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Atrazine removal from water by activated charcoal cloths

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第2期8卷 205-212页

作者： Javier M.Gonzalez Lynnette R.Murphy Chad J.Penn Veera M.Boddu Laura L.Sanders National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory USDA-ARSWest LafayetteIN47907USA Earth Science Department Northeastern Illinois UniversityChicagoIL60625USA O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs University of IndianaBloomingtonIN47405USA Plant Polymer Research Unit National Center for Agriculture Utilization ResearchUSDA-ARSPeoriaIL61604USA

Pollution control structures may be adapted to enhance the removal of nutrients and pesticides from water. Charcoal-like material is known to sorb organic compounds in solution, including atrazine, a herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds, which persists in soils and can migrate from soils to water bodies, ultimately affecting water quality. The primary goal of this study was to investigate if activated charcoal cloths (single-weave, SW;double-weave, DW;and knitted, KT) are more efficient to remove atrazine from aqueous solutions than a cloth without activated charcoal (control) currently used in pollution control structures. The approach consisted of sorption kinetics, flow-through, and desorption/degradation experiments using 50 and 1000μg L-1 atrazine solutions. Results showed that within 30 min of contact time, the control sorbed from 22.6 to 36.1% of atrazine in solution;whereas the activated charcoal cloths sorbed from 76 to 99% of atrazine in solution (SW > KT > DW). The flow-through ex-periments showed that the SW sorbed 88.2, 76.1, and 52.2%of atrazine at the contact time of 0.75, 5, and 10 min, respectively. After 28 days of incubation, previously sorbed atrazine on the SW cloth did not degrade and <2.0% was desorbed. The results showed that activated charcoal cloths are a practical alternative for improving atrazine removal in water in pollution control structures.

关键词： Atrazine Activated charcoal Water quality pesticide Cloth

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Sorption and Leaching Potential of Isoproturon and Atrazine in Low Organic Carbon Soil of Pakistan Under a Wheat-Maize Rotation

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 687-698页

作者： Muhammad TAHIR Anwar Ul HASSAN Saliha MAQBOOL Brian BARBER William C.KOSKINEN PENG Xinhua David J.MULLA State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) Institute of Soil&Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture FaisalabadPunjab 38000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management Research Laboratory St.Paul MN 55108-6089(USA) Department of Soil Water&ClimateUniversity of MinnesotaTwin Cities MN 55108-6089(USA)

pesticide leaching is a great threat in low organic carbon soils when subjected to improper irrigation *** data are available on the sorption and leaching potential of pesticides in agricultural soils of Pakistan with low soil organic carbon(SOC).Lysimeter and field studies were conducted with and without manure application at two irrigation levels in a wheat-fallowmaize rotation in Faisalabad,Punjab,*** was applied to wheat 55 d after sowing at 1 kg active ingredient(a.i.)ha^(-1),while atrazine was sprayed on maize 30 d after sowing at 0.774 kg ***^(-1).Soil was sampled from three depths(0-35,35-70,and 70-110 cm) for the field study and four depths(0-35,35-70,70-115,and 115-160 cm) for the lysimeter study,280 and 65 d after application of isoproturon and atrazine,*** soil-water partition coefficients(K_d) of isoproturon and atrazine ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 and 0.4 to 1.5 L kg^(-1),respectively,and increased linearly with increase in SOC *** organic carbon-normalized soil-water partition coefficient(K_(oc)) of isoproturon and atrazine averaged 246.1 and 184.9 L kg^(-1),respectively,being higher with low spiking *** residues measured 280 d after application ranged from 2.1% to 3.6% of the applied mass in the lysimeter study and from 1.5% to 3.1% under field *** residues 65 d after application ranged from only 0.62% to 0.78% and from 0.88% to 0.82% in the lysimeter and field studies,*** lowest levels of residues for both pesticides were observed with frequent irrigation applied to manure-amended soil.A pesticide leaching risk screening tool,the ground water ubiquity score(GUS),indicated that in the absence of manure under both irrigation levels,isoproturon has a leaching potential(GUS = 2.8),while with the application of manure it has a very low leaching *** GUS ranged from 1.7 to 1.9,indicating a very low risk of leaching.

