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Exergy Analysis of Charge and Discharge Processes of Thermal Energy Storage System with Various phase change materials:A Comprehensive Comparison

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 509-521页

作者： Mojtaba TAHERI Fathollah POURFAYAZ Roghayeh HABIBI Akbar MALEKI Department of Renewable Energies and Environment Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of TehranTehran***Iran Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Shahrood University of TechnologyShahrood***Iran

Thermal energy storage(TES) is of great importance in solving the mismatch between energy production and consumption.In this regard,choosing type of phase change materials(PCMs) which are widely used to control heat in latent thermal energy storage systems,plays a vital role as a means of TES efficiency.However,this field suffers from lack of a comprehensive investigation on the impact of various PCMs in terms of exergy.To address this issue,in this study,in addition to indicating the melting temperature and latent heat of various PCMs,the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each material are estimated and compared with each other.Moreover,in the present work the impact of PCMs mass and ambient temperature on the exergy efficiency is evaluated.The results proved that higher latent heat does not necessarily lead to higher exergy efficiency.Furthermore,to obtain a suitable exergy efficiency,the specific heat capacity and melting temperature of the PCMs must also be considered.According to the results,LiF-CaF_(2)(80.5%:19.5%,mass ratio) mixture led to better performance with satisfactory exergy efficiency(98.84%) and notably lower required mass compared to other PCMs.Additionally,the highest and lowest exergy destruction are belonged to GR25 and LiF-CaF_(2)(80.5:19.5) mixture,respectively.

关键词： exergy analysis phase change materials thermal energy storage exergy efficiency

Co/N co-doped flower-like carbon-based phase change materials toward solar energy harvesting

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 321-330页

作者： Xiao Chen Lei Wang Yan Gao Yang Li Xiaowei Zhang Yu Jiang Ge Wang Institute of Advanced materials Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule and Structure ConstructionSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina

The photothermal conversion capacity of pristine organic phase change materials(PCMs)is inherently insufficient in solar energy utilization.To upgrade their photothermal conversion capacity,we developed bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF)derived Co/N co-doped flower-like carbon(Co/N-FLC)-based composite PCMs toward solar energy harvesting.3D interconnected carbon framework with low interfacial thermal resistance,abundant carbon defects and high content of nitrogen doping,excellent localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect of Co nanoparticles,and light absorber Co_(3)ZnC in Co/N-FLC synergistically upgrade the photothermal capacity of(polyethylene glycol)PEG@Co/N-FLC composite PCMs with an ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency of 94.8%under 0.16 W/cm^(2).Uniformly anchored Co and Co_(3)ZnC nanoparticles in carbon framework guarantee excellent photon capture ability.Bridging carbon nanotubes(CNTs)in 2D carbon nanosheets further accelerate the rapid transport of phonons by constructing cross-connected heat transfer paths.Additionally,PEG@Co/N-FLC exhibits a thermal energy storage density of 100.69 J/g and excellent thermal stability and durable reliability.Therefore,PEG@Co/N-FLC composite PCMs are promising candidates to accelerate the efficient utilization of solar energy.

关键词： bimetallic ZIF Co/N co-doped carbon phase change materials photothermal conversion thermal energy storage

Performance evaluation of new epoxy resin-based composite phase change materials and their asphalt mixture

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第3期11卷 507-522页

作者： Yuchao Gao Jiao Jin Shuai Liu Yinfei Du Guoping Qian Jie Mao Yongqiang Zhu School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology School of Civil Engineering Central South University Guangdong Guanyue Highway and Bridge Co. Ltd.

In recent years, the temperature-adjusted asphalt pavement has been an extensive concern by scholars in various countries, and this pavement can reduce temperaturerelated diseases. In this study, the shaped composite phase change materials(CPCMs) were successfully synthesized by two processes, which are vacuum impregnation and epoxy curing. Firstly, the applicability of CPCMs in asphalt mixtures was evaluated by microscopic characterization, chemical compatibility, thermal properties, durability, and leakage stability. Secondly, CPCMs were applied to the asphalt mixture to evaluate its temperatureadjusted characteristics and pavement performance. Finally, the performance of the temperature-adjusted asphalt mixture was analyzed by integrating all factors. The research shows that the prepared CPCMs have excellent thermal properties and durability,the phase transition temperature is 48.93°C, and the phase transition enthalpy is 106.5 J/g,which fully meets the requirements for use in pavement. The temperature-adjusted asphalt mixture could alleviate the occurrence of extreme temperature, which was 4.9°C lower than the conventional mixture. The pavement performance of the temperatureadjusted asphalt mixture can meet the specified standards for humid areas. Considering the factors, the recommended amount of CPCMs is 1.5%. The research results provide a basis for the promotion of temperature-adjusted asphalt pavement and effectively support the development of pavement engineering technology.

