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Lithofacies palaeogeography as a guide to petroleum exploration

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第2期2卷 109-126页

作者： Feng Zengzhao Bao Hongping Jia Jinhua Wang Yigang Deng Xiuqin China University of petroleum(Beijing) Research Institute of exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Research Institute of exploration and Development PetroChina Southwestern Oilfield Company

Lithofacies palaeogeography as a guide to petroleum exploration is a very important *** using the following five exploration examples,this paper discusses the guide of lithofacies palaeogeography or of sedimentary facies to petroleum *** examples include the dolostone of the Lower Ordovician Majiagou Formation 5 in the Ordos area,the Donghe Sandstone of the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous in the Tarim Basin,the reef of the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in the Sichuan Basin,the oolitic bank of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Sichuan Basin,and the lacustrine delta sediments and gravity flow sediments of the Middle and Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin.

关键词： lithofacies palaeogeography sedimentary facies petroleum exploration guide

Quantitative Estimation of Experts’Judgments on petroleum exploration

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 1997年第4期8卷 61-66页

作者： Zhang Zaixu University of petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257062, P. R. China University of petroleum Dongying Shandong 257062 P. R. China

A new method in making judgment matrix is proposed based on a basic value of “importance” and a relative measure level of “importance”. Factors affecting petroleum exploration are analyzed and Experts’ judgment matrix on a geologic formation is given. Expected value of each factor is computed and the volume of recoverable oil is estimated.

关键词： Judgment matrix Analytic hierarchy process petroleum exploration Quantitative estimation Expected value.

Geological structures and potential petroleum exploration areas in the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt, SW China

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petroleum exploration and Development 2020年第4期47卷 699-713页

作者： CHEN Zhuxin WANG Lining YANG Guang ZHANG Benjian YING Danlin YUAN Baoguo PEI Senqi LI Wei Research Institute of petroleum exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Basin Structure&Hydrocarbon Accumulation CNPCBeijing 100083China Research Institute of petroleum exploration&Development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu 610041China Northwest of Sichuan Gas Production District PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyJiangyou 621700China

Based on the latest geological,seismic,drilling and outcrop data,we studied the geological structure,tectonic evolution history and deformation process of the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt to find out the potential hydrocarbon exploration areas in deep *** key tectonic periods,the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt developed some characteristic strata and structural deformation features,including the Pre-Sinian multi-row N-S strike rifts,step-shaped platform-margin structures of Sinian Dengying Formation,the western paleo-uplift in the early stage of Late Paleozoic,the Late Paleozoic–Middle Triassic carbonate platform,foreland slope and forebulge during Late Triassic to Cretaceous,and Cenozoic multi-strike rejuvenated fold-thrusting *** fold-thrust belt vertically shows a double-layer structural deformation controlled by the salt layer in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation and the base detachment layer at *** upper deformation layer develops the NE-SW strike thrusts propagating toward basin in long distance,while the deeper deformation layer had near north-south strike basement-involved folds,which deformed the detachment and thrusting structures formed earlier in the upper layer,with the deformation strength high in south part and weak in north *** southern part of the fold-thrust belt is characterized by basement-involved fold-thrusts formed late,while the central-northern part is dominated by thin-skin thrusts in the shallow *** Wuzhongshan anticlinal belt near piedmont is characterized by over-thrust structure above the salt detachment,where the upper over-thrusting nappe consists of a complicated fold core and front limb of a fault-bend fold,while the deep layer has stable subtle in-situ *** exploration strata and areas have been identified both in the upper and deeper deformation layers separated by regional salt detachment,wherein multiple anticlinal structures are targets for exploration

关键词： eastern Tibet Plateau Sichuan Basin deep geological structure fold-thrust belt structural deformation petroleum exploration

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Hierarchical delineation and multivariate statistical discrimination of chemozones of the Cauvery Basin,south India:Implications on spatio-temporal scales of stratigraphic correlation

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 435-447页

作者： RAMKUMAR Mu. BERNER Z. STBEN D. Department of Geology Periyar University Institute of Palaeoenvironment University of Erlangen-Nuernberg Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry University of Karlsruhe

Success in locating oil pools in the Cauvery Basin,south India had been found to be based on the ability to delineate precisely the stratigraphic traps resulting from frequent sea level ***,recognition and delineation of them in terms of depositional units through conventional stratigraphic methods have been elusive owing to the limitations of such methods and lack of unified stratigraphic markers that could be traced at regional and basinal *** paper attempts to recognize depositional units in terms of chemozones,chronologic and lithostratigraphic units by assigning distinct geochemical *** signatures were assigned through hierarchical delineation and discriminant function *** is observed that individual depositional units could be recognized statistically with whole-rock geochemical *** strata under study show two second order chemozones comprising six major chemozones that in turn correspond to third order sea level cycles and minor chemozones at the scale of fourth order and/or further shorter sea level *** geochemical signatures showed 100% distinctness between sample populations categorized according to chronostratigraphy and *** durations of these stratigraphic units range from 18 million years to less than a million years and indicate distinct geochemical compositional change at different time *** implication and also due to the close correspondence between sea level variations reported from this basin and global sea level cycles,it is suggested that recognition and correlation of individual depositional units with distal counterparts could be made *** of these results is that stratigraphic units,at varying scales either temporally or spatially,could be assigned with unique geochemical signature,with which accurate prediction and correlation of similar units elsewhere is possible with measurable accuracy.

