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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第8期54卷 595-605页

作者： Astrid Wingler Emma Josefine Stangberg Triambak Saxena Rupal Mistry Research Department of Genetics Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Annual plants usually flower and set seed once before senescence results in the death of the whole plant （monocarpic senescence）. Leaf senescence also occurs in polycarpic perennials; even in ＂evergreen＂ species individual leaves senesce. In the annual model Arabidopsis thaliana sugars accumulate in the senescent leaves and senescence is accelerated by high sugar availability. Similar to A. thaliana, sugar contents increased with leaf age in the perennial Arabis alpina grown under warm conditions （22℃ day/18 night）. At 5℃, sugar contents in non-senescent leaves were higher than at a warm temperature, but dependent on the accession, either sugars did not accumulate or their contents decreased in old leaves. In A. alpina plants grown in their natural habitat in the Alps, sugar contents declined with leaf age. Growth at a cold temperature slightly delayed senescence in A. alpina. In both warm and cold conditions, an external glucose supply accelerated senescence, but natural variation was found in this response. In conclusion, sugar accumulation under warm conditions could accelerate leaf senescence in A. alpina plants, but genotype-specific responses and interactions with growth temperature are likely to influence senescence under natural conditions.

关键词： perennial polycarpic senescence sugar signaling.

Expanding the gene pool for soybean improvement with its wild relatives

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aBIOTECH 2022年第2期3卷 115-125页

作者： Yongbin Zhuang Xiaoming Li Junmei Hu Ran Xu Dajian Zhang Collge of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShangdong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018ShandongChina Crop Research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250131ShandongChina

Genetic diversity is a cornerstone of crop improvement,However,cultivated soybean(Glycine max)has undergone several genetic bottlenecks,including domestication in China,the introduction of landraces to other areas of the world and,latterly,selective breeding,leading to low genetic diversity the poses a major obstacle to soybean improvement.By contrast,there remains a relatively high level of genetic diversity in soybean's wild relatives,especially the perennial soybeans(Glycine subgenus Glycine),which could serve as potential gene pools for improving soybean cultivars.Wild soybeans are phylogenetically diversified and adapted to various habitats,harboring resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.Advances in genome and transcriptome sequencing enable alleles associated with desirable traits that were lost during domestication of soybean to be discovered in wild soybean.The collection and conservation of soybean wild relatives and the dissection of their genomic features will accelerate soybean breeding and facilitate sustainable agriculture and food production.

关键词： Wild relatives Breeding Glycine soja Glycine max Glycine perennial

Harnessing perennial and indeterminant growth habits for ratoon cotton(Gossypium spp.)cropping

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 354-366,353页

作者： Xin Zhang Xiangjun Kong Ruiyang Zhou Zhiyong Zhang Jinbao Zhang Linsong Wang Qinglian Wang Postdocotoral Research Base Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological BreedingHenan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiangChina Biological Postdoctoral Research Station Henan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina College of Agronomy Guangxi UniversityNanningGuangxiChina

Ratoon is the stub or root of a perennial plant that is commonly retained after harvest to produce a following crop.This paper presents a review of ratoon cotton in relation to a broader framework that has been examining perennialization of agriculture for the benefit of ecology and economy.Cotton is botanically indeterminate,but has been treated as an annual after domestication,yet the habit of perenniality is retained and the plants begin to resprout after the first harvest.In some cropping systems,this tendency is exploited using the“ratooning”practice(i.***.growing one or more crops on the rootstock of the first).Ratooning has declined for various reasons such as an increase in the prevalence of pests and diseases and overwintering risk.However,ratooning has many benefits such as no annual tillage before sowing,a well-established root system,and high yield.The three methods of ratooning offer flexibility to balance the environmental and economic benefits in agriculture.The greatest environmental benefits arise from perennial ratoon cropping of semi-wild cotton,and the greatest economic benefit is obtained from biannually cropping modern annual cultivars.However,an optimum solution would be provided by perennial cropping annual cultivars.To realize both environmental and economic benefits,research is needed in the following main areas:preventing the buildup of pests and diseases,breeding the most suitable cotton cultivars for ratooning,and developing light and simplified cultivation(LSC)systems for ratoon cultivation.

