the shared communication medium and the long distance of the satellite-ground transmissions.By evaluating the outage probability, the relay nodes participating in cooperative communication can be divided into a cooperative forwarding group and a cooperative jamming group. The cooperative jamming group and the cooperative forwarding groups construct a cascaded channel which combined with the random weighting technique improves the quality of transmission on the main channel.The cooperative jamming group uses the main channel null space to transmit artificial noise which does not affect the quality of the main channel, but reduces the eavesdropping channel quality. Simulation results show that the proposed anti-eavesdropping scheme can maximize the quality difference between the main channel and the eavesdropping channels, which thereby may significantly improve the security capacity of satellite downlink systems.

关键词： Satellite communication Physical layer security Cooperative relay system Artificial noise

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Deep Learning Based Physical layer security of D2D Underlay Cellular Network

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China Communications 2020年第2期17卷 93-106页

作者： Lixin Li Youbing Hu Huisheng Zhang Wei Liang Ang Gao School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University

In order to improve the Physical layer security of the device-to-device(D2D)cellular network,we propose a collaborative scheme for the transmit antenna selection and the optimal D2D pair establishment based on deep learning.Due to the mobility of users,using the current channel state information to select a transmit antenna or establish a D2D pair for the next time slot cannot ensure secure communication.Therefore,in this paper,we utilize the Echo State Network(ESN)to select the transmit antenna and the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)to establish the D2D pair.The simulation results show that the LSTMbased and ESN-based collaboration scheme can effectively improve the security capacity of the cellular network with D2D and increase the life of the base station.

关键词： D2D underlay cellular network Physical layer security deep learning transmit antenna selection

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Cooperative beamforming design for physical-layer security of multi-hop MIMO communications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第6期59卷 153-166页

作者： Shiqi GONG Chengwen XING Zesong FEI Jingming KUANG School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology

The security issue is critically important for wireless communications, especially for multi-hop communications. In this paper, we propose a cooperative secrecy beamforming scheme for a multi-hop MIMO communication network, in which there is a single-antenna source, multiple multi-antenna relays and a singleantenna destination. Moreover, two types of eavesdroppers exist in the network, one of which has known channel state information(CSI), while the other not. To achieve security communications, in our work null-space beamforming and artificial noise beamforming are jointly optimized to improve the secrecy rate of the multi-hop network. In nature, the joint optimization is nonconvex and challenging. Exploiting its structure, the considered optimization problem is decoupled into a series of subproblems that can be efficiently solved based on convex optimization theory. Finally, some numerical experiment results are provided to assess the performance of the proposed secrecy beamforming design.

关键词： MIMO Physical layer security multi-hop network null-space beamforming artificial noise

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Physical layer security via maximal ratio combining and relay selection over Rayleigh fading channels

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第6期59卷 167-176页

作者： Bin ZHONG Minggang WU Tong LI Zhongshan ZHANG School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Beijing Engineering and Technology Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services University of Science and Technology Beijing

In this paper, the impact of both maximal ratio combining(MRC) and relay selection on the Physical layer security in wireless communication systems is investigated by analyzing critical issues such as the probability characteristics of the legitimate receiver(Bob) and malicious eavesdropper(Eve)’s end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), the secrecy outage probability and the average secrecy channel capacity over Rayleigh fading Channel, etc. Unlike the conventional Physical layer security schemes, we assume that Bob receives its data from both the relay and the source via cooperative relay, provided that MRC is employed at the receiver.Particularly, compared to the conventional MRC methods, the proposed method is capable of achieving a higher spatial diversity order by performing relay selection, as validated by performing the theoretical analysis as well as numerical simulation. Furthermore, the closed-form expressions in terms of secrecy outage probability and average secrecy capacity are all consistent with the numerical results. Finally, the proposed scheme may be substantially affected by a number of parameters such as the number of relays, the SNR of links and the ratio of main-to-eavesdropper ratio(MER) λME.

关键词： average secrecy capacity cooperative communication maximal ratio combining outage probability Physical layer security

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Physical layer security strategies for downlink heterogeneous cloud radio access networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2014年第5期21卷 47-54,60页

作者： YAN Shi WANG Wen-bo Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Cloud radio access networks （C-RANs） were proposed as promising solutions to increase both spectrum and energy efficiency performance in next generation wireless communication systems. Much works discussed the concrete implementation technology to justify the huge development potential of C-RAN. However, only a few litterateurs focused on characterizing the Physical layer security in the downlink. The authors studied the Physical layer security in downlink heterogeneous C-RAN systems in the article. To characterize the random deployment of remote radio units （RRUs） with single antenna configuration, the stochastic geometry is based to evaluate the proposals＇ secrecy transmission capacity performances, where the closed-form expressions are derived. Furthermore, two security strategies based on eavesdropper neutralization region to protect the target RRU user against eavesdropping were presented and analyzed. Simulation illustrates the secrecy transmission capacity performance limits on different system parameters. The presented security strategies show a significant enhancement on the secrecy performance.

关键词： C-RAN Poisson point process （PPP） Physical layer security heterogeneous

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