关键词： Chemostratigraphy statistical discrimination petroleum exploration stratigraphic correlation

Genetic pattern of belt-wide petroliferous phenomenon in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin and its practical application

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petroleum Science 2014年第1期11卷 1-13页

作者： Shi Hesheng Dai Yiding Liu Lihua Shu Yu Mei Lianfu CNOOC China Limited–Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tectonics and petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences

The Pearl River Mouth Basin （PRMB） covers an area of approximately 20× 104 ***,oil-gas fields detected in this area thus far are highly concentrated and controlled predominantly by second-order structural belts,the seven largest of which aggregate proved oil reserves of 7.7× 108 m3,accounting for 86％ of the total discovered reserve in the *** second-order structures have one common phenomenon：oil is contained in all traps present in *** other words,they are all belt-wide petroliferous *** has identified eight types of second-order structural belts under two categories in the eastern *** petroliferous properties are subject to three typical constraints：petroliferous properties of subsags hosting these structural belts,locations of these belts in the petroleum system,and availability of traps prior to the hydrocarbon expulsion and *** formation and distribution of oil reservoirs in these belts are characterized by subsag-belt integration and ＂three-in-one＂.The former indicates that sags and the second-order structural belts within the supply range of the sags constitute the basic units of hydrocarbon accumulations and are therefore *** latter indicates that a belt-wide petroliferous second-order structural belt always contains three important elements：hydrocarbon richness,effective pathway and pre-existing traps.

关键词： Pearl River Mouth Basin belt-wide petroliferous phenomenon second-order structural belt petroleum exploration

petroleum geology features and research developments of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep petroliferous basins

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petroleum Science 2015年第1期12卷 1-53页

作者： Xiong-Qi Pang Cheng-Zao Jia Wen-Yang Wang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Petro China Company Limited Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development

As petroleum exploration advances and as most of the oil-gas reservoirs in shallow layers have been explored, petroleum exploration starts to move toward deep basins, which has become an inevitable choice. In this paper, the petroleum geology features and research progress on oil-gas reservoirs in deep petroliferous basins across the world are characterized by using the latest results of worldwide deep petroleum exploration. Research has demonstrated that the deep petroleum shows ten major geological features. （1） While oil-gas reservoirs have been discovered in many different types of deep petroliferous basins, most have been discovered in low heat flux deep basins. （2） Many types of petroliferous traps are developed in deep basins, and tight oil-gas reservoirs in deep basin traps are arousing increasing attention. （3） Deep petroleum normally has more natural gas than liquid oil, and the natural gas ratio increases with the burial depth. （4） The residual organic matter in deep source rocks reduces but the hydrocarbon expulsion rate and efficiency increase with the burial depth. （5） There are many types of rocks in deep hydrocarbon reservoirs, and most are clastic rocks and carbonates. （6） The age of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs is widely different, but those recently discovered are pre- dominantly Paleogene and Upper Paleozoic. （7） The porosity and permeability of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs differ widely, but they vary in a regular way with lithology and burial depth. （8） The temperatures of deep oil-gas reservoirs are widely different, but they typically vary with the burial depth and basin geothermal gradient. （9） The pressures of deep oil-gas reservoirs differ significantly, but they typically vary with burial depth, genesis, and evolu- tion period. （10） Deep oil-gas reservoirs may exist with or without a cap, and those without a cap are typically of unconventional genesis. Over the past decade, six major steps have been made in the understanding of deep hydroca

关键词： Petroliferous basin Deep petroleum geology features Hydrocarbon accumulation petroleum exploration petroleum resources

Bacteria as indicators for finding oil and gas reservoirs:A case study of the Bikaner-Nagaur Basin,Rajasthan,India

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petroleum Science 2011年第3期8卷 264-268页

作者： Mohammed Abdul Rasheed Mutnuri Lakshmi Deshoju Srinu Anurodh Mohan Dayal Microbiology Laboratory Petroleum Geochemistry DivisionNational Geophysical Research InstituteCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)Uppal RoadHyderabad-500606India