关键词： concentration dependent sorption irrigation manure leaching risk assessment pesticide

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Electrochemical detection of methyl-paraoxon based on bifunctional cerium oxide nanozyme with catalytic activity and signal amplification effect

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第5期11卷 653-660页

作者： Yuzhou Sun Jinchao Wei Jian Zou Zehua Cheng Zhongming Huang Liqiang Gu Zhangfeng Zhong Shengliang Li Yitao Wang Peng Li State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao999078China Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Natural Products College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs ResearchGuangzhou510632China Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films(COSDAF)and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China

A new electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticide(methyl-paraoxon)detection based on bifunctional cerium oxide(CeO_(2))nanozyme is here reported for the first ***-paraoxon was degraded into p-nitrophenol by using CeO_(2) with phosphatase mimicking *** CeO_(2) nanozymemodified electrode was then synthesized to detect *** voltammetry was applied to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode,which indicates that the signal enhancement effect may attribute to the coating of CeO_(2) *** current research also studied and discussed the main parameters affecting the analytical signal,including accumulation potential,accumulation time,and *** the optimum conditions,the present method provided a wider linear range from 0.1 to 100 mmol/L for methyl-paraoxon with a detection limit of 0.06 mmol/*** validate the proof of concept,the electrochemical sensor was then successfully applied for the determination of methyl-paraoxon in three herb samples,i.e.,Coix lacryma-jobi,Adenophora stricta and Semen *** findings may provide new insights into the application of bifunctional nanozyme in electrochemical detection of organophosphorus pesticide.

关键词： Chinese medicine Nanozyme Organophosphorus pesticide Methyl-paraoxon Electroanalysis

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Glyphosate Dissipation in Different Soils Under No-Till and Conventional Tillage

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Pedosphere 2019年第6期29卷 773-783页

作者： Elena OKADA JoséLuis COSTA Francisco BEDMAR Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Balcarce 7620(Argentina Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA)Balcarce 7620(Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataBalcarce 7620(Argentina

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in Argentina, accounting for 62% of the commercialized pesticides on the market. It is used as a weed controller in no-till systems, and it is also applied to various genetically modified crops ( e.g., soybean, corn, and cotton). Although it has a high solubility in water, it tends to adsorb and accumulate in agricultural soils. The main objectives of this work were to compare the dissipation of glyphosate and the accumulation of its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) over time in three soils from agricultural areas of Argentina under long-term management with no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) practices. There were no differences in dissipation between NT and CT, indicating that the glyphosate-degrading microflora was not modified by the different tillage managements. Moreover, tillage practices did not alter the general soil properties;therefore, glyphosate bioavailability was not affected by NT or CT practice. Forty percent of the applied glyphosate was degraded within the first three days in all soils, indicating a fast initial dissipation rate. However, the dissipation rate considerably decreased over time, and the degradation kinetics followed a bi-exponential (or two-compartment) kinetic model. No differences were found between tillage practices. Dissipation was not related to the microbial activity measured as soil respiration. The fast decrease in the concentration of glyphosate at the beginning of the dissipation study was not reflected in an increase in the concentration of AMPA. The estimated half-lives for glyphosate ranged between 9 and 38 d. However, glyphosate bioavailability decreases over time, as it is strongly adsorbed to the soil matrix. This increases its residence time, which may lead to its accumulation in agricultural soils.

关键词： Aminomethylphosphonic acid Bioavailability Biodegradation Herbicide Metabolite pesticide Two-compartment kinetic model

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Further Exploring Linear Concentration Addition and Independent Action for Predicting Non-interactive Mixture Toxicity

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2017年第6期36卷 886-896页

作者：覃礼堂张鑫莫凌云梁延鹏曾鸿鹄 College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology Guilin University of Technology Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area Guilin University of Technology

Since it is unrealistic to do an experimental mixture assessment on every possible combination, mathematical model plays an important role in predicting the mixture toxicity. The present study is devoted to the further application of linear concentration addition（CA）-based model（LCA） and independent action（IA）-based model（LIA） to predict the non-interactive mixture toxicity. The 26 mixtures including 312 data points were used to evaluate the predictive powers of LCA and LIA models. The models were internally validated using the leave-one-out cross-validation and y-randomization test, and the external validations were evaluated by the test tests. Both LCA and LIA models agree well with the experimental values for all mixture toxicity, and present high internally（R2 and Q2 〉 0.98） and externally（Q2F1, Q2F2, and Q2F3 〉 0.99） predictive power. The use of LCA and LIA led to improved predictions compared to the estimates based on the CA and IA models. Both LCA and LIA were found to be appropriate methods for modeling toxicity of non-interactive chemical mixtures.

