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Fundamental Characteristics of Tropical Rain Cell Structures as Measured by TRMM PR

Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第6期34卷 1129-1150页

作者： Yunfei FU Yilun CHEN Xiangdong ZHANG Yu WANG Rui LI Qi LIU Lei ZHONG Qiong ZHANG Aoqi ZHANG School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China International Arctic Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAK 99775USA Department of physical Geography and Bolin Center for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden

Rain cells are the most elementary unit of precipitation system in *** this study,fundamental geometric and physical characteristics of rain cells over tropical land and ocean areas are investigated by using 15-yr measurements of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)Precipitation Radar(PR).The rain cells are identified with a minimum bounding rectangle(MBR)*** results indicate that about 50%of rain cells occur at length of about 20 km and width of 15 *** proportion of rain cells with length>200 km and width>100 km is less than1%.There is a a log-linear relationship between the mean length and width of rain ***,for the same horizontal geometric parameters,rain cells tend to be square horizontally and lanky vertically over land,while vertically squatty over *** rainfall intensity of rain cells varies from 0.4 to 10 mm h-1 over land to 0.4–8 mm h-1 over *** results indicate that the occurrence frequency of rain cells decreases as the areal fraction of convective precipitation in rain cells increases,while such frequency remains almost invariant when the areal fraction of stratiform precipitation varies from 10%to 80%.The relationship between physical and geometric parameters of rain cells shows that the mean rain rate of rain cells is more frequently associated with the increase of their area,with the increasing rate over land greater than that over *** results also illustrate that heavy convective rain rate prefers to occur in larger rain cells over land while heavy stratiform rain rate tends to appear in larger rain cells over *** the same size of rain cells,the areal fraction and the contribution of convective precipitation are about10%–15%higher over land than over ocean.

关键词： rain cell occurrence frequency geometric parameters physical parameters Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)Precipitation Radar(PR)

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Characterization of Oils Produced from Jatropha Curcas, Peanut and White Sesame in Burkina Faso for Possible Enable Synthesis of Biofuels

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2022年第5期10卷 39-53页

作者： Momath Ndiaye Madialène Sene Goumbo Ndiaye Mamadou Salif Mané Hydraulics Rural Engineering Machinery and Renewable Energies Training and Research Unit University of Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima NIASS Kaolack Senegal Sen’eau Dakar Senegal Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The indispensable role of energy in the correct functioning of economies and the current depletion of fossil fuels which are not renewable, have made the search for alternative energy sources a major point of reflection worldwide. Vegetable oils are increasingly being considered as a possible replacement for fossil fuels in countries of the south and North. In order to vulgarize the use of vegetable oil as fuel, it is essential that analytical protocols and standards are elaborated to assure the quality of oils as fuels. This work aims at developing protocols for the characterization of oilseeds and their resultant oils in a bid to ensure their quality for direct use as Biofuels or better still to serve as raw material in producing Biofuels. These protocols have the advantage of being reproducible, fast, and simple to implement compared to those used in Europe to characterize the oils (very complex and expensive, applied to petroleum products). Cotton, Jatropha curcas, white sesame, and peanut grains were acquired from the Zogona local market, Ouagadougou, and oil extraction was done at the village level. The resultant oils were characterized. Their physicochemical parameters (water content, oil content, acid index, the calorific value, density, and viscosity....) were evaluated at the Biomass Energy and Biofuels Laboratory (LBEB) of the International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE) and the Burkinabé National Hydrocarbons Authority (SONABHY) Laboratory. The oilseed grain cakes (moisture, ash rate, rate of volatile matter, and oil content...) were also analysed.

关键词： Biomass Oleaginous physical parameters Chemical parameters Biofuel Vegetable Oils

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physical Characteristics and the Effect of Boiling and Fermentation on the Nutritional Value of <i>Telfairia occidentalis</i>Seeds

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2021年第4期10卷 389-401页

作者： Mercy Bih Loh Achu Ruth Viviane Djuikwo Stéphane Ghomsi Tamo Christiane Laure Maptouom Fotso Michelle Carole Djouhou Fowe Elie Fokou Laboratory for Food Science and Metabolism Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

This work evaluates some physical parameters (the weight, length, diameter of fruits and seeds, number of seeds per fruit) and the effect of boiling and fermentation on the nutritional value of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) seeds. Firstly, a survey was done in the city of Yaounde on the different treatments applied to the seeds before cooking. From the results of the survey, the seeds were divided into three groups: raw, boiled and fermented. The moisture, lipid, protein, fibre, carbohydrate and ash contents were analysed using AOAC methods and minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that T. occidentalis fruit averagely weighed 6.35 kg and contained about 90 seeds. The decorticated seeds had an ovoid shape, 3.70 cm long and weighed 8.91 g. Boiling led to an increase in lipid (16.29% - 31.44%) and carbohydrate (19.20% - 21.8%) but a decrease in protein (54.06% - 34.17%) contents. Fermentation increased the crude fibre (0.70% - 1.1%) but decreased the ash content (4.07% - 3.14% DM). Boiled seeds had higher calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, while fermented seeds had higher zinc levels. Boiling proved better in preserving most of the seed nutrients. These seeds could be used to prevent some mineral deficiencies and their high proteins suggest their potential for the formulation of infant foods.

关键词： physical parameters Nutritional Composition Boiling Fermentation Telfairia occidentalis Seeds

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Review of Groundwater Potentials and Groundwater Hydrochemistry of Semi-arid Hadejia-Yobe Basin,North-eastern Nigeria

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Journal of Geological Research 2020年第2期2卷 20-33页

作者： Saadu Umar Wali Ibrahim Mustapha Dankani Sheikh Danjuma Abubakar MurtalaAbubakar Gada Abdulqadir Abubakar Usman Ibrahim Mohammad Shera KabiruJega Umar Department of Geography Federal University Birnin kebbiP.M.B 1157.Kebbi StateNigeria Department of Geography Usmanu Danfodiyo University SokotoP.M.B.2346.Sokoto StateNigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Federal University Birnin kebbiP.M.B 1157.Kebbi StateNigeria

Understanding the hydrochemical and hydrogeological physiognomies of subsurface water in a semi-arid region is important for the effective management of water *** paper presents a thorough review of the hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the Hadejia-Yobe *** hydrochemical and hydrogeological configurations as reviewed indicated that the Chad Formation is the prolific aquifer in the *** piercing the Gundumi formation have a depth ranging from 20-85 *** hydrochemical composition of groundwater revealed water of excellent quality,as all the studied parameters were found to have concentrations within WHO and Nigeria’s standard for drinking water ***,further studies are required for further evaluation of water quality index,heavy metal pollution index,and irrigation water ***,geochemical,and stable isotope analysis is required for understanding the provenance of salinity and hydrogeochemical controls on groundwater in the basin.

关键词： Hydrogeology Sedimentary aquifers Basement complex terrain physical parameters Chemical parameters

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