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Nano Research 2021年第7期14卷 2285-2293页

作者： Wu Zhou Chung-Li Dong Yiqing Wang Yu-Cheng Huang Lingyun He Han-Wei Chang Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxi 710049China Department of Physics Tamkang UniversityTamsui 25137TaiwanChina

Self-passivation in aqueous solution and sluggish surface reaction kinetics significantly limit the photoelectrochemical(PEC)performances of silicon-based ***,a WO_(3) thin layer is deposited on the p-Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition(PLD),acting as a photocathode for PEC hydrogen *** to bare p-Si,the single-junctional p-Si/WO_(3) photoelectrodes exhibit excellent and stable PEC performances with significantly increased cathodic photocurrent density and exceptional anodic shift in onset potential for water *** is revealed that the WO_(3) layer could reduce the charge transfer resistance across the electrode/electrolyte interface by eliminating the effect of Fermi level pinning on the surface of *** importantly,by varying the oxygen pressures during PLD,the collaborative modulation of W–O bond covalency and WO6 octahedral structure symmetry contributes to the promoted charge carrier transport and ***,a large band bending at the p-Si/WO_(3) junction,induced by the optimized O vacancy contents in WO_(3),could provide a photovoltage as high as~500 mV to efficiently drive charge transfer to overcome the water reduction ***,by manipulating W–O local atomic structures in the deposited WO_(3) layer,a great improvement in PEC performance could be achieved over the singlejunctional p-Si/WO_(3) photocathodes for solar hydrogen generation.

关键词： silicon local atomic structure water splitting photocathodes hydrogen generation

GaN nanowires/Si photocathodes for CO_(2) reduction towards solar fuels and chemicals: advances, challenges, and prospects

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第3期66卷 739-754页

作者： Baowen Zhou Jinglin Li Xinyue Dong Lin Yao Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China China-UK Low Carbon College Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201306China

Photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)production of fuels and chemicals by using solar energy,water,and CO_(2) paves a promising avenue toward carbon *** the past decades,for accelerating this process,a variety of photocathodes have been *** them,the hybrid of GaN nanowires(NWs)and planar silicon has appeared as a disruptive platform for this grand topic,owing to their distinctive structural,optoelectronic,and catalytic *** review illustrates the most recent advances in GaN NWs/Si-based photocathodes for CO_(2) reduction reactions powered by simulated sunlight,beginning with a discussion of the critical requirements and fundamental challenges of PEC CO_(2) *** characteristics of GaN NWs/Si are then discussed,showing its great potential in precisely controlling the behavior of photons,charges,and chemical *** the focus of this review,the progress on the PEC CO_(2) reduction reactions toward different products over GaN NWs/Si-based photocathodes is *** the end,the challenges and prospects of GaN NWs/Si-based photocathodes for the practical synthesis of solarfuels and chemicals are proposed.

关键词： GaN NWs/Si photocathodes solar fuels and chemicals CO reduction reactions

Recent progress and perspectives on Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based photocathodes for solar hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 508-523页

作者： Shuo Chen Tianxiang Liu Zhuanghao Zheng Muhammad Ishaq Guangxing Liang Ping Fan Tao Chen Jiang Tang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and SystemsCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(WNLO) School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina

Photoelectrochemical(PEC) cells involved with semiconductor electrodes can simultaneously absorb solar energy and perform chemical reactions, which are considered as an attractive strategy to produce renewable and clean hydrogen energy. Sb_(2)Se_(3) has been widely investigated in constructing PEC photocathodes benefitting of its low toxicity, suitable band gap, superior optoelectronic properties, and outstanding photocorrosion stability. We first present a brief overview of basic concepts and principles of PEC water splitting as well as a comparison between Sb_(2)Se_(3) and other numerous candidates. Then the material characteristics and preparation methods of Sb_(2)Se_(3) are introduced. The development of Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based photocathodes in PEC water splitting with various architectures and engineering efforts(i.e., absorber engineering, interfaces engineering, co-catalyst engineering and tandem engineering) to improve solar-to-hydrogen(STH) efficiency are highlighted. Finally, we debate the possible future directions to further explore the researching fields of Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based photocathodes with a strongly positive outlook in PEC processed solar hydrogen production.

