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Split internal-loop photobioreactor for Scenedesmus ***:Culturing and hydrodynamics

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第5期34卷 236-248页

作者： Laith S.Sabri Abbas J.Sultan Muthanna H.Al-Dahhan Multiphase Flow and Reactors Engineering and Application Laboratory(mReal) Chemical and Biochemical Engineering DepartmentMissouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO65409-1230.USA University of Technology Chemical Engineering DepartmentBaghdadIraq

In this study,the evaluation of the performance of the split internal loop photobioreactor for culturing a species of green microalgae,Scenedesmus *** different operating superficial gas velocity and during a different time of growth(i.e.,starting for the first day until end day of the culturing process)was *** evaluation of the performance of the split internal loop photobioreactor was included assessing the density,pH,temperature,viscosity,surface tension,the optical density,cell population,dry biomass,and chlorophyll of the culture medium of the microalgae ***,the hydrodynamics of a Split Internal-Loop photobioreactor with microalgae culturing was comprehensively *** particle tracking(RPT)and gamma-ray computed tomography(CT)techniques were applied for the first time to quantify and address the influence of microalgae culture on the hydrodynamic *** hydrodynamics parameters such as local liquid velocity field,shear stresses,turbulent kinetic energy,and local gas holdup profiles were measured at different superficial gas velocities as well as under different times of algae *** obtained results indicate that the flow distribution may significantly affect the performance of the photobioreactor,which may have substantial effects on the cultivation *** obtained experimental data can serve as benchmark data for the evaluation and validation of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)codes and their ***,in turn,allows us to develop efficient reactors and consequently improving the productivity and selectivity of these photobioreactors.

关键词： Scenedesmus microalgae Cylindrical airlift photobioreactor Physical properties Non-invasive gamma-ray technique

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Improvement of microalgae lipid productivity and quality in an ion-exchange-membrane photobioreactor using real municipal wastewater

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第1期10卷 97-106页

作者： Chang Haixing Fu Qian Huang Yun Xia Ao Liao Qiang Zhu Xun Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems Chongqing UniversityMinistry of EducationChongqing 400030China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China

To improve the productivity and quality of microalgae-based biodiesel when using municipal wastewater(MW)as nutrients source,an ion-exchange-membrane photobioreactor(IEM-PBR)was used in this study to eliminate the negative effects of pollutants in MW on microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus *** the IEM-PBR,the real MW and microalgae cultures were separated in two chambers by the ion-exchange-membranes(IEMs).Nutrients(N,P,etc.)in the MW permeated into microalgae cultures through the IEMs,while pollutants(suspended solids,competitors,etc.)in the MW could hardly permeate into microalgae *** a result,the lipid productivity in the IEM-PBR was improved to 85.7 mg/(L·d)for *** and 111.8 mg/(L·d)for ***,which was slightly higher than that in the traditional photobioreactor(T-PBR)with real MW after centrifugation(82.5 mg/(L·d)for *** and 105.8 mg/(L·d)for ***),but much higher than that in the T-PBR with untreated MW and primary MW(with lipid productivity of 20-30 mg/(L·d)).Besides,the lipid quality obtained in the IEM-PBR had higher proportion of cetane number(ca.60%)and lower linolenic acid content(ca.8%),which showed a superior quality in the IEM-PBR to that in the *** demonstrated that the IEM-PBR is an effective approach to improve the productivity and quality of microalgae biodiesel.

