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Structural disruption of melanin-like polymers with boosted UV protection

Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1653-1663页

作者： Zhen Yang Xianheng Wang Wanjie Bai Zikun Zou Haoxing Wu Yiwen Li Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research CenterFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Manipulating the energy structure of materials represents an efficient way to regulate their light absorption behaviors. For example, constructing donor-acceptor(D-A) structures to increase the polarizability and reduce the energy bandgap of local molecules has been widely used in the field of organic photovoltaics with ordered structures. Remarkably, even in disordered and chaotic systems such as melanin-like polydopamine(PDA), visible and near-infrared light absorption can be significantly improved using this strategy. However, there has been a noticeable dearth of research on the ultraviolet(UV) light absorption regulation of bioinspired polymers with disordered and chaotic architectures by tailoring the D-A microstructures. In this study, a series of benzoheterocyclic molecules with strong electron-donating features screened by molecular simulation calculations were involved in disrupting the D-A structures within PDA. The destruction of D-A structures promoted the increase of the energy band gap and finally boosted the UV absorption of PDA. The resulting PDA nanoparticles with enhanced UV absorption were further employed to fabricate UV shielding composite films to protect the growth of plants from harmful UV radiation. This research may open up new avenues for structural disruption of bioinspired polymers for enhanced photoprotection applications.

关键词： melanin-like polymers polydopamine D-A structure UV absorption photoprotection

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photoprotection Knowledge and Photoprotective Behavior of University Students:A Cross-sectional Study in Indonesia

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2022年第3期5卷 140-148页

作者： Regina Stefani Roren Paulus Mario Christopher Nana Novia Jayadi Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of MedicinePelita Harapan UniversityBanten 15810Indonesia

Objective:Awareness regarding the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation are commonly neglected in Asian countries.This study sought to evaluate the ultraviolet radiation knowledge and photoprotective behaviors of university students in Indonesia.Methods:This observational cross-sectional was conducted at Pelita Harapan University,Indonesia.Results:A total of 89(45.4%)medical students and 107(54.6%)nonmedical students participated in this study.Their mean age was 21.03±2.03 years,and 46.4%of them had Fitzpatrick type III skin.Medical students as well as older students exhibited a higher level of knowledge regarding photoprotection(P≤0.05).Factors related to good photoprotective behaviors were sex,older age,and average expenditure on skincare.Further analysis revealed that a high level of knowledge regarding photoprotection was related to acceptable photoprotective behaviors(P=0.01;odds ratio=1.97;95%confidence interval=1.13-3.54).Conclusions:Knowledge regarding sun-related damage and practice of photoprotective behaviors were low among the participants.The results indicate that formal education and academic subjects should incorporate the topic of sun-related damage and promote the practice of photoprotective behaviors early on to increase awareness among populations.

关键词： sun exposure ultraviolet radiation photoprotection sunscreen knowledge behavior university students

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In Vivo Improvements in Facial Appearance and in Vitro Changes in Gene Expression Using a Topical Formulation Designed to Repair Environmentally Induced DNA Damage

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2024年第2期14卷 141-173页

作者： Amaryllis Aganahi Richard Parker Yohei Tanaka RATIONALE Kyneton Australia Clinica Tanaka Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Anti-aging Center Matsumoto Japan

Background: While sunscreen has been accepted as a mainline defence against photodamage from ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation, there appears to be a lack of research into photorepair. The concept of protecting the skin during the day and repairing cellular damage at night is intuitive, yet specific strategies revolving around combinations of proven reparative active ingredients remain unelucidated. Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a solar repair Formulation following ultraviolet and environmental exposure in order to improve overall skin health and appearance through three hypotheses: The Formulation increases expression of DNA repair mechanisms markers;The Formulation enhances overall skin appearance through reducing signs of inflammation, elevating hydration, reinforcing skin firmness and amplifying radiance;In-Vivo efficacy test results are aligned with measured gene expression changes. Methods: The Formulation (#6NIC1.V1.1-1) was tested for: In-vitro LDH cytotoxicity activity, In-vitro qPCR gene expression with and without ultraviolet exposure on a reconstructed 3-dimensional skin model, and In-Vivo efficacy study on a panel of 22 participants objectively and subjectively. Results: Skin radiance, firmness, hydration, redness, and inflammation are significantly improved after In-Vivo skin exposure to the Formulation and environmental challenges such as ultraviolet radiation. These outcomes were confirmed by in-vitro genetic testing on a reconstructed human skin model. Conclusion: The studies allowed us to identify and group results in four main skin functions that were significantly enhanced following the application of the Formulation: firmness, hydration, radiance and soothing.