关键词： mixture toxicity simple linear regression concentration addition independent action pesticide

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Influence of pyrolysis temperature on rice straw biochar properties and corresponding effects on dynamic changes in bispyribac-sodium adsorption and leaching behavior in soil

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Pedosphere 2023年第3期33卷 463-478页

作者： Pervinder KAUR Neha SHARMA Khushwinder KAUR Department of Agronomy Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004(India) Department of Chemistry Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004(India) Department of Chemistry Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014(India)

Bispyribac-sodium is a weakly acidic herbicide with high water solubility and is thus a potential source of groundwater *** the risk inherent to the use of this herbicide,this study assessed the impacts of rice straw(RS)and biochar amendments on the adsorption and leaching behavior of bispyribac-sodium in *** were produced from RS at different pyrolysis temperatures and characterized using various spectral *** straw had a surface area of 3.996×10^(4)m^(2)kg^(-1),which increased under pyrolysis;biochars prepared at 350 and 550℃(RS350 and RS550)in a closed furnace with limited oxygen supply had a surface area of 5.763×10^(4)and 6.890×10^(4)m^(2)kg^(-1),respectively,and biochar prepared by purging the pyroformer with N2(RSC)had the highest surface area of 12.173×10^(4)m^(2)kg^(-1).After amendment with RS and biochar,soil Freundlich adsorption capacity(KF ads)increased to varying extents in the order RSC>RS350>RS550,from 2.89×10^(3)to 29.57×10^(3)mg^(1-1)/nkg^(-1)L1/n,compared to1.55×10^(3)mg^(1-1)/nkg^(-1)L1/nin unamended *** variability in KF ads of bispyribac-sodium amongst the RS-and biochar-amended soils was dependent on the surface area of the *** desorption of bispyribac-sodium decreased in the RS-and biochar-amended soils and varied from90.45%to 95.20%in unamended soils and from 60.95%to 89.50%in amended *** adsorption and desorption of bispyribac-sodium varied significantly depending on its concentration and the type and application rate of soil *** leaching risk evaluation indices,viz.,modified leach index(***),leach index(LEACH),groundwater ubiquity score(GUS),Hornsby index(HI),leaching index(LIN),and pesticide leaching potential(PLP)index,were used to assess the susceptibility of groundwater to herbicide *** reduce the repetitive effects of common parameters in each index,a new index was developed by employing principal component analysis(PCA)to condense their infor

关键词： desorption Freundlich model groundwater contamination leaching potential leaching risk evaluation index pesticide soil amendment Temkin isotherm

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Isolation and Characterization of Penicillium oxalicum ZHJ6 for Biodegradation of Methamidophos

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第5期9卷 695-703页

作者： ZHAO Ren-bang BAO Hua-ying LIU Yuan-xia College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R.China Faculty of Food Science and Technology Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 P.R.China

One methamidophos-degrading fungus strain, named as ZHJ6, was isolated from the soils contaminated with methamidophos. It was identified as Penicillium oxalicum based on its morphological characteristics and ITS rDNA gene sequence analysis. The effects of carbon source, nitrogen source and the concentration of methamidophos, temperature and pH on the degradation were investigated. The results showed that the strain could use glucose as carbon source and the methamidophos as sole nitrogen source. The degradation ratio of methamidophos, when the initial concentration was 1.0× 10^-3 mg mL^-1, could reach above 99.9% in 12 incubation days. The strain could use ethanol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, starch, and dextrin as its carbon and energy source to degrade the methamidophos. The favorable degrading condition of the strain ZHJ6 was in a mineral salt medium at pH 5.0 and 25℃ with 1% glucose, and further studies showed that the strain could degrade folimat, phoxim and glyphosate with glucose as carbon source, but could not degrade chlorpyrifos, phosdrin, trichlorphon, and dichlorvos.