Geo-microbial prospecting for hydrocarbons is an exploration method based on the seepage of light gaseous hydrocarbons from oil/gas reservoirs to the surface and their utilization by hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria. These bacteria utilize hydrocarbon gases as their sole source of food and are found to be enriched in the near surface soils/sediments above the oil and gas reservoirs. The detection of anomalous populations of n-pentane and n-hexane oxidizing bacteria in the surface soils can help to evaluate the prospects for hydrocarbon exploration. A geo-microbial survey has been carried out in the Bikaner Nagaur basin to investigate the prospects for hydrocarbon exploration. In the present study, bacterial counts for n-pentane utilizing bacteria range between 2.0× 10^2 and 1.26× 10^6 cfu/gm and n-hexane utilizing bacteria range between 2.0× 10^2 and 1.21 × 10^6 cfu/gm. The bacterial concentration distribution maps show four distinct anomalies in the study area. The possibility of discovering oil or gas reservoirs using the microbiological method is emphasized by the tact that the hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria range between 103 and 106 cfu/gm in soil/sediment receiving hydrocarbon micro-seepages. In the present study area of the Bikaner Nagaur basin, n-pentane and n-hexane utilizing bacteria are found between 105 and 106 cfu/gm of soil sample, which is significant and thereby substantiates the seepage of lighter hydrocarbon accumulations from oil and gas reservoirs. Geo-microbial prospecting studies suggest that hydrocarbon micro-seepage of subsurface origin is present in the study area and indicate that the area has positive prospects for petroleum exploration.

关键词： Hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria microbial prospecting micro-seepage petroleum exploration

Discovery of lacustrine shale deposits in the Yanshan Orogenic Belt,China: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 326-353页

作者： Yuanfu Zhang Xiaodong Yuan Min Wang Pengcheng Ge Yancui Huo Jie Xu Jianguo Zhang Jian Cheng Zaixing Jiang School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Institute of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China PetroChina Research Institute of petroleum exploration&Development Beijing 100083China School of Ocean Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Wuxi Branch of SINOPEC petroleum exploration&Production Research Institute WuxiJiangsu 214126China

The mechanism of formation of lacustrine deposits within stable orogenic belts and their potential for shale oil and gas exploration are frontier themes of challenge in the fields of sedimentology and petroleum exploration. Orogenic belts witness strong tectonic activities and normally cannot host stable lacustrine basins and deep shale formations. Therefore, basins in orogenic belts are considered to have no potential to form shale hydrocarbon reservoirs. Here we investigate the Luanping Basin located in the Yanshan orogenic belt where previous studies regarded rivers and fan deltas as the major main Mesozoic deposits. Based on detailed field exploration and scientific drilling, we report the finding of a large number of lacustrine shale continental deep-water deposits in the Mesozoic strata. Our finding of the occurrence of active shale oil and gas also in this basin also subvert the previous *** report SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age that define the bottom boundary of the target interval as 127.6 ± 1.7 Ma belonging to the early Cretaceous strata. Tectonics and climate are considered to be the main factors that controlled the deep-water sedimentation during this period. The drill cores revealed evidence of shale gas and the TOC of shale is 0.33%–3.60%, with an average value of 1.39% and Ro is 0.84%–1.21%, with an average value of 1.002%. The brittleness index of shale is between 52.7% and 100%. After vertical well fracturing, the daily gas production is more than 1000 m^(3). Our findings show that the basin has considerable potential for shale oil and gas. The geological resources of the shale gas in the Xiguayuan Fm. are estimated as 1110.12 × 10^(8) m^(3), with shale oil geological resources of 3340.152 × 10^(4) t. Our findings indicate that the Yanshan orogenic belt has potential exploration prospect. This work not only redefines the Luanping Basin as a rift deep-water Mesozoic Lake Basin, but also rules out the previous notion that the basin is dominated by

关键词： Luanping Basin Deep-water sedimentation Drill core data Lacustrine deposits petroleum exploration

Application of geo-microbial prospecting method for finding oil and gas reservoirs

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第1期9卷 40-50页

作者： M. A. Rasheed Syed Zaheer Hasan P. L. Srinivasa Rao Annapurna Boruah V.Sudarshan B. Kumar T. Harinarayana petroleum Research Wing Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute (GERMI) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382007 India Department of Applied Geochemistry Osnlaina University Hyderabad 500007India

Microbial prospecting of hydrocarbons is based on the detection of anomalous population of hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria in the surface soils, indicates the presence of subsurface oil and gas accumulation. The technique is based on the seepage of light hydrocarbon gases such as C1-C4 from the oil and gas pools to the shallow surface that provide the suitable conditions for the development of highly specialized bacterial population. These bacteria utilize hydrocarbon gases as their only food source and are found enriched in the near surface soils above the hydrocarbon bearing structures. The methodology involves the collection of soil samples from the survey area, packing, preservation and storage of samples in pre-sterilized sample bags trader aseptic and cold conditions till analysis and isolation and enumeration of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane oxidizers. The contour maps for the population density of hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria are drawn and the data can be integrated with geological, geochemical, geophysical methods to evaluate the hydrocarbon prospect of an area and to prioritize the drilling locations thereby reducing the drilling risks and achieve higher success in petroleum exploration. Microbial Prospecting for Oil and Gas （MPOG） method success rate has been reported to be 90%. The paper presents details of microbial prospecting for oil and gas studies, excellent methodology, future development trends, scope, results of study area, case studies and advantages.

关键词： hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria microbial prospecting micro-seepage petroleum exploration