关键词： photoprotection Photorepair DNA Repair Anti-Photoaging Gene Expression Antioxidant Rejuvenation

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Contribution of the Alternative Respiratory Pathway to PSII photoprotection in C3 and C4 Plants

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Molecular Plant 2017年第1期10卷 131-142页

作者： Zi-Shan Zhang Mei-Jun Liu Renate Scheibe Jennifer Selinski Li-Tao Zhang Cheng Yang Xiang-Long Meng Hui-Yuan Gao State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology ColLege of Life Sciences College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an-271018 China Department of Plant Physiology FB5 University of Osnabrueck 49069 Osnabrueck Germany National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 China Wheat Research Institute Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China These authors contributed equally te this article.

The mechanism by which the mitochondrial alternative oxidase （AOX） pathway contributes to photosystem II （PSII） photoprotection is in dispute. It was generally thought that the AOX pathway protects photosystems by dissipating excess reducing equivalents exported from chloroplasts through the malate/oxaloacetate （Mal/OAA） shuttle and thus preventing the over-reduction of chloroplasts. In this study, using the aoxla Arabidopsis mutant and nine other C3 and C4 plant species, we revealed an additional action model of the AOX pathway in PSII photoprotection. Although the AOX pathway contributes to PSII photoprotection in C3 leaves treated with high light, this contribution was observed to disappear when photorespiration was suppressed. Disruption or inhibition of the AOX pathway significantly decreased the photorespiration in C3 leaves. Moreover, the AOX pathway did not respond to high light and contributed little to PSII photoprotection in C4 leaves possessing a highly active Mal/OAA shuttle but with little photorespiration. These results demonstrate that the AOX pathway contributes to PSII photoprotection in C3 plants by maintaining photo- respiration to detoxify glycolate and via the indirect export of excess reducing equivalents from chloro-plasts by the MaI/OAA shuttle. This new action model explains why the AOX pathway does not contribute to PSII photoprotection in C4 plants.

关键词： alternative oxidase photoprotection photosystem II photorespiration C3 plant C4 plant

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Enhanced photoprotection by Protein-Bound vs Free Xanthophyll Pools： A Comparative Analysis of Chlorophyll b and Xanthophyll Biosynthesis Mutants

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Molecular Plant 2010年第3期3卷 576-593页

作者： Luca Dall'Osto Stefano Cazzaniga Michel Havaux Roberto Bassi Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Universita di Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy CEA IBEB SBVME Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moldculaire des Plantes 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance France CNRS UMR Biologie Vegetale et Microbiologie Environnementales 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance France Universite Aix-Marseille 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance France

When light absorbed by plants exceeds the capacity of photosynthesis, the xanthophyll violaxanthin is reversibly de-epoxidized to zeaxanthin in the so-called xanthophyll cycle. Zeaxanthin plays a key role in the protection of photosynthetic organisms against excess light, by promoting rapidly reversible （qE） and long-term （ql） quenching of excited chlorophylls, and preventing lipid oxidation. The photoprotective role of zeaxanthin, either free or bound to light-harvesting complexes （Lhcs）, has been investigated by using mutants lacking Chl b （chl） and/or specific xanthophyll species （npq, lut2）. The chl mutation causes （1） the absence of Lhcb proteins; （2） strong reduction of the feedback deexcitation （qE）; and （3） accumulation of xanthophylls as free pigments into thylakoids. Chl mutants showed extreme sensitivity to photo-oxidative stress in high light, due to higher singlet oxygen （102） release. The double mutant chlnpql was more sensitive to photo-oxidation than chl, showing that zeaxanthin does protect lipids even when free in the membrane. Nevertheless, lack of zeaxanthin had a much stronger impact on the level of lipid peroxidation in Lhcs-containing plants （WTvs npql） with respect to Lhc-less plants （chl vs chlnpql）, implying that its protective effect is enhanced by interaction with antenna proteins. It is proposed that the antioxidant capacity of zeaxanthin is empowered in the presence of PSII- LHCs-Zea complexes, while its effect on enhancement of qE only provides a minor contribution. Comparison of the sensitivity of WT vs npql plants to exogenous 102 suggests that besides the scavenging of 102, at least one additional mechanism is involved in chloroplast photoprotection.

