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Detection performance improvement of photon counting chirped amplitude modulation lidar with response probability correction

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第9期27卷 322-326页

作者：孙怿飞张子静赵丽媛孙伟民赵远 Department of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics Harbin Engineering University

Geiger mode avalanche photodiode detector （Gm-APD） possesses the ultra-high sensitivity. photon counting chirped amplitude modulation （PCCAM） light detection and ranging （lidar） uses the counting results of the returned signal detected by Gm-APD to mix with the reference signal, which makes PCCAM lidar capable of realizing the ultra-high sensitivity, and this is very important for detecting the remote and weak signal. However, Gm-APD is a nonlinear device, different from traditional linear detectors. Due to the nonlinear response of Gm-APD, the counting results of the returned signal detected by Gm-APD are different from those of both the original modulation signal and the reference signal. This will affect the mixing effect and thus degrade the detection performance of PCCAM lidar. In this paper, we propose a response probability correction method. First, the response probability correction model is established on the basis of Gm-APD Poisson prob- ability response model. Then, the response probability correction model is used to adjust the original modulation signal that is used to drive laser, in order to make the counting results of the returned signal detected by Gm-APD better mix with the local reference signal in the same form. Through this method, the detection performance of PCCAM lidar is enhanced efficiently.

关键词： photon counting chirping lidar

Modeling the photon counting and photoelectron counting characteristics of quanta image sensors

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Journal of Semiconductors 2021年第6期42卷 25-34页

作者： Bowen Liu Jiangtao Xu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology School of MicroelectronicsTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

A signal chain model of single-bit and multi-bit quanta image sensors(QISs)is *** on the proposed model,the photoresponse characteristics and signal error rates of QISs are investigated,and the effects of bit depth,quantum efficiency,dark current,and read noise on them are *** the signal error rates towards photons and photoelectrons counting are lower than 0.01,the high accuracy photon and photoelectron counting exposure ranges are ***,an optimization method of integration time to ensure that the QIS works in these high accuracy exposure ranges is *** trade-offs between pixel area,the mean value of incident photons,and integration time under different illuminance level are *** the 3-bit QIS with 0.16 e-/s dark current and 0.21 *** noise,when the illuminance level and pixel area are 1 lux and 1.21μm^(2),or 10000 lux and 0.21μm^(2),the recommended integration time is 8.8 to 30 ms,or 10 to21.3μs,*** proposed method can guide the design and operation of single-bit and multi-bit QISs.

关键词： CMOS image sensor quanta image sensor photon counting photoelectron counting signal error rate integration time

Three-dimensional imaging lidar system based on high speed pseudorandom modulation and photon counting

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Chinese Optics Letters 2016年第11期14卷 53-57页

作者：张宇飞贺岩杨芳罗远陈卫标 Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Electronics and Information Engineer Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China

High speed pseudorandom modulation and photon counting techniques are applied to a three-dimensional imaging lidar *** specific structure and working principle of the lidar system is *** actual detector efficiency of a single-photon detector in an imaging system is discussed,and the result shows that a variety of reasons lead to the decrease in detection efficiency.A series of ranging and imaging experiments are conducted,and a series of high-resolution three-dimensional images and a distance value of 1200 m of noncooperative targets are acquired.

关键词： photon counting Three-dimensional image acquisition Laser range finder

True random coded photon counting Lidar

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2020年第2期3卷 12-17页

作者： Bo Liu Yang Yu Zhen Chen Weiqiang Han Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China

A true random coded photon counting Lidar system is proposed in this paper,in which a single photon detector acts as the true random sequence signal generator instead of the traditional function *** with the traditional pseudo-random coded method,the true random coded method not only improves the anti-crosstalk capability of the system,but more importantly,it effectively overcomes the adverse effect of the detector’s dead time on the ranging *** experiment results show that the ranging performance of the true random coded method is obviously better than that of the pseudo-random coded *** a result,a three-dimensional scanning imaging of a model car is completed by the true random coded method.

关键词： Lidar photon counting true random coded pseudo-random coded

Spatially modulated scene illumination for intensity-compensated two-dimensional array photon-counting LiDAR imaging

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第9期31卷 238-248页

作者：谢佳衡张子静黄明维李家欢贾凡赵远 School of Physics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

photon-counting LiDAR using a two-dimensional(2D)array detector has the advantages of high lateral resolution and fast acquisition *** non-uniform intensity profile of the illumination beam and non-uniform quantum efficiency of the detectors in the 2D array deteriorate the imaging ***,we propose a photon-counting LiDAR system that uses a spatial light modulator to control the spatial intensity to compensate for both the non-uniform intensity profile of the illumination beam,and the variation in the quantum efficiency of the detectors in the 2D *** using a 635 nm peak wavelength and 4 mW average power semiconductor laser,lab-based experiments at a 4.27 m stand-off distance are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed *** with the unmodulated method,the standard deviation of the intensity image of the proposed method is reduced from 0.109 to 0.089 for a whiteboard target,with an average signal photon number of 0.006 per pixel.