关键词： fungus biodegradation methamidophos Penicillium oxalicum pesticide remediation

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Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate to the Ciliate Urostyla grandis, with Notes on Their Effects on Cell Ultrastructure

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第3期17卷 697-704页

作者： MU Weijie WARREN Alan PAN Xuming YING Chen College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal University Department of Life Sciences Natural History MuseumLondon

Chlorpyrifos and dimethoate are overused agricultural pesticides that can trigger trophic cascades, resulting in toxicity to both terrestrial and aquatic organisms as well as altered ecosystems. In previous studies, substantial attention has been given to the effects of pesticides on vertebrate species and, to a lesser extent, species of zooplankton. The present study was designed to show that the fission time effective concentration in ciliates is a potential aquatic detection index for environmental monitoring. The ciliate Urostyla grandis was treated with doses of chlorpyrifos and dimethoate. After exposed to the pesticides, the LC_(50)(i.e., concentration that killed 50% of the ciliate cells within 24 h) values were 0.029 mg L^(-1) for chlorpyrifos and 0.0685 mg L^(-1) for dimethoate. The fission time effective concentrations after 168 h of exposure were 0.0075–0.0093 mg L^(-1) for chlorpyrifos and 0.2640–0.2750 mg L^(-1) for dimethoate. These results show that the fission time effective concentration is lower than the LC_(50) value in ciliates, indicating that fission time effective concentration is more suitable than the LC_(50) value for environmental monitoring using ciliates. The effects of chlorpyrifos and dimethoate on ciliate cell ultrastructures included agglutination of chromatin in the macronucleus, protruded and discontinuous macronuclear and micronuclear membranes, loss of integrity of mitochondrial membranes and contents, and abscission and deformation of the adoral zone of membranelles.

关键词： ciliate fission time effective concentration LC50 pesticide ultrastructure

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An enrichment device of silica-based monolithic material and its application to determine micro-carbaryl by NIRS

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第4期20卷 469-472页

作者： Yi Ping Du Xue Mei Wei Hong Ping Xie Zi Xia Huang Juan Juan Fang Center of Analysis and Test East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China School of Medicine Suzhou University Suzhou 215123 China

Silica-based monolithic column material was synthesized and an enrichment device was fabricated with the material by assembling the material inside a glass column. The enrichment device was applied for the determination of micro-carbaryl with near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）. The aqueous solutions of carbaryl passed through the device and the carbaryl was enriched on the surface of the material where diffuse reflection NIR spectra were measured. These procedures of enrichment and measurement ensured to concentrate analytes for the measurement, so that the sensitivity of determination of MRS could be improved. NIR spectra of carbaryl solutions （0.01-1.00μg mL^-1）, measured after the application of the enrichment device, were pretreated with multiplicative scatter correction （MSC） and regressed against the concentrations of the carbaryl solutions with partial least squares （PLS） method. The results showed that the minimum value of root-mean-square error of prediction （RMSEP） was 0.1771 μg mL^-1 when the number of latent variables was 3 of PLS regression. Therefore, the number of latent variables 3 was selected as the optimum value. RMSEP was not very low but acceptable considering that NIRS is commonly used in macro amount analysis and it is quite difficult for NIRS to determine micro amount analytes, especially, less than 1 μg mL^-1.

关键词： Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) pesticide Monolithic column Enrichment

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Efficiency of a Grass Buffer Strip for Limiting Diuron Losses from an Uphill Vineyard Towards Surface and Subsurface Waters

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 580-592页

作者： J.-G. LACAS N. CARLUER M. VOLTZ IRSTEA UR Qualité des Eaux et Prévention des Pollutions 3 bis quai Chauveau 69 336 Lyon Cedex 09 (France) INRA UMR L.I.S.A.H. INRA-IRD-SupAgro 2 place Viala 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1 (France)

Grass buffer strips limit the transfer of pesticides from cultivated fields to rivers. These solutions are generally efficient at reducing polluted surface flows, mainly by infiltration of the soil, raising the question of the fate of the infiltrated pollutants. An environmental evaluation was conducted on the efficiency of a grass strip receiving diuron-contaminated water from an uphill vineyard in France. During two runoff events, the following measurements were taken: surface inflow and outflow with Venturi flumes, vertical percolated flow below the root layer (0-50 cm), and variations in water and solute content of the root layer. One runoff event occurred under natural rainfall conditions, while the other runoff event was artificially provoked with water doped by diuron and bromide. For the natural runoff event, representative of medium intensity events, 94% of the diuron was retained in the root layer, whereas 2% left the grass strip by surface runoff and 4% left the grass strip in the water percolating under the root zone. For the artificial event, representative of intense runoff events, more than half of the incoming diuron was retained by the grass strip, whereas 24% and 18% of it were transferred by surface runoff and percolation, respectively. These results showed that the capacity of the root layer to retain diuron was highly significant despite a large percolation flux. However, for large runoff events, surface and subsurface losses can still be considerable, up to 40% of the pesticide load entering the strip.

关键词： infiltration percolation pesticide sorption surface runoff

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