关键词： Pavement engineering Temperature-adjusted asphalt mixture phase change materials Thermal performance

Thermal comfort in a building with Trombe wall integrated with phase change materials in hot summer and cold winter region without air conditioning

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Energy and Built Environment

Energy and Built Environment 2024年第1期5卷 58-69页

作者： Jie Li Yuan Zhang Ziyang Zhu Jiangtian Zhu Jing Luo Fen Peng Xiaoqin Sun School of Energy and Power Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangshaHunan 410114PR China

Trombe wall and phase change materials(PCMs)are two effective ways to regulate indoor thermal comfort.However,Trombe wall surfers from overheating in summer and PCMs suffer from low heat transfer rate caused by the limited thermal conductivity.To compensate the shortcomings of the two methods,this paper proposed a Trombe wall system integrated with PCMs.Based on a light-weight building envelope in Changsha,China,the thermal comfort of 10 kinds of Trombe wall systems with PCMs with a melting temperature of 18-28℃ were studied.Taking the integrated indoor discomfort duration(I_(D)),integrated indoor discomfort degree-hour(I_(DH)),indoor air temperature(T_(in)),PCM liquid fraction(γ)and heat flux across wall(q)as evaluation indexes,the indoor thermal comfort was assessed in hot summer and cold winter region.Results show that the Trombe wall helped PCMs complete the phase change process effectively.Trombe wall with PCM25 next to the wall inner surface possessed the lowest annual I_(D) and I_(DH),as 2877 h and 12,974℃·h,respectively.Compared with the values in a traditional building,the I_(D) and I_(DH) were reduced by 7.01% and 14.14%.In order to give full play to the heat storage and heat release of the Trombe wall with PCMs,PCMs with phase change temperature 7℃ lower than the peak ambient temperature in summer or 8℃ higher than the winter night temperature was recommended according to regional climate conditions.

关键词： Trombe wall phase change materials Integrated indoor discomfort duration Integrated discomfort degree-hour Liquid fraction

Advancements and challenges in enhancing salt hydrate phase change materials for building energy storage:Optimization methodologies and mechanisms

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National Science Open 2024年第3期3卷 146-193页

作者： Haibin Yang Yang Zou Hongzhi Cui Key Laboratory for Resilient Infrastructures of Coastal Cities (Ministry of Education) College of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen University

The application of phase change materials(PCMs) into buildings is a prospective method for mitigating energy consumption in the construction sector.Among the diverse PCM options,salt hydrate PCMs stand out for their superior thermal storage densities,adaptable operating temperature ranges,and cost-effectiveness,rendering them highly attractive for practical engineering applications.However,the utilization of salt hydrates has encountered obstacles,including pronounced supercooling,severe phase separation,and insufficient thermal conductivity,limiting their efficacy in energy storage solutions.In response to these challenges and in pursuit of rendering salt hydrates viable for building energy storage systems,substantial research has been conducted in recent years.This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the strategies devised to address the challenges associated with salt hydrate PCMs,and it also elucidates the corresponding optimization methodologies and bolstering mechanisms,providing a valuable resource for researchers in this field.

关键词： salt hydrates phase change materials supercooling degree phase separation thermal conductivity corrosion behavior

Bifunctional Liquid Metals Allow Electrical Insulating phase change materials to Dual-Mode Thermal Manage the Li-Ion Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 224-238页

作者： Cong Guo Lu He Yihang Yao Weizhi Lin Yongzheng Zhang Qin Zhang Kai Wu Qiang Fu College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094People’s Republic of China

phase change materials(PCMs)are expected to achieve dual-mode thermal management for heating and cooling Li-ion batteries(LIBs)according to real-time thermal conditions,guaranteeing the reliable operation of LIBs in both cold and hot environments.Herein,we report a liquid metal(LM)modified polyethylene glycol/LM/boron nitride PCM,capable of dual-mode thermal managing the LIBs through photothermal effect and passive thermal conduction.Its geometrical conformation and thermal pathways fabricated through ice-template strategy are conformable to the LIB’s structure and heat-conduction characteristic.Typically,soft and deformable LMs are modified on the boron nitride surface,serving as thermal bridges to reduce the contact thermal resistance among adjacent fillers to realize high thermal conductivity of 8.8 and 7.6 W m^(−1) K^(−1) in the vertical and in-plane directions,respectively.In addition,LM with excellent photothermal performance provides the PCM with efficient battery heating capability if employing a controllable lighting system.As a proof-of-concept,this PCM is manifested to heat battery to an appropriate temperature range in a cold environment and lower the working temperature of the LIBs by more than 10℃ at high charging/discharging rate,opening opportunities for LIBs with durable working performance and evitable risk of thermal runaway.

