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Linkage between permafrost distribution and river runoff changes across the Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau

Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第2期63卷 292-302页

作者： Chunlin SONG Genxu WANG Tianxu MAO Junchen DAI Daqing YANG Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Forestry Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China National hydrology Research Centre Environment CanadaSaskatoon SK S7N 3H5Canada

River runoff in the Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau(TP) change significantly in recent decades. However, the mechanisms of the physical processes of permafrost river runoff change remain uncertain across large scale. This study investigated the mainstreams and tributaries of main Arctic and TP rivers dominated by permafrost and assessed the linkage between hydrological regime change and permafrost. The results show that the effects of permafrost on river runoff are highly dependent on the permafrost coverage of a watershed. For the past decades, the majority of the Arctic and TP basins showed increased discharge, while all of the studied basins showed increased baseflow, with faster increasing speed than total *** total discharge and baseflow annual change rate(ΔQ and ΔBF) increased with permafrost coverage, indicating the increments of streamflow are enhanced with high permafrost coverage. Meanwhile, the annual change of precipitation showed weak connection with total discharge and baseflow change. The high permafrost coverage basins showed high annual maximum/minimum discharge ratio(Qmax/Qmin), while the Qmax/Qminchanged slightly in low permafrost cover basins. Our results highlight the importance of permafrost coverage on streamflow regime change for permafrost basins across the northern hemisphere. Due to these linkage between permafrost extent and runoff regime change and the increasing changes of permafrost, more attention should be paid to the change of hydrological processes in permafrost-underlain basins.

关键词： permafrost hydrology Arctic rivers Tibetan Plateau rivers permafrost degradation Runoff change

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Active Lag Block Streams in the Chinese Tian Shan

Active Lag Block Streams in the Chinese Tian Shan

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Asian Conference on permafrost

作者： Stuart A.Harris Guodong Cheng Cui Zhijiu Department of Geography University of Calgary Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Department of Geography Peking University

Active lag block streams are forming today in the mountains of the Chinese Tian Shan above treeline near cold-based *** annual air temperatures are below-5.4℃while the mean annual precipitation exceeds 420 *** paper describes the three main types of situation in which they occur（drainage from a hanging valley,gullies on a steeply sloping valley wall,and in front of an end moraine）,together with their *** favoring their formation include continuous permafrost,sediments with abundant large blocks,incipient sorted patterned ground,a discontinuous vegetation cover,steep slopes,high precipitation and a fairly thick winter snow *** started,washing out of the finer interstitial material leaving behind the blocks will occur with every spring snow melt and heavy precipitation *** results are important since they appear to provide the first description of active lag block streams being *** block streams are rather common in many parts of the world,but their conditions of formation have been the subject of considerable debate in the absence of any known modern analogues.

关键词： Active lag block streams Tian Shan continuous permafrost sorted patterned ground end moraines permafrost hydrology

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