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Effects of Glutamate and Na^+ on the Development and Enzyme Activity of the Oriental Migratory Locust,Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen) in Successive Generations

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第4期13卷 819-826页

作者： ZHAO Xia JIA Miao WANG Lei CAO Guang-chun ZHANG Ze-hua State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University

Rapid and mass rearing ofLocusta migratoria manilensis is an urgent need to meet the increasing demand for food of people. In this study, the effects of four artificial feeds on the development, reproduction and the activities of detoxification and protective enzymes of L. migratoria manilensis in three successive generations were investigated. The results showed that sucrose and monosodium glutamate （MSG） significantly increased the net reproductive rate （R0） and the intrinsic growth rate （rm） ofL. migratoria manilensis, but sodium chloride （0.17%） suppressed this increase. Furthermore, the artificial feed with sucrose and monosodium glutamate increased the activities of esterase （EST）, acetylcholinesterase （ACHE）, glutathione-S- transferase （GST）, multi-function oxidase （MFO）, phenol oxidase （PO）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD）, but inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）. However, sodium chloride （0.17%） increased the activities of EST, ACHE, CAT and SOD, and inhibited the activities of MFO, GST, PO and POD. Correlation analysis found that the increasing of PO activity and the decreasing of SOD activities were significantly related with the increasing of the intrinsic growth rate （rm）. The above results indicated that sucrose and monosodium glutamate could promote the development and reproduction of L. migratoria manilensis, but Na＋ inhibit such promotion with the concentration above 0.2%. The activities of PO and SOD can be used as biochemical standard to assess the effect of artificial feed.

关键词： Locusta migratoria manilensis artificial feed intrinsic rate phenol oxidase superoxide dismutase

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The effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activities of litter and soil among different-aged stands of larch

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第3期7卷 240-249页

作者： Yuecun Ma Biao Zhu Zhenzhong Sun Chuang Zhao Yan Yang Shilong Piao College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Earth Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Aims Nitrogen(N)addition could affect the rate of forest litter and soil organic matter decomposition by regulating extracellular enzyme activity(EEa).The impact of N addition on EEa may differ across different age stands with different organic matter *** were interested in whether the impact of N addition on EEa in litter and mineral soil during the growing season was dependent on stand age of a larch plantation in North *** We added three levels of N(0,20 and 50 kg N ha^(−1) year^(−1))in three age stands(11,20 and 45 years old)of Larix principis-rupprech-tii plantation in North *** measured potential activities of β-1,4-glucosidase(b),cellobiohydrolase(Cb),β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase(Nag)and phenol oxidase(Po)in litter(organic horizon)and mineral soil(0-10 cm)during the second growing sea-son after N *** also measured C and N concentrations,microbial biomass C and N,and KCl-extractable ammonium and nitrate in both litter and mineral *** Findings We observed unimodal patterns of EEa during the growing season in all three stands,consistent with the seasonal variations of soil *** age had a strong effect on EEa in both litter and mineral soil,and this effect differed between litter and mineral soil as well as between different enzymes.N addition did not significantly affect the activities of b or Cb but significantly suppressed the activity of Nag in *** also found stand age-specific responses of Po activity to N addition in both litter and mineral soil.N addition suppressed Po activity of the high C:N ratio litters in 20-and 45-year-old stands but had no significant effect on Po activity of the low C:N ratio litter in 11-year-old ***,N addition inhibited Po activity of the high C:N ratio soil in 20-year-old stand but had no significant impact on Po activity of the low C:N ratio soils in 11-and 45-year-old ***,stand age had a greater effect on EEa in litter and mineral soil compare

关键词： glucosidase cellobiohydrolase glucosaminidase phenol oxidase Larix plantation

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Nitrogen deposition suppresses fungal biomass and oxidase activity in faeces of the millipede Spirobolus formosae in a temperate forest

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Soil Ecology Letters 2019年第1期1卷 42-49页

作者： Mengru Wang Shenglei Fu Hongzhi Zhang Meina Wang Haixiang Xu Leilei Shi Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions College of Environment and PlanningHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Atmospheric nitrogen(N)deposition has increased dramatically since the industrial revolution due to human *** terrestrial ecosystems,excess nitrogen inputs can greatly affect soil chemical properties,plant growth,and activities of soil microbes and *** can fragment and consume large quantities of litter,and they regulate nutrient cycling and affect soil fertility through excretion of *** soil fauna graze on the faeces of millipedes as a part of the soil food *** decomposition and stabilization of these millipede faeces are especially important in soil carbon dynamics and nutrient cycling,and these processes rely heavily upon microbial ***,very few studies have investigated how microbial community structure and oxidase activity of millipede faeces respond to climate change,especially N ***,we designed a microcosm study to investigate this question,which included two treatments,N addition treatment and control(without N addition).We found that:(i)microbial community structure in millipede faeces was altered and the biomass of fungi and actinomycetes in faecal pellets were significantly reduced after N addition,but bacteria still dominated in millipede faeces after N addition,(ii)oxidase activity was suppressed in response to N addition,and(iii)microbial community structure and oxidase activities were significantly correlated to organic carbon and dissolved total nitrogen of *** these changes suggest that millipede excretion activities under nitrogen deposition contribute to carbon stabilization and reduction in greenhouse gas emission owing to the significant role of fungi and associated oxidase in carbon *** is noteworthy to pay more attention to the function of saprotrophic invertebrates in future N deposition studies.

关键词： N deposition Microbial community structure phenol oxidase Peroxidase Millipede faeces Macroarthropods PLFA

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