关键词： phase change materials Liquid metal Thermal conductivity Photothermal conversion Battery thermal management

The regulation mechanism and heat transfer enhancement of composite mixed paraffin and copper foam phase change materials

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 2346-2360页

作者： YANG HanXue ZHANG GuanHua DOU BinLin CUI GuoMin YAN XiaoYu LU Wei WANG ZiLong School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwall TR109FEUK

phase change materials(PCMs)have remarkable energy storage capacity and promising applications in the field of thermal control of electronic products.The problem of thermal property improvement and heat transfer of PCMs in metal-foam heatsinks is an important task for thermal management of electronic components.Mixed paraffin samples were prepared by mixing appropriate proportions of paraffin(mass)at various temperatures.Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that the maximum enthalpy of 206.3 J/g is obtained by mixing 20%of 17°C liquid paraffin and 80%of 29℃ solid paraffin.Heating and cooling cycling tests revealed that mixed paraffin exhibits excellent thermal stability and that the regulation method marginally affects thermal stability.Moreover,composites were prepared by embedding PCM into a copper foam by melt impregnation.The thermal conductivity of the composites increased to 4.35 W/(m K),corresponding to 20 times its original value.In addition,density functional theory and experimental results were in good agreement,indicating that the regulation method is practical and effective.

关键词： phase change materials regulation mechanism temperature dependence thermal conductivity heat transfer enhancement

Mica-stabilized polyethylene glycol composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2022年第1期29卷 168-176页

作者： Dongyao Zhang Chuanchang Li Niangzhi Lin Baoshan Xie Jian Chen School of Energy and Power Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China

Mica was used as a supporting matrix for composite phase change materials(PCMs)in this work because of its distinctive morphology and structure.Composite PCMs were prepared using the vacuum impregnation method,in which mica served as the supporting material and polyethylene glycol(PEG)served as the PCM.Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the addition of PEG had no effect on the crystal structure of mica.Moreover,no chemical reaction occurred between PEG and mica during the vacuum impregnation process,and no new substance was formed.The maximum load of mica-stabilized PEG was 46.24%,the phase change temperature of M_(400)/PEG was 46.03℃,and the latent heat values of melting and cooling were 77.75 and 77.73 J·g^(−1),respectively.The thermal conductivity of M_(400)/PEG was 2.4 times that of pure PEG.The thermal infrared images indicated that the thermal response of M_(400)/PEG improved relative to that of pure PEG.The leakage test confirmed that mica could stabilize PEG and that M_(400)/PEG had great form-stabilized property.These results demonstrate that M_(400)/PEG has potential in the field of building energy conservation.

关键词： mica polyethylene glycol phase change materials thermal energy storage

Spatiotemporal phase change materials for thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第5期80卷 228-236,I0006页

作者： Yangeng Li Yan Kou Keyan Sun Jie Chen Chengxin Deng Chaohe Fang Quan Shi Thermochemistry Laboratory Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Thermochemistry for Energy and MaterialsDalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Petroleum Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical UniversityFushun 113000LiaoningChina CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Bejing 100083China

phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted much attention in the field of solar thermal utilization recently,due to their outstanding thermal energy storage performance.However,PCMs usually release their stored latent heat spontaneously as the temperature below the phase transition temperature,rendering thermal energy storage and release uncontrollable,thus hindering their practical application in time and space.Herein,we developed erythritol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose/tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(ERY/CMC/EDTA-4Na)composite PCMs with novel spatiotemporal thermal energy storage properties,defined as spatiotemporal PCMs(STPCMs),which exhibit the capacity of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release.Our results show that the composite PCMs are unable to lose latent heat due to spontaneous crystallization during cooling,but can controllably release thermal energy through cold crystallization during reheating.The cold-crystallization temperature and enthalpy of composite PCMs can be adjusted by proportional addition of EDTA-4Na to the composite.When the mass fractions of CMC and EDTA-4Na are both 10%,the composite PCMs can exhibit the optical coldcrystallization temperature of 51.7℃ and enthalpy of 178.1 J/g.The supercooled composite PCMs without latent heat release can be maintained at room temperature(10-25℃)for up to more than two months,and subsequently the stored latent heat can be controllably released by means of thermal triggering or heterogeneous nucleation.Our findings provide novel insights into the design and construction of new PCMs with spatiotemporal performance of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release,and consequently open a new door for the development of advanced solar thermal utilization techniques on the basis of STPCMs.

关键词： phase change materials Long-term thermal storage Controllable release Erythritol