关键词： Sb_(2)Se_(3) photocathodes Photoelectrochemical Water splitting Solar-to-hydrogen

Development of Preparation Systems with K_2CsSb photocathodes and Study on the Preparation Process

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Chinese Physics Letters 2019年第2期36卷 8-11页

作者： Fan Zhang Xiao-Ping Li Xiao-Shen Li Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The next generation of advanced light sources requires photons with large average flux and high brightness,which needs advanced electron gun matched with excellent photocathode materials. K_2CsSb photocathode has the advantages of high quantum efficiency, long lifetime and instantaneous response. This study introduces the design of a set of K_2CsSb photocathode preparation systems and detailed preparation process of K_2CsSb photocathodes, including sequential deposition process and co-deposition process, and finally develops a K_2CsSb photocathode. The influence of laser power on the quantum efficiency is also investigated.

关键词： Cs Sb St Development of Preparation Systems with K2CsSb photocathodes and Study on the Preparation Process

Enhancing photoelectrochemical activity with three-dimensional p-CuO/n-ZnO junction photocathodes

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Science China Materials 2016年第10期59卷 825-832页

作者：武芳丽曹风人刘琼卢豪李亮 College of Physics Optoelectronics and EnergyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials&Physics(CECMP)Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

Designing photoelectrodes with particular nanostructure and composition has been regarded as a promising approach to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting efficiency. We report the design and synthesis of a three-dimensional(3D) nanostructure with CuO nanocones as backbones and ZnO nanorods as branches,using a facile water bath reaction process together with the atomic layer deposition(ALD) technology. As utilized in photocathodes, the optimized CuO/ZnO nanostructure, 37 cycles of ALD ZnO seedlayer and 55 min of water bath reaction of ZnO nanorods, demonstrate highly improved PEC performance. The ratio of photo to dark current density for the 3D CuO/ZnO is 6.4, much higher than the value of 2.7for the CuO electrode. The enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic effects of effective carrier separation and collection, reduced charge recombination, and increased carrier lifetime in the CuO/ZnO heterojunction. This work demonstrates the feasibility of designing novel 3D nanostructures by ALD technology as efficient photoelectrodes.

关键词： CuO photoelectrochemical cells photocathodes atomic layer deposition heterojunction

Sb2Se3-based photocathodes for hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Sb2Se3-based photocathodes for hydrogen production via photo...

State-of-the-art advancements of transition metal oxides as photoelectrode materials for solar water splitting

第八届新型太阳能材料科学与技术学术研讨会

作者： Shuo Chen Tian-Xiang Liu Ping Fan Guang-Xing Liang College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University

Photoelectrochemical(PEC) cells using semiconductor electrodes can efficiently absorb solar energy and perform chemical reactions, which are considered as a very attractive strategy to produce renewable, sustainable, and clean hydrogen energy. Antimony selenide(Sb2 Se3) has been widely investigated for constructing PEC involved photocathodes benefitting of its low cost, low toxicity, suitable band gap, superior optoelectronic properties, and outstanding photo-corrosion stability. Since the first Sb2 Se3 photocathode for PEC water splitting reported by Moon’s group in 2017, extensive research with various architectures and engineering efforts(i.e., absorber engineering, interfaces engineering, co-catalyst engineering and tandem engineering) has been focused on this interesting scenario. During a very short period, it achieved a rapid development in terms of photocurrent from 2 mA cm to 30 mA cm, a record Half-cell solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency(η) of 3.8% and a record η exceeding 10%. It undoubtedly demonstrates that SbSe and some analogous chalcogenide semiconductors possess great application potential in clean hydrogen production via PEC water splitting.

关键词： Sb2Se3 photocathodes photoelectrochemical water splitting solar-to-hydrogen

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Rare Metals 2022年第7期41卷 2370-2386页

作者： Gai-Li Ke Bi Jia Hui-Chao He Yong Zhou Ming Zhou State Key Laboratory of Environmental-Friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Institute of Environmental Energy Materials and Intelligent Devices School of Metallurgy and Materials EngineeringChongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing 401331China Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center School of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing 211102China Department of Chemistry State University of New YorkBinghamton NY 13902USA

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting can convert renewable solar energy into clean hydrogen *** are the core components of water-splitting *** the past 40 years,a series of binary and ternary transition metal oxides have been investigated as photo-electrode materials for solar water splitting,and numerous studies have been carried out to modify their water-split-ting *** satisfactory transition metal oxide photoelectrode materials have not been found,it is necessary to summarize the recent advancements in tran-sition metal oxide photoelectrode materials to guide future *** this review,the background and principle of PEC water splitting are *** semiconductor properties and modification progress of typical binary and ternary metal oxide photoanodes and photocathodes for solar water splitting are *** on the newly developed strategies in recent years,a brief outlook is presented for efficient PEC water splitting using transition metal oxide photoelectrodes.