关键词： Cotton perennial indeterminant ratoon stub tropics

Assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis:a comparison between old and most recent modalities used to evaluate this perennial problem

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1999年第4期5卷 11-13页

Ａｃｕｔｅｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓｉｓａｎａｃｕｔｅｉｎｆｌａｍｍａｔｏｒｙｐｒｏｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｃｇｌａｎｄ．ＡｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅＡｔｌａｎｔａｃｌａｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ｔｈ... 详细信息

Ａｃｕｔｅｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓｉｓａｎａｃｕｔｅｉｎｆｌａｍｍａｔｏｒｙｐｒｏｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｃｇｌａｎｄ．ＡｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅＡｔｌａｎｔａｃｌａｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｗｏｆｏｒｍｓｏｆａ...

关键词： this evaluate perennial to problem Assessment

Observation of Ultrastructure in Nasal Mucosa on Allergic perennial Rhinitis Cases before and after the Operations

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2016年第5期5卷 181-188页

作者： Weinian Lin Jun Liao Jinchao Lin Zhongzhu Nian Xiaodong Zhang Xiaoming Ye Department of Otorhinolaryngology Quanzhou First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou China

Objective: The partial inferior turbinectomy and septoplasty was applied to treat the allergic perennial rhinitis (APR), and to observe the ultrastructure changes of the nasal mucosa before and after the operations. Methods: For 36 cases of research objects diagnosed with APR, the partial inferior turbinectomy and septoplasty was administered. For 6 APR cases among them, the pre- and postoperative observation of anterior nasal mucosa of the inferior turbinate on the same side under the electron microscope was conducted for one year respectively. In addition, their pathological alterations of tissues were also conducted. Results: In the pre-operative observation under the electron microscope, it was found that the nasal mucosae epithelium cells were nude without cilia. The lamina propria had edema, and mesenchyme presented the infiltration of substantial eosinophilic granulocytes, basophilic granulocytes, plasmacytes and mast cells. Additionally, abundant degranulation and vacuolation of cytoplasts were observed. The plentiful glands, duct ectasia, edema and structural changes were also found. Some gland cells had degenerated. After the operation, it was found that the epithelium nudity still existed and the deficiency of cilia was not improved. Only a very small amount of microvilli existed. The edema of lamina propria was improved and eosinophilic granulocytes were rarely observed in mesenchyme. However, the infiltration of basophilic granulocytes, plasmocytes and mast cells was still observed. The particle structure was generally stable and the central crystal was clear without degranulation. Meanwhile, the amount of glands was reduced and the tissue structure tended to be recovered. Overall, the nasal mucosa showed changes as chronic inflammation. Conclusions: For the treatment of APR with the methods presented by our research institution, in one year before and after the operation, ultrastructural changes of inferior turbinate mucosa tissues were observed from the preoperatively pathological changes of typica

关键词： Rhinitis Allergic perennial Nasal Mucosa Microscope Electronic Histopathology

Observations of Spring Hard Freeze Injury to C<sub>4</sub>perennial Grasses Native to the Great Plains, USA

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第5期10卷 723-729页

作者： Rob Mitchell Daren Redfearn Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit USDA-ARS Lincoln Nebraska USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA

The native prairies of the Great Plains USA are dominated by perennial C4 grasses like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii). Spring hard freeze injury to C4 perennial grasses is rare but information is lacking in the literature. Our objective was to document effects of spring hard freeze damage to C4 perennial grasses native to the Great Plains USA. On 2 May at 24:00 pm, air temperature near Mead, Nebraska was below freezing and remained below freezing until 8:00 am on 3 May, with a minimum air temperature of -2.8°C. Based on 50-year of weather data for this site, a minimum threshold temperature of 0°C on or after 3 May occurred 16 times, but a minimum threshold temperature of -2.8°C on or after 3 May occurred only twice. Grass tillers were visually evaluated to determine extent of freeze damage. The terminal 3- to 5-cm of the leaf lamina was blackened 4-d after freezing and had complete browning, rolling, and desiccation 14-d after freezing. Tiller survival was not negatively affected by the freezing temperatures in May 2004. As the growing season progressed, all agronomic and livestock responses were within normal ranges for these C4 grasses. This is the first field report of multiple C4 prairie grass species responses to a spring hard freeze following significant spring growth. Plant recovery to this late-spring hard freeze demonstrates the ecological resilience of these C4 prairie grasses. These rare spring hard freezes had short-term impacts on C4 grasses but did not negatively impact agronomic performance for forage or bioenergy later in the growing season.

关键词： C4 perennial Grasses Spring Hard Freeze

Prediction of the Distribution of perennial Cultivated Grasses in the Northwest Sichuan Plateau, China under Climate Change

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第10期7卷 95-111页

作者： Bin Guo San Wang Chao Chen Mingtian Wang Tingting Li Chengdu/Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Institute of Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Chengdu China Aba Prefecture Meteorological Administration Maerkang China Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China Chengdu China Sichuan Meteorlogical Observatory Chengdu China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China

In order to determine the threshold and potential distribution of climatic conditions for perennial cultivated grasses in the Northwest plateau of Sichuan, China, the niche model is used to simulate the main climatic factors affecting the distribution of perennial cultivated grasses, and to predict the current and future climate change prospects. The results show that: 1) Wet index, accumulated temperature, isothermal, and annual average temperature range are the four major climatic factors affecting the distribution of perennial cultivated grasses in the Northwest Sichuan Plateau. 2) Model training and prediction data can be achieved well under the appropriate range of major climatic factors. 3) Under the background of climate warming, from now to 2080, the potential distribution of perennial cultivated grasses in the Northwest plateau of Sichuan, China will increase. The study aims to provide scientific decision-making basis for maintaining grassland ecosystem stability and promoting desertification management and even industrial restructuring of agriculture and animal husbandry.

关键词： Clmatei Change MaxEnt Model Dominant Factor perennial Cultivated Grasses Northwest Sichuan Plateau

OBSERVATION OF REMOTE AND RECENT THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ACUPOINT-THREAD EMBEDDING, WESTERN MEDICINE OR ALLIED THERAPY ON perennial ALLERGIC RHINITIS

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 2006年第3期16卷 13-18页

作者：张世平陈丽仪罗瑞莲郭元琦吴文毅 No.4 Affiliated Hospital to Medical College of Jinan University No.2 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of TCM

Objective: The comparison of the remote and recent therapeutic effects on perennial allergic rhinitis was carried on among single application of acupoint-thread embedding, western medicine (certirizine+flixonase) and allied therapy. Method: Ninety cases were randomized into thread-embedding group, western medicine group and embedding+western medicine group (allied-therapy group), 30 cases in each one. In thread embedding group, Yingxiang (迎香 LI 20) and Feishu (肺俞 BL 13) were selected for thread embedding, once a week, totally 4 treatments were required. In western medicine group, certirizine tablet 10 mg in combination with flixonase sprayer was applied once per day, continuously for 30 days in treatment. In allied-therapy group, both of the above methods were adopted continuously for 30 days in treatment. The therapeutic effects were in statistics at the end of treatment and 1 year later. Results: At the end of treatment, in thread-embedding group, 21 cases were remarkably effective, 3 cases effective and 6 cases no effect. In western medicine group, 20 cases were remarkably effective, 3 cases effective and 7 cases no effect. In allied-therapy group, 23 cases were remarkably effective, 2 cases effective and 5 cases no effect. It was shown in statistics that there was no significant difference in therapeutic effects among three groups ( P>0.05 ). But one year after the end of treatment, it was indicated that in thread-embedding group, 3 cases were remarkably effective, 10 cases effective and 17 cases no effect; in western medicine group, 2 cases were remarkably effective, 9 cases effective and 19 cases no effect; in allied-therapy group, 7 cases were remarkably effective, 11 cases effective and 12 cases no effect. The significant difference in the therapeutic effects had not been presented in the comparison between thread-embedding group and western medicine group (P>0.05), but that had been presented between allied-therapy group with either of the groups with single therapy applied (P<0.05). Conclusion: Quite go

关键词： Rhinitis Allergic perennial Thread embedding Randomize

Dormancy Interferes with Flowering in perennial Plants with Short Day Regulation of Both Processes:A Mini-Review

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 778-782页

作者： Ola M.Heide Anita Sonsteby Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesAsNorway NIBIO Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchAsNorway

In many perennial woody plants growing in the temperate and cold regions, regulation of seasonal growth cessation and floral initiation are closely integrated, both taking place in photoperiods shorter than a critical length. In the temperate shrub black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), the two processes proceed harmoniously in parallel under naturally decreasing autumn photoperiods, whereas an abrupt shift to photoperiods well below the critical length results in an immediate growth cessation and premature dormancy. As a result, floral initiation is suppressed and arrested. Other perennial plants such as hop (Humulus lupulus), which have the same dual short day responses, behave in the same way. In such plants, optimal flowering takes place at near-critical photoperiods, which are short enough to induce flowering and still long enough to prevent premature dormancy. These responses deviate from the situation in annual plants, which have predominated in studies on photoperiodic control of flowering. Another example of linkage between flowering and dormancy responses is the well-known dual effects of chilling temperature on vernalization and its relation to dormancy. Elucidation and disentangling of these networks of integrated processes are now awaiting joint research efforts in the areas of molecular genetics and experimental plant physiology.

关键词： Black Currant Dormancy and Flowering Hop perennial Photoperiod

Did maize domestication and early spread mediate the population genetics of corn leafhopper?

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 569-586页

作者： Julio S. Bernal Amanda M. Davila-Flores Raul F. Medina Yolanda H. Chen Kyle E. Harrison Kimberly A. Berrier Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA

Investigating how crop domestication and early farming mediated crop attributes, distributions, and interactions with antagonists may shed light on today's agricultural pest problems. Crop domestication generally involved artificial selection for traits desirable to early farmers, for example, in creased productivity or yield, and enhanced qualities, though invariably it altered the interactions between crops and insects, and expanded the geographical ranges of crops. Thus, some studies suggest that with crop domestication and spread, insect populations on wild crop ancestors gave rise to pestiferous insect populations on crops. Here, we addressed whether the emergence of corn leafhopper (Dalbulus ma id is) as an agricultural pest may be associated with domestication and early spread of maize (Zea mays mays). We used AFLP markers and mitochondrial COI sequences to assess population genetic structuring and haplotype relationships among corn leafhopper samples from maize and its wild relative Zea diploperennis from multiple locations in Mexico and Argentina. We uncovered seven corn leafhopper haplotypes contained within two haplogroups, one haplogroup containing haplotypes associated with maize and the other containing haplotypes associated with Z. diploperennis in a mountainous habitat. Within the first haplogroup, one haplotype was predominant across Mexican locations, and another across Argentinean locations;both were considered pestiferous. We suggested that the divergence times of the maize-associated haplogroup and of the "pestiferous" haplotypes are correlated with the chronology of maize spread following its domestication. Overall, our results support a hypothesis positing that maize domestication favored corn leafhopper genotypes preadapted for exploiting maize so that they became pestiferous, and that with the geographical expansi on of maize farming, corn leafhopper colonized Z. diploperennis, a host exclusive to secluded habitats that serves as a refuge for archaic corn leafhopper genotypic diversity. B

关键词： Dalbulus maidis haplotype network analysis perennial teosinte population genetic structuring Zea diploperennis Zea mays mays