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phosphogypsum utilization part Ⅲ:as Adhesive Filler and Composite Materials

Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2000年第4期16卷 439-444页

作者： A.A.Hanna, Y.M.Abu-Ayana and S.M.Ahmed (National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt)

The aim of this work is to make use of phosphogypsum (PG) waste material, which is produced in phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizer manufactures. A number of wood adhesive formulations based on polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) polymer and phosphogypsum as a filler have been prepared. using different percentages of phosphogypsum, ranging between 5-20 wt pct. The prepared formulations were tested for adhesion strength and compared with both natural and pure gypsum fillers. The results indicate that PG improves the adhesion strength when 5 wt pct added, and that may be due to filling the porous surface of wood with the fine particles of PG, as well as coating the particles of the filler (PG) with PVAc units. Also, a number of formulations based on urea-formaldehyde polymer have been prepared using phosphogypsum as an active filler in the ratio of 40-75 wt pct to prepare composite materials used for some decoration purposes and construction. Mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of these formulations were studied. Also, the activation energy was calculated. The results indicate that PG without acid hardener can be used for preparation of composite materials based on urea-formaldehyde between 40-63.64 wt pct for construction purposes in the humid atmosphere, while between 63.64-75 wt pct for decoration purposes. The improvement of the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the composite material may be attributed to the simultaneous hydration hardening action of phosphogypsum and the presence of 0.8% P_2O_5. These effects act as an active hardener for urea-formaldehyde resin and accelerate the cross-linking and network formation reinforced by the fine dusty inorganic particles of PG. The advantage of this method is to prepare composite material gypsum-urea-formaldehyde, which achieves the utilization of large amount of PG, reducing the price of the main product phosphate, minimizing the pollution and producing new materials which possess high thermal resistanc

关键词： than PG PVAc phosphogypsum utilization part

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phosphogypsum utilization part Ⅱ: Preparation of Ammonium Sulphate

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1999年第6期15卷 571-574页

作者： A.A.Hanna and S.M.Ahmed (Inorg. Chem. Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt)[ Manuscript received

The aim of this work was to describe the conversion of raw phosphogypsum, issued from the manufacture of H3PO4 by dissolving the phosphate rock in H2SO4, into (NH4)2SO4 and *** thermal analysis technique was used to estimate the yield of conversion. (NH4)2CO3 or (NH4)2CO3 with excess NH4OH or (NH4)2CO3 with NH3 gas were used in the preparation of (NH4)2SO4 from phosphogypsum. The obtained samples were separated and tested by chemical and thermogravimetric analyses, infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction and the optimum conditions of conversion were determined. The results indicated that the yield of conversion equals to 83.37 and 86.70% in case of using (NH4)2CO3 or (NH4)2CO3 with excess ammoniarespectively, while by using NH3 gas the percentage of conversion increased to 94.2% at a flow rate of 6 ml/min. Chemical analysis, infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction patterns of the yield, (NH4)2SO4 were nearly similar to the standard sample.

关键词： NH phosphogypsum utilization part Preparation of Ammonium Sulphate

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