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The hydrothermal changes of permafrost active layer and their impact on summer rainfall-runoff processes in an alpine meadow watershed,northwest China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2022年第6期14卷 361-369页

作者： Jia Qin YongJian Ding TianDing Han YaPing Chang FaXiang Shi YanHui You State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

The freezing-thawing variation of permafrost active layer increases the complexity of rainfall-runoff processes in alpine river basins,Northwest China.And alpine meadow is the prominent ecosystem in these basins.This study selected a small alpine meadow watershed in the upper reaches of the Shule River Basin,China.We investigated alpine rainfall-runoff processes,as well as impacts of summer thaw depth of active layer,soil temperature and moisture variation on streamflow based on in-situ observations from July 2015 to December 2020.Some hydrologic parameters or indices were calculated using statistical methods,and impacts of permafrost change on river runoff were assessed using the variable infiltration capacity model(VIC).In the alpine meadow,surface soil(0–10 cm depth)of the active layer starts to freeze in mid-October each year,and begins to thaw in early April.Also,the deeper soil(70–80 cm depth)of the active layer starts to freeze in late October,and begins to thaw in late June.Moisture content in shallow soils fluctuates regularly,whereas deeper soils are more stable,and their response to rainstorms is negligible.During active layer thawing,the moisture content increases with soil depth.In the alpine meadow,vertical infiltration only occurred in soils up to 40 cm deep,and lateral flow occurred in0–20 and 60–80 cm deep soils at current rainfall intensity.Summer runoff ratios were 0.06–0.31,and runoff floods show lags of 9.5–23.0 h following the rainfall event in the study area.The freeze–thaw process also significantly impacts runoff regression coefficients,which were 0.0088–0.0654 per hour.Recession coefficient decrease negatively correlates with active layer thawing depth in summer and autumn.Alpine river basin permafrost can effectively increase peak discharge and reduce low flow.These findings are highly significant for rainfall–runoff conversion research in alpine areas of inland rivers.

关键词： Rainfall-runoff process Alpine meadow permafrost active layer Northwest China

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Hydrological effects of alpine permafrost in the headwaters of the Urumqi River,Tianshan Mountains

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第3期8卷 241-249页

作者： TianDing Han HongZheng Pu Peng Cheng KeQin Jiao State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Urumqi Meteorological Bureau UrumqL Xinjiang 830002China

Against the background of climate change, alpine permafrost active layers have shown a gradual thickening trend and the hydrothermal conditions have undergone significant changes in the Tianshan Mountains and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. At the ice-free cirque basins in the headwaters of the Urumqi River （hereafter referred to as the Ice-Free Cirque） in eastern Tianshan, China, the hydrological effects of the alpine permafrost active layers appear to have also exhibited sig- nificant changes recently. The increasing trend of local precipitation is clear in May and June. The onset of winter and spring snowmelt runoff clearly lags behind increases of air temperature, and the runoff peak appears near the beginning of the melting season, which results in the spring rtmoff increasing. In summer, runoff decreases strongly and the maximum runoff occurs earlier. In our analysis of meteorological and hydrologic data from 1959 to 2010, the runoffand precipitation changes are significantly correlated. In the initial stage of runoff, the runoff-producing process is mainly under the control of the soil water content and soil temperature in the 0-30 cm active layers. Spring precipitation and snowmelt water are mainly involved in the processes of infiltration and evaporation while some melt water infiltrates into the seasonal thawed layer and stays above the frozen layers. During the strong ablation period in summer, the runoff-generating process is mainly controlled by soil water content in the active layers deeper than 60 cm. In the active layer, precipitation and sea- sonal snowmelt water infiltrates, migrates, collects, and then forms runoff.

关键词： permafrost active layer air temperature precipitation runoff headwaters of the Urumqi River

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