关键词： Zeaxanthin singlet oxygen photoprotection chloroplast light-harvesting complexes.

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Up-Regulated Expression of SOD2 and HPRT1 Following Topical photoprotection and Photorepair Skincare Formulations in A 3-Dimensional Reconstructed Human Skin Model

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2023年第4期13卷 322-332页

作者： Yohei Tanaka Richard Parker Amaryllis Aganahi Clinica Tanaka Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Anti-Aging Center Matsumoto Nagano Japan RATIONALE Kyneton Victoria Australia

Photodamage continues to threaten human skin health despite worldwide sun awareness campaigns and the widespread use of sunscreens. To date, extensive research is lacking into the effects of sun avoidance and solar specific skincare regimens on gene expression changes and DNA repair activity. We have previously reported that photoprotection and photorepair formulations which minimize the harmful effects of ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation can provide photoprotection, anti-photoaging benefits and rejuvenating effects optically, clinically and genetically. To investigate gene expression changes, specifically antioxidant and DNA repair effects following the use of topical photoprotection and photorepair formulations (The Essential Six, RATIONALE, Victoria, Australia), we used epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts derived from a 3-dimensional reconstructed human skin model, and assessed upregulation of SOD2 and HPRT1. Gene expression was assessed via the Genemarkers Standard Skin Panel and quantitative real-time PCR exploration. Tissues were inoculated with solar specific topical formulations, then collected after 24 hours following application of photoprotection formulations and 16 hours following photorepair formulations. The quantitative real-time PCR revealed that, in comparison to the control, the genes encoding SOD2 and HPRT1 have been significantly up-regulated following usage of the photoprotection formulations, 1.86, and 1.41, respectively. SOD2 and HPRT1 were up-regulated following use of the photorepair formulations, 2.15, and 1.28, respectively. We were able to substantiate that the photo protection and photorepair formulations upregulated genes involved in antioxidant and DNA repair mechanisms in a 3-dimensional reconstructed human skin model, suggesting a promising anti-photoaging skin regimen. .

关键词： Antioxidant Anti-Photoageing DNA Repair Gene Expression photoprotection Photorepair

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The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

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Cell Research 2007年第5期17卷 458-470页

作者： Haili Dong1,2 Yan Deng1,2 Jinye Mu1 Qingtao Lu3 Yiqin Wang1 Yunyuan Xu3 Chengcai Chu1 Kang Chong3 Congming Lu3 Jianru Zuo11 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beoing 100101, China2 Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China3 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Carotenoids, a class of natural pigments found in all photosynthetic organisms, are involved in a variety of physiologi-cal processes, including coloration, photoprotection, biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and chloroplast biogenesis.Although carotenoid biosynthesis has been well studied biochemically, the genetic basis of the pathway is not wellunderstood. Here, we report the characterization of two allelic Arabidopsis mutants, spontaneous cell death 1-1 (spcl-1)and spcl-2. The weak allele spcl-1 mutant showed characteristics of bleached leaves, accumulation of superoxide andmosaic cell death. The strong mutant allele spcl-2 caused a complete arrest of plant growth and development shortlyafter germination, leading to a seedling-lethal phenotype. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that SPC1 encodesa putative ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS) in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Analysis of carotenoids revealed thatseveral major carotenoid compounds downstream of SPC1/ZDS were substantially reduced in spcl-1, suggesting thatSPC1 is a functional ZDS. Consistent with the downregulated expression of CAO and PORB, the chlorophyll contentwas decreased in spcl-1 plants. In addition, expression of Lhcb1.1, Lhcb1.4 and RbcS was absent in spcl-2, suggestingthe possible involvement of carotenoids in the plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. The spcl-1 mutant also displaysan ABA-deficient phenotype that can be partially rescued by the externally supplied phytohormone. These results suggestthat SPC1/ZDS is essential for biosynthesis of carotenoids and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development.