关键词： Transition metal oxides Photoanodes photocathodes Water splitting Review

Recent Advancements in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2023年第1期6卷 357-402页

作者： Yibo Zhao Zhenjie Niu Jiwu Zhao Lan Xue Xianzhi Fu Jinlin Long State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis On Energy and Environment College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116FujianChina

Sunlight is the most abundant and inexhaustible energy source on ***,its low energy density,dispersibility and intermittent nature make its direct utilization with industrial relevance challenging,suggesting that converting sunlight into chemical energy and storing it is a valuable measure to achieve global sustainable ***–neutral,clean and secondary pollution-free solar-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen is one of the most attractive avenues among all the current options and is expected to realize the transformation from dependence on fossil fuels to zero-pollution *** photosynthetic systems(APSs)based on photoelectrochemical(PEC)devices appear to be an ideal avenue to efficiently achieve solar-to-hydrogen *** this review,we comprehensively highlight the recent developments in photocathodes,including architectures,semiconductor photoabsorbers and performance optimization *** particular,frontier research cases of organic semiconductors,dye sensitization and surface grafted molecular catalysts applied to APSs based on frontier(molecular)orbital theory and semiconductor energy band theory are ***,research advances in typical photoelectrodes with the metal–insulator–semiconductor(MIS)architecture based on quantum tunnelling are also ***,we discuss the benchmarks and protocols for designing integrated tandem photoelectrodes and PEC systems that conform to the solar spectrum to achieve high-efficiency and cost-effective solar-to-hydrogen conversion at an industrial scale in the near future.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical(PEC)cells Solar water splitting photocathodes Semiconductors Metal-insulator-semiconductor(MIS)heterostructure Tandem photoelectrodes

First Beam Measurements of the S-Band photocathode Radio-Frequency Gun at Tsinghua University

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第7期24卷 1876-1878页

作者：杜应超颜立新杜强何小中向导唐传祥黄文会林郁正 Accelerator Laboratory Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 lnstitute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 Institute of Fluid Physics China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900

During the last decades, photocathode rf gun has been proven to be successful in generating the high brightness electron beam （-lnC,-lπ mmmrad,-l ps） which is required by the ILC, XFEL, Thomson scattering x-ra y source, etc. A photocathode rf gun system is built to develop electron source for the Thomson scattering x-ray source at Accelerator Laboratory of Tsinghua University. The system consists of a BNL/ATF-type 1.6 cell S-band rf cavity, a solenoid for emittance compensation, a laser system and some simple equipments for beam diagnosis. The first beam measurements of the photocathode rf gun, including the dark current, transverse beam profile, charge and quantum efficiency, are reported.

关键词： photocathodes RADIO frequency ELECTRON beams THOMSON scattering QUANTUM efficiency (Physics)

Transmission-mode GaN photocathode based on graded Al_xGa_(1-x)N buffer layer

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Chinese Optics Letters 2011年第1期9卷 17-20页

作者：杜晓晴常本康钱芸生高频 Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China College of Optoelectronic EngineeringChongqing University Institute of Electronic Engineering and Opto-Electric Technology Nanjing University of Science and Technology

We create a GaN photocathode based on graded AlxGa1-xN buffer layers to overcome the influence of buffer-emission layer interface on the photoemission of transmission-mode GaN photocathodes. A gate- shaped spectral response with a 260-nm starting wavelength and a 375-nm cut-off wavelength is obtained. Average quantum efficiency is 15% and short wavelength responses are almost equivalent to long wavelength ones. The fitted interface recombination velocity is 5×10^4 cm/s, with negligible magnitude, proving that the design of the graded buffer layers is efficient in obtaining good interface quality between the buffer and the emission laver.

关键词： Buffer layers Epitaxial layers Field emission cathodes Gallium nitride Optical waveguides photocathodes