关键词： microalgae photobioreactor lipid productivity real municipal wastewater ion-exchange-membrane

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HYDROGEN PHOTOPRODUCTION OF *** INCORPORATED IN A photobioreactor

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1998年第S1期16卷 118-126页

作者：刘建国

H2 photoproduction and nitrogenase activities in two strains of Anabaena variabilismarked wild type ATCC 29413 and mutant PK84 exposed to thermal stress (temperature higher than thenormal incubation temperature of 30℃) were studied. Cultures of both strains collected from any intervalof logarithmic growth phase exhibited high H2 photoproduction and nitrogenase activities when exposed tolimited time heat shock during the assay process. In contrast, the algal H2 photoproduction rate of bothstrains fluctuated with long term thermal stress caused hy increasing the growth temperature from 30℃ to36℃.The changes of nitrogenase (the key H2 photobiosynhetic enzyme) activities in the mutant PK84showed variation tendency similar to that of H2 photoproduction during exposure to thermal stress, indicat-ing that fluctuation of H2 photopnduction in the mutant was mainly due to the variation of nitrogenase ac-tivities. A temporary maximal H2 photoproduction in the mutant PK84 (wild type ATCC29413 ) was ob-served when cells po at 36℃ for 14 (6) days. However, the responses of nitrogenase activities in thewild type to thermal stress were not completely similar to those in the mutant in spite of similar variationsof H2 photoproduction in both strains. The data obtained in these studies suggested tha the activities ofother enzymes (in the wild strain) involved in H2 photoproduction were affected by thermal stress since H2photoporduction maximized or dropped to 0 without variation tendency similar to that of nitrogenase ***, an enhancement of H2 photoproduction speed of the mutant strain cultured in a 4.4 Llaboratory photobioreactor was also observed when it was subjected to short time continuous charge of ar-gon, and temperature *** these results indicated that high temperature plays an important role in the photo-autotrophic H2photoproduction, and that long term thermal stress is unfavourable for net H2 phooproduction in bothstrains of A. variabilis though sho

关键词： H2 photoproduction Anabaena variabilis thermal stress mutant photobioreactor

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photobioreactor of Microalgas for CO_(2) Biofixation

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 91-106页

作者： Yordanka Reyes Cruz Gisel Chenard Díaz Andreina Z. Figuera Leonett René Gonzalez Carliz Vinicius Rossa Luciano Basto Oliveira Maurílio Novais da Paixao Donato Alexandre Gomes Aranda School of Chemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EQ/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculty of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Uberlandia (FEQUI/UFU) Minas Gerais Brazil International Virtual Institute for Global Change (IVIG/COPPE/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Microalgae are unicellular organisms capable of photosynthesis, turning sunlight and carbon dioxide (CO2) into rich biomass. Precisely because of this definition, in recent years various sectors have been targeting their ability to reduce CO2 emissions and the capacity of simultaneously synthesize biomass which can be later used to produce bio-fuels. Besides being considered fast-growth microorganisms, microalgae have a diverse biochemical composition with similar characteristics to traditional biomass. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the biofixation of CO2 by the microalgae Monoraphidium sp., cultivated in a closed-window type photobioreactor, as well as characterization of microalgal biomass produced in relation to the total lipid content (TL), lipids converted into biodiesel (LCB), carbohydrates and proteins. The results achieved showed that the best result was obtained after 24 h of cultivation, where for each gram of biomass produced approximately 1.2 g of CO2 were consumed. In the growth phase the average biomass productivity in the Janela photobioreactor was 58 mg·L-1·day-1 concluding that microalgae culture systems could be coupled to the chimneys of large industries emitters CO2 using this gas, resulting from combustion processes, in the process of photosynthesis. The biomass Monoraphidium sp. produced had a content of lipids converted into biodiesel of approximately 8.36% ± 2.69%, carbohydrates 32% ± 3.37% and proteins 34.26% ± 0.41%.

关键词： Biomass CO_(2) Capture Cultivation Microalgae photobioreactor

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Design of a Novel photobioreactor for Culture of Microalgae

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2002年第4期7卷 486-492页

作者： Xia Jin-lan J M Levert F Benjelloun P Glavie P Lhoir Institute of Bioengineering Central-South University Changsha 410083 Hunan China Service de Chimie et Biochimie Appliquées Facult Polytechnique de Mons Mons 7000 Belgium