关键词： carotenoid biosynthesis cell death chloroplast development photoprotection Arabidopsis SPC1/ZDS

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Recent progress in preventive effect of collagen peptides on photoaging skin and action mechanism

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第2期11卷 218-229页

作者： Chongyang Li Yu Fu Hongjie Dai Qiang Wang Ruichang Gao Yuhao Zhang Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry Ministry of EducationCollege of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Biological Science Research Center Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Ultraviolet(UV)-induced photoaging skin has become an urgent issue.The functional foods and cosmetics aiming to improve skin photoaging are developing rapidly,and the demand is gradually increasing year by year.Collagen peptides have been proven to display diverse physiological activities,such as excellent moisture retention activity,hygroscopicity,tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity,which indicates that they have great potential in amelioration of UV-induced photoaging.The main objective of this article is to recap the main mechanisms to improve photoaging skin by collagen peptides and their physiological activities in photo-protection.Furthermore,the extraction and structural characteristics of collagen peptides are overviewed.More importantly,some clinical trials on the beneficial effect on skin of collagen peptides are also discussed.In addition,prospects and challenges of collagen peptides are emphatically elucidated in this review.This article implies that collagen peptides have great potential as an effective ingredient in food and cosmetics industry with a wide application prospect.

关键词： Collagen peptides photoprotection MAPK TGF-β-Smad Action mechanism

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Awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards sun protection among patients with melanoma and atypical mole syndrome

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022年第7期13卷 587-598页

作者： Dimitra Koumaki Marios Papadakis Stamatoula Kouloumvakou Konstantinos Krasagakis Department of Dermatology University Hospital of HeraklionHeraklion 71110Greece Department of Surgery II University of Witten-HerdeckeWuppertal 42283Germany Department of Internal Medicine Agios Nikolaos General HospitalAgios Nikolaos 72100Greece Department of Dermatology University of CreteHeraklion 71110Greece

BACKGROUND Patients with atypical mole syndrome(AMS)have a 3-to 20-fold higher risk of developing malignant melanoma(MM)than individuals without.The most modifiable risk factor for developing MM is the ongoing ultraviolet exposure.AIM To assess awareness,knowledge,and attitudes towards sun protection among patients with MM and AMS.METHODS From January 2020 till December 2021,a written survey was administered to patients with MM and AMS and a control group who attended a specialist mole clinic at the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of Heraklion in Heraklion,Crete,Greece.Demographic data and photoprotective practices,knowledge,and perceived barriers were collected.Relevant statistical analyses were performed using SPSS IBM 25.RESULTS In total,121 subjects consented and participated in the survey.Their mean age was 43.92±12.55 years.There were 66(54.4%)females and 55(45.4%)males.Forty-seven(38.8%)patients had AMS,26(21.5%)had a past medical history of MM,and 48(39.7%)attended the clinic for a full skin checkup for their naevi without having AMS or MM.Although 104(86%)participants reported using sunscreen with the majority of them(59/121=48.8%)wearing sunscreen with a sun protection factor of>50,only 22(18.2%)patients did so every day and only 20(16.5%)all year round.Approximately 74.4%of patients recalled having received advice on how to protect their skin from sunlight,and 73%were interested in receiving education about sun protection.The most mentioned barriers in photoprotection were concerns over adequate vitamin D and lack of time.CONCLUSION Despite mentioning having received adequate education in photoprotection,adherence to photoprotection practices is suboptimal in patients with MM and AMS.

关键词： Atypical mole syndrome Dysplastic naevi Malignant melanoma photoprotection Skin cancer

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A bestrophin-like protein modulates the proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第10期58卷 848-858页

作者： Zhikun Duan Fanna Kong Lin Zhang Wenjing Li Jiao Zhang Lianwei Peng Key Laboratory of Photobiology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China.

During photosynthesis, photosynthetic electron transport generates a proton motive force （pmf） across the thylakoid membrane, which is used for ATP biosynthesis via ATP synthase in the chloroplast. The pmf is composed of an electric potential （△φ） and an osmotic component （△pH）. Partitioning between these components in chloroplasts is strictly regulated in response to fluctuating environments. However, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate pmf partitioning is limited. Here, we report a bestrophin-like protein （AtBest）, which is critical for pmf partitioning. While the △pH component was slightly reduced in atbest, the △φ component was much greater in this mutant than in the wild type, resulting in less efficient activation of nonphotochemical quenching （NPQ） upon both illumination and a shift from low light to high light. Although no visible phenotype was observed in the atbest mutant in the greenhouse, this mutant exhibited stronger photoinhibition than the wild type when grown in the field. AtBest belongs to the bestrophin family proteins, which are believed to function as chloride （Cl^-） channels. Thus, our findings reveal an important Cl^- channel required for ion transport and homeo- stasis across the thylakoid membrane in higher plants. These processes are essential for fine-tuning photosynthesis under fluctuating environmental conditions.

关键词： Bestrophin Cl^- channel photoprotection photosynthesis proton motive force

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