关键词： avalanche photodiode camera photon counting three-dimensional imaging array modulation

photon-counting chirped amplitude modulation lidar system using superconducting nanowire single-photon detector at 1550-nm wavelength

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第1期27卷 593-597页

作者：周慧何宇昊吕超林尤立星李召辉吴光张伟君张露刘晓宇杨晓燕王镇 State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT)Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE) State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University

We demonstrate a photon-counting chirped amplitude modulation （CAM） light detection and ranging （lidar） system incorporating a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector （SNSPD） and operated at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The distance accuracy of the lidar system was determined by the CAM bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of an intermediate frequency （IF） signal. Owing to a short dead time （10 ns） and negligible dark count rate （70 Hz） of the SNSPD, the obtained IF signal attained an SNR of 42 dB and the direct distance accuracy was improved to 3 mm when the modulation bandwidth of the CAM signal was 240 MHz and the modulation period was 1 ms.

关键词： photon counting photodetectors lidar

Development of robust perovskite single crystal radiation detectors with high spectral resolution through synergetic trap deactivation and self-healing

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InfoMat 2023年第9期5卷 26-37页

作者： Lixiang Wang Yilong Song Liqi Li Liting Tao Minxing Yan Weihui Bi Xueying Yang Yuan Sun Qingfeng Dong Deren Yang Yanjun Fang State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouthe People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchunthe People's Republic of China Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering Taiyuanthe People's Republic of China

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite single crystals(SCs)are promising materials for detecting ionizing radiation owing to their outstanding photoelectric conversion capability and inexpensive solution ***,the accuracy and stability of the detectors have been limited due to the charge traps and defects in SCs,especially when operated under high-precision photon-counting mode for energy spectrum ***,we proposed a trap freezing deactivation route,which obviously suppressed dark current and noise by up to 97%and 92%,***,the bulk ion migration effect was essential for the ability to instantly self-heal defects induced by radiation damage at temperatures down to30***,the detector exhibits a record high energy resolution of 7.5%at 59.5 keV for 241Amγ-ray source,which is the best solution-processed semiconductor radiation detectors at the same energy *** addition,the detector maintains over 90%of its initial performance after 9 months of storage when tested in the *** results will represent a revision of the paradigm that high-spectral-resolution and robust radiation detectors can only be realized with high temperature grown inorganic semiconductor single crystals.

关键词： energy resolution perovskite single crystal photon counting radiation detector self-healing stability

A hydroxyl radical detection system using gas expansion and fast gating laser-induced fluorescence techniques

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 190-200页

作者： Hao Chen Renzhi Hu Pinhua Xie Xingbiao Xing Liuyi Ling Zhiyan Li Fengyang Wang Yihui Wang Jianguo Liu Wenqing Liu Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Electric and Information Technology Anhui University of Science and Technology

An OH radical measurement instrument based on Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion（FAGE）has been developed in our *** air is introduced into a low-pressure fluorescence cell through a pinhole aperture and irradiated by a dye laser at a high repetition rate of 8.5 k *** OH radical is both excited and detected at 308 nm using A-X（0,0）*** satisfy the high efficiency needs of fluorescence collection and detection,a 4-lens optical system and a self-designed gated photomultiplier（PMT）is used,and gating is actualized by switching the voltage applied on the PMT dynodes.A micro channel photomultiplier（MCP）is also prepared for fluorescence *** the weak signal is accumulated by a photon counter in a specific *** OH radical excitation spectrum range in the wavelength of 307.82–308.2 nm is detected and the excited line for OH detection is determined to be Q1（2）*** calibration of the FAGE system is researched by using simultaneous photolysis of H2O and *** minimum detection limit of the instrument using gated PMT is determined to be 9.4×10~5molecules/cm^3,and the sensitivity is 9.5×10^（-7）cps/（OH·cm^（-3））,with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2 and an integration time of 60 sec,while OH detection limit and the detection sensitivity using MCP is calculated to be 1.6×10~5molecules/cm^3and 2.3×10^（-6）cps/（OH·cm^（-3））.The laboratory OH radical measurement is carried out and results show that the proposed system can be used for atmospheric OH radical measurement.

关键词： OH radical Laser-induced fluorescence Fluorescence assay by gas expansion Photomultiplier photon counting

Single-photon Lidar for Fast Imaging at Low SBR and Few photons

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激光与光电子学进展 2023年第8期60卷 386-393页

作者： Xue Ruikai Kang Yan Zhang Tongyi Meng Fanxing Wang Xiaofang Li Weiwei Li Lifei Zhao Wei State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and photonics Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119ShaanxiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In low-light conditions,the single-photon light detection and ranging(Lidar)technique based on timecorrelated single-photon counting(TCSPC)is suited for collecting a three-dimensional(3D)profile of the *** present a rapid 3D reconstruction approach for single-photon Lidar with low signal-to-background ratio(SBR)and few photons based on a combination of short-duration range gate selection,photon accumulation of surrounding pixels,and photon efficiency algorithm in this *** achieve the best noise filtering and 3D image reconstruction by choosing the optimal combined order of simple *** were carried out to validate the various depth estimation algorithms using simulated data and single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD)array data under varying *** experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve high-quality 3D reconstruction with a faster processing speed compared to the existing *** proposed technology will encourage the use of single-photon Lidar to suit practical needs such as quick and noise-tolerant 3D imaging.

关键词： Lidar 3D imaging photon counting few photons time-of-flight imaging low SBR