This paper presents the design of a novel photobioreactor for cultivation of microalgae. The body of the reactor with volume of about 40 L is parallelipipedic and divided in five compartments that can be put in series. The optical guides, plunged perpendicularly into the compartments, are upright Plexiglas plates on which side faces there are able to diffuse light laterally and ensure an even distribution of light in the medium. External airlifts through the side columns are used for mixing of culture medium. The external light source is a SON-T lamp mounted inside a projector that provides a conical light dispersion, it is interchangeable and may take different positions. The design offers the photobioreactor characteristics including mainly interchangeable light source, homogenous distribution of light, perfect mixing of suspension of algae, high ratio of illuminating surface to volume of reactor, compactness and absence of contamination. Schemes, view of the photobioractor and data of continuous culture forSpirulina maxima are presented.

关键词： design photobioreactor microalgae Plexiglas optic unit Spirulina maxima

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Photofermentative hydrogen production by immobilized Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-VOGS3 cells in photobioreactors

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Energy Reviews 2024年第1期3卷 39-48页

作者： Isabela C.Moia Aikaterini Kanaropoulou Demetrios F.Ghanotakis Pietro Carlozzi Eleftherios Touloupakis Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems National Research CouncilVia Madonna del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFIItaly Department of Chemistry University of CreteVoutes Campus70013 HeraklionGreece

One of the most important solutions to overcome energy and environmental problems and to replace the fossil fuel-based economy could be the use of photosynthetic *** use of photosynthetic microorganisms is a potential alternative to energy generation from fossil fuels because they efficiently produce hydrogen(H_(2)).Immobilization of photosynthetic microorganisms is used for many biotechnological applications such as H_(2) *** method appears attractive because it restricts cell movement in an entrapped *** of Rhodopseudomonas sp.S16-VOGS3 cells is a promising way to improve H_(2) *** this work,the ability of immobilized Rhodopseudomonas sp.S16-VOGS3 cells to produce H_(2) was investigated in two types of *** PBRs used in this work were a cylindrical one with 0.2 L working volume(C-PBR)and a flat Roux type with 0.6 L working volume(FRT-PBR).The calcium alginate beads prepared were resistant to culture mixing and showed little leakage of cells,and the immobilized cells continued the photofermentation process in both *** immobilized cells in the C-PBR produced 936.8 mL of H_(2) with an average H_(2) production rate of 2.99 mL/*** average productivity was 126.4μL(H_(2))/mg(cells)/h or 14.96 mL(H_(2))/L(culture)/h,and the light conversion efficiency was 2.37%.The immobilized cells in the FRT-PBR produced a total of 662.2 mL of H_(2) with an average H_(2) production rate of 1.55 mL/*** average productivity was 31.1μL(H_(2))/mg(cells)/h or 2.58 mL(H_(2))/L(culture)/h,and the light conversion efficiency was 0.52%.The more uniform and therefore more efficient degree of bacterial cell mixing achieved in the C-PBR with cylindrical configuration played an important role compared to the *** the FRT-PBR,the beads were aggregated at the bottom,which limited light penetration and resulted in low H_(2) production efficiency.

关键词： photobioreactor Rhodopseudomonas sp.S16-VOGS3 Photofermentation Hydrogen production Calcium alginate

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H_2 PRODUCTION BY ANABAENA VARIABILIS MUTANT IN COMPUTER CONTROLLED TWO-STAGE AIR-LIFT TUBULAR photobioreactor

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2000年第2期18卷 126-131页

作者：刘建国 D.O.Hall K.K.Rao A.A.Tsygankov D.A.Sveshnikov 中科院海洋所山东青岛 2 660 71 King’s College London 英国 London W87AH Institute of SoilScience and Photosynthesis Russian Academy 俄罗斯 MoscowRegi 1 42 2 92 Moscow State Univ 俄罗斯 Moscow 1 1 9899

A 4.34 liter two stage air lift photobioreactor incorporating Anabaena variabilis ATCC29413 mutant PK84 was used to study H 2 production. Results showed that H 2 production increased with increasing light intensity from 47 μE/(m 2·s) up to 190 μE/(m 2·s), but that further increase of light intensity decreased the H 2 production because of the inhibition due to the high pO 2. The data also indicated that longer argon gas charge resulted in more H 2 produced due to the increase of nitrogenase activities and heterocyst frequency, and that more than 1.3 L net H 2 was produced from this computer controlled photobioreactor.

