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physical modeling of Fold-and-Thrust Belt Evolution and Triangle Zone Development:Dabashan Foreland Belt(Northeast Sichuan basin,China) as an Example

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第1期87卷 59-72页

作者： WANG Ruirui ZHANG Yueqiao XIE Guoai State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University

Triangle zones, generally found in foreland fold-and-thrust belts, serve as favorable objects of petroleum exploration. Taking the Dabashan foreland belt as an example, we studied the formation and development of triangle zones, and investigated the effect of d^collements and the mechanical contrast of lithology by employing the method of physical modeling. Four experimental models were conducted in the work. The results showed that ＇sand wedges＇ grew episodically, recorded by deformational length, height and slope angle. The height versus shortening rate presented an S-shape curve, and uplifting occurred successively in the direction of the foreland belt. During the formation of the triangle zone, layer-parallel shortening took place at the outset; deformation decoupling then occurred between the upper and lower brittle layers, divided by a middle-embedded silicone polymers layer. The upper brittle layers deformed mainly by folding, while the lower sand layers by thrusting. As shortening continued, the geometry of a triangle zone was altered. We consider that the triangle zone in the Dabashan foreland belt was modified from an early one based on available seismic profiles and the experimental results. In addition, dccollements and mechanical contrast impose significant influence on structural development, which can directly give rise to structural discrepancies. More d^collements and obvious mechanical contrast between brittle layers can promote the coupling between the upper and lower brittle layers. Basal d^collement controls the whole deformation and decreases the slope angle of the wedge, while roof d^collement determines whether a triangle zone can be formed.

关键词： physical modeling Dabashan fold-and-thrust belt triangle zone decollement mechanicalcontrast of lithology

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physical modeling of behaviors of cast-in-place concrete piled raft compared to free-standing pile group in sand

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第4期10卷 703-716页

作者： Mehdi Sharafkhah Issa Shooshpasha Faculty of Civil Engineering Babol Noshiravani University of Technology

Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level,the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pileesoileraft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.

关键词： Free-standing pile group Piled raft Pileesoileraft interaction physical modeling Cast-in-place concrete piles

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physical modeling of failure process of the excavation in horizontal strata based on IR thermography

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Mining Science and Technology 2009年第6期19卷 689-698页

作者： HE Man-chao GONG Wei-li LI De-jian ZHAI Hui-ming State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering Beijing 100083 China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining ＆ Technology Beijing 100083 China

In order to capture the mechanism of roadway instability in deep mines, a new approach of physically Finite Elemental Slab Assemblage (PFESA) is proposed in order to construct a large-scale physical model simulating the geologically horizontal strata. We carried out physical modeling on the deformation and failure processes of roadways subjected to a plane loading scheme. Our laboratory tests were based on work which incorporated infrared (IR) detection, IR radiation temperature (IRT) statistics, image feature extraction and 2D Fourier transformation, from resulting thermographies. The IRT characterizes the mechanical responses from the roadway after loading with two stages, i.e., IRT evolving at higher levels corresponded to shallow mining (≤500 m) during which the roadway deformed gradually (referred to as the "steady deformation stage"); IRT evolving in a quasi-cyclical manner with multiple peaks corresponded to deep mining (800–2600 m), in which the failure mode for the roadway are dominated by breakage and collapse (called the "unsteady deformation stage"). The IR images and 2D Fourier spectra illustrate detailed information in terms of initiation, nucleation and coalescence of the damage to rock masses and the eventual failure of roadways subject to external loading.

关键词： roadway stratified rock mass deep mining physical modeling IR thermography

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Two-phase air-water flows: Scale effects in physical modeling

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第2期26卷 291-298页

作者： PFISTER Michael CHANSON Hubert Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions (LCH) The University of Queensland School of Civil Engineering

physical modeling represents probably the oldest design tool in hydraulic engineering together with analytical approaches. In free surface flows, the similitude based upon a Froude similarity allows for a correct representation of the dominant forces, namely gravity and inertia. As a result fluid flow properties such as the capillary forces and the viscous forces might be incorrectly reproduced, affecting the air entrainment and transport capacity of a high-speed model flow. Small physical models operating under a Froude similitude systematically underestimate the air entrainment rate and air-water interfacial properties. To limit scale effects, minimal values of Reynolds or Weber number have to be respected. The present article summarizes the physical background of such limitations and their combination in terms of the Morton number. Based upon a literature review, the existing limits are presented and discussed, resulting in a series of more conservative recommendations in terms of air concentration scaling. For other air-water flow parameters, the selection of the criteria to assess scale effects is critical because some parameters （e.g., bubble sizes, turbulent scales） can be affected by scale effects, even in relatively large laboratory models.

关键词： air entrainment hydraulic structures physical modeling scale effects two-phase flow Morton number

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Characteristics of evolution of mining-induced stress field in the longwall panel:insights from physical modeling

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第5期8卷 938-955页

作者： Jinfu Lou Fuqiang Gao Jinghe Yang Yanfang Ren Jianzhong Li Xiaoqing Wang Lei Yang Coal Mining Research Institute China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100013China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization(China Coal Research Institute) Beijing 100013China

The evolution of mining-induced stress field in longwall panel is closely related to the fracture field and the breaking characteristics of *** laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate the stress *** study investigated its evolution by constructing a large-scale physical model according to the in situ conditions of the longwall *** analysis was used to reveal the mechanism of stress distribution in the *** modelling results showed that:(1)The major principal stress field is arch-shaped,and the strata overlying both the solid zones and gob constitute a series of coordinated load-bearing *** stress increasing zone is like a macro stress *** stress is especially concentrated on both shoulders of the arch-shaped *** stress concentration of the solid zone in front of the gob is higher than the rear solid zone.(2)The characteristics of the vertical stress field in different regions are significantly *** decreases in the zone above the gob and increases in solid zones on both sides of *** mechanical analysis show that for a given stratum,the trajectories of principal stress are arch-shaped or inverselyarched,referred to as the‘‘principal stress arch’’,irrespective of its initial breaking or periodic breaking,and determines the fracture *** is,the trajectories of tensile principal stress are inversely arched before the first breaking of the strata,and cause the breaking lines to resemble an inverted *** case of periodic breaking,the breaking line forms an obtuse angle with the advancing direction of the *** agreement was obtained between the results of physical modeling and the theoretical analysis.

关键词： Longwall mining Mining-induced stress field physical modeling Principal stress trajectory Strain brick

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Displacement field reconstruction in landslide physical modeling by using a terrain laser scanner e Part 2:Application and large strain/displacement and water effect analysis

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第10期16卷 4077-4087页

作者： Dongzi Liu Xingcheng Gong Hongping Wang Xinli Hu Wenbo Zheng Xinyu Liu Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhanHubei430074China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhanHubei430074China Faculty of Engineering University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeBCV2N 4Z9Canada

Deformation analysis is fundamental in geotechnical ***,there is still a lack of an effective method to obtain the deformation field under various experimental *** this study,we introduce a processebased physical modeling of a pileereinforced reservoir landslide and present an improved deformation analysis involving large strains and water *** collect multieperiod point clouds using a terrain laser scanner and reconstruct its deformation field through a point cloud processing *** results show that this method can accurately describe the landslide surface deformation at any time and area by both scalar and vector *** deformation fields in different profiles of the physical model and different stages of the evolutionary process provide adequate and detailed landslide *** analyze the large strain upstream of the pile caused by the pile installation and the consequent violent deformation during the evolutionary ***,our method effectively overcomes the challenges of identifying targets commonly encountered in geotechnical modeling where water effects are considered and targets are polluted,which facilitates the deformation analysis at the wading area in a reservoir ***,combining subsurface deformation as well as numerical modeling,we comprehensively analyze the kinematics and failure mechanisms of this complicated object involving landslides and pile foundations as well as water *** method is of great significance for any geotechnical modeling concerning large-strain analysis and water effects.

关键词： Laser scanner Landslides physical modeling Deformation field

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Kagome Project:physical and Numerical modeling Comparison for a Post-formed Elastic Gridshell

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2022年第4期16卷 200-226页

作者： Marc Leyral Quentin Chef Tom Bardout Romain Antigny Alexis Meyer AMP Research Unit&Laboratory MAP-MAACC ENSA Paris-La Villette144 Avenue de FlandreParis 75019France ENSA Paris-La Villette Paris 75019France École Centrale-Supélec Gif-sur-Yvette 91190France

An elastic gridshell is an efficient constructive typology for crossing large spans with little material.A flat elastic grid is built before buckling the structure into shape,in active and post-formed *** design and structural analysis of such a structure requires a stage of form finding that can mainly be done:(1)With a physical model:either by a suspended net method,or an active bending model;(2)With a numerical model performed by dynamic *** these solutions have various biases and assumptions that make them reflect more or less the *** three methods have been applied by Happold and Liddell[1]during the design of the Frei Otto’s Mannheim Gridshell which has allowed us to compare the results,and to highlight the significant differences between digital and physical *** on our own algorithm called ELASTICA[2],our study focuses on:(1)Comparing the results of the ELASTICA’s numerical models to load tests on physical models;(2)The identification of the various factors that can influence the results and explain the observed differences,some of which are then studied;(3)Applying the results to build a full-scale interlaced lattice elastic gridshell based on the Japanese Kagome pattern.

关键词： Interlaced lattice gridshell timber dynamic relaxation numerical modeling physical modeling form finding Kagome.

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Estimate physical parameters by black-box modeling

Estimate physical parameters by black-box modeling

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第二十一届中国控制会议

作者： Lennart Ljung Department of Electrical Engineering Linkping University581 83LinkpingSweden

＜正＞Estimating unaccessible physical parameters of a system with the information provided by the input-output data is of practical significance. This paper presents one such method based on the state-space model non-singular transformation equivalence. An algorithm is provided for solving the corresponding bilinear equations, with various modifications in special cases. Many practical issues are addressed.

关键词： system identification physical modeling state-space model bilinear equation least square estimation

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Three-Dimensional Volume Datafield Reconstruction from physical Model

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 1997年第3期12卷 217-230页

作者：董峰蔡文立陈天洲石教英 State Key Laboratory of CAD & CG Zhejiang University Hangzhou

This paper focuses on entirety ioterpretation, representation and reconstruction of three-dimensional volume data sets based on the physical model of the data. The data model is represented by thIee-dimensional geometric *** surfaces inside the datafield are extracted and matched to the model stirfaces in order to reconstruct the new datafield based on the model. A conclusion is drawn that physical modeling provides a good basis and approach to interpret and represellt the data sets. This paPer also presents a subdivision algorithm to fast traJce B-spline curve and the colltrary algorithm is adopted to extract the geometry feature of the curve.

关键词： Visualization physical modeling datafield reconstruction,surface extraction geometry feature matching

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Numerical analysis of synthetic granulate deposition in a physical model study

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第1期29卷 110-117页

作者： Gabriele HARB Stefan HAUN Joséf SCHNEIDER Nils Reidar B.OLSEN Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management Graz University of Technology Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering The Norwegian University of Science and Technology

The current study focuses on the application of a three-dimensional numerical model for the prediction of morphological bed *** sediment deposition in a reservoir during a 10-year-fiood was investigated and the results of the simulation were validated with data derived from a physical model *** of the small grain sizes in the prototype,synthetic granulate was used in the physical *** numerical computation domain was a reproduction of the physical model,including the grain sizes and the density of the particles,in order to ensure *** CFD code SSIIM,which solves the RANS-equations in three-dimensions,was used for the *** sediment transport in SSIIM is divided into suspended sediment transport,computed by solving the convection-diffusion equation,and bed-load transport,calculated by an empirical *** results of the numerical simulation correspond well to the results of the physical model *** simulated location and the pattern of the sediment deposition in the reservoir are an accurate representation of the observed distribution in the physical model.

关键词： physical modeling Numerical modeling RANS-equations Reservoir management Sediment

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