关键词： H 2 production Anabaena variabilis photobioreactor light intensity

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Design of photobioreactors for Mass Cultivation of Photosynthetic Organisms

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Engineering 2017年第3期3卷 318-329页

作者： Qingshan Huang Fuhua Jiang Lianzhou Wang Chao Yang Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Nanomaterials Center School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Queensland 4072 Australia

Photosynthetic microorganisms are important bioresources for producing desirable and environmentally benign products, and photobioreactors (PBRs) play important roles in these processes. Designing PBRs for photocatalysis is still challenging at present, and most reactors are designed and scaled up using semi-empirical approaches. No appropriate types of PBRs are available for mass cultivation due to the reactors’ high capital and operating costs and short lifespan, which are mainly due to a current lack of deep understanding of the coupling of light, hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and cell growth in efficient reactor design. This review provides a critical overview of the key parameters that influence the performance of the PBRs, including light, mixing, mass transfer, temperature, pH, and capital and operating costs. The lifespan and the costs of cleaning and temperature control are also emphasized for commercial exploitation. Four types of PBRs—tubular, plastic bag, column airlift, and flat-panel airlift reactors are recommended for large-scale operations. In addition, this paper elaborates the modeling of PBRs using the tools of computational fluid dynamics for rational design. It also analyzes the difficulties in the numerical simulation, and presents the prospect for mechanism-based models.

关键词： photobioreactor Solar energy Photosynthesis Hydrodynamics Flashing-light effect

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Enhanced removal of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris: Multi-objective optimization and CFD simulation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第3期27卷 639-648页

作者： Mohammad Bagher Sabeti Mohammad Amin Hejazi Afzal Karimi Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Tabriz Department of Food Biotechnology Branch for Northwest & West Region Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran Agricultural Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences

To enhance the efficiency of wastewater biotreatment with microalgae, the effects of physical parameters need to be investigated and optimized. In this regard, the individual and interactive effects of temperature, p H and aeration rate on the performance of biological removal of nitrate and phosphate by Chlorella vulgaris were studied by response surface methodology(RSM). Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization technique was applied to the response equations to simultaneously find optimal combinations of input parameters capable of removing the highest possible amount of nitrate and phosphate. The optimal calculated values were temperature of 26.3 °C, pH of 8 and aeration rate of 4.7 L·min^(-1). Interestingly, under the optimum condition, approximately 85% of total nitrate and 77% of whole phosphate were removed after 48 h and 24 h, respectively, which were in excellent agreement with the predicted values. Finally, the effect of baffle on mixing performance and, as a result, on bioremoval efficiency was investigated in Stirred Tank photobioreactor(STP) by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD). Flow behavior indicated substantial enhancement in mixing performance when the baffle was inserted into the tank. Obtained simulation results were validated experimentally. Under the optimum condition, due to proper mixing in baffled STP, nitrate and phosphate removal increased up to 93% and 86%,respectively, compared to unbaffled one.

关键词： Nitrate Phosphate Nutrient removal Response surface methodology Stirred Tank photobioreactor Computational Fluid Dynamics

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SPIRULINA CULTIVATION IN CHINA

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1998年第S1期16卷 152-157页

作者：吴伯堂向文洲曾呈奎

This paper reviews and discusses the development and many problems of Spirulinacultivation in China, points out the advantages and disadvantages of open photobioreactor system, andpredicts that seawater Spirulina cultivation will be a new trend to be strengthened and emphasized due toits special physiological characteristics, easier managment, lower fertilizer cost, and higher resistance tocontaminants and rare pollution of chemicals.

关键词： Spirulina cultivation open photobioreactor